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Western Sydney University team develops AI tool for type 1 diabetes

Western Sydney University team develops AI tool for type 1 diabetes

Yahoo18 hours ago

A research team led by Western Sydney University in Australia has developed an AI-powered tool that could evaluate the development risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and forecast treatment responses.
The tool utilises microRNAs, small RNA molecules from blood, to create a Dynamic Risk Score (DRS4C) that distinguishes those with or without T1D.
The DRS4C was developed after analysing molecular data from 5,983 study samples across Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), India, New Zealand, and the US.
With AI utilisation, the risk score was further validated in 662 subjects, predicting which individuals would remain insulin-free an hour post-therapy.
The microRNA markers forecasted early responses to treatments such as islet transplantation and the drug imatinib.
This new risk score captures the changing risk of T1D and can differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
The university's School of Medicine and Translational Health Research Institute professor Anand Hardikar highlighted the significance of this advancement, given that current T1D testing methods have not seen major changes for years.
Hardikar said: 'T1D risk prediction is timely, with therapies that can delay T1D progression becoming recognised and available. Since early-onset T1D before the age of ten years is particularly aggressive and linked to up to 16 years of reduced life expectancy, accurately predicting progression gives doctors a powerful tool to intervene sooner.'
Lead researcher Dr Mugdha Joglekar from the School of Medicine and Translational Health Research Institute distinguished between genetic and dynamic risk markers, noting that the genetic testing provided a static risk view.
The study involved 79 researchers from 33 institutions across seven nations.
Funding for this research was provided by entities such as Breakthrough T1D (formerly JDRF Australia), the Australian Research Council, and the National Health and Medical Research Council, with additional backing from Western Sydney University and the Danish Diabetes and Endocrine Academy.
"Western Sydney University team develops AI tool for type 1 diabetes" was originally created and published by Medical Device Network, a GlobalData owned brand.
The information on this site has been included in good faith for general informational purposes only. It is not intended to amount to advice on which you should rely, and we give no representation, warranty or guarantee, whether express or implied as to its accuracy or completeness. You must obtain professional or specialist advice before taking, or refraining from, any action on the basis of the content on our site.
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Western Sydney University team develops AI tool for type 1 diabetes
Western Sydney University team develops AI tool for type 1 diabetes

Yahoo

time18 hours ago

  • Yahoo

Western Sydney University team develops AI tool for type 1 diabetes

A research team led by Western Sydney University in Australia has developed an AI-powered tool that could evaluate the development risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and forecast treatment responses. The tool utilises microRNAs, small RNA molecules from blood, to create a Dynamic Risk Score (DRS4C) that distinguishes those with or without T1D. The DRS4C was developed after analysing molecular data from 5,983 study samples across Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), India, New Zealand, and the US. With AI utilisation, the risk score was further validated in 662 subjects, predicting which individuals would remain insulin-free an hour post-therapy. The microRNA markers forecasted early responses to treatments such as islet transplantation and the drug imatinib. This new risk score captures the changing risk of T1D and can differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The university's School of Medicine and Translational Health Research Institute professor Anand Hardikar highlighted the significance of this advancement, given that current T1D testing methods have not seen major changes for years. Hardikar said: 'T1D risk prediction is timely, with therapies that can delay T1D progression becoming recognised and available. Since early-onset T1D before the age of ten years is particularly aggressive and linked to up to 16 years of reduced life expectancy, accurately predicting progression gives doctors a powerful tool to intervene sooner.' Lead researcher Dr Mugdha Joglekar from the School of Medicine and Translational Health Research Institute distinguished between genetic and dynamic risk markers, noting that the genetic testing provided a static risk view. The study involved 79 researchers from 33 institutions across seven nations. Funding for this research was provided by entities such as Breakthrough T1D (formerly JDRF Australia), the Australian Research Council, and the National Health and Medical Research Council, with additional backing from Western Sydney University and the Danish Diabetes and Endocrine Academy. "Western Sydney University team develops AI tool for type 1 diabetes" was originally created and published by Medical Device Network, a GlobalData owned brand. The information on this site has been included in good faith for general informational purposes only. It is not intended to amount to advice on which you should rely, and we give no representation, warranty or guarantee, whether express or implied as to its accuracy or completeness. You must obtain professional or specialist advice before taking, or refraining from, any action on the basis of the content on our site. Error al recuperar los datos Inicia sesión para acceder a tu cartera de valores Error al recuperar los datos Error al recuperar los datos Error al recuperar los datos Error al recuperar los datos

Astronomers discover 15 new giant radio galaxies — the largest single objects in the universe
Astronomers discover 15 new giant radio galaxies — the largest single objects in the universe

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time21 hours ago

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Astronomers discover 15 new giant radio galaxies — the largest single objects in the universe

When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. Astronomers have discovered a staggering clutch of 15 new Giant Radio Galaxies within the "Sculptor Field" view of Australia's Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. This is a big deal because Giant Radio Galaxies are the largest single objects in the known universe, each wider than 2.3 million light-years across. These new examples range in size from 3.7 million light-years to a staggering 12.4 million light-years wide. For context, the Milky Way is around 105,700 light years wide. That means our galaxy would fit across the largest of these new Giant Radio Galaxies, designated ASKAP J0107–2347, over 117 times. ASKAP J0107–2347, located around 1.5 billion light-years away, is also remarkable because it features two sets of radio lobes, one inside the other. The inner lobes are bright and short, while the outer lobes are faint and elongated. This nesting doll-like structure could hint at how Giant Radio Galaxies get so big. "Giant radio galaxies are the biggest single objects in the universe. They are similar in size to the whole Local Group, which includes the Milky Way, Andromeda, and lots of dwarf galaxies," team leader and Western Sydney University researcher Baerbel Silvia Koribalski told "We wanted to find out how Giant Radio Galaxies grow sooooo big." Koribalski explained that typically, a Giant Radio Galaxy is a massive elliptical galaxy that has a supermassive black hole at its heart. When these black holes are feeding on surrounding matter, creating a region called an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), they blast out powerful jets of matter at near-light speeds. All large galaxies are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centers, and many of these are feeding or "accreting" matter and thus sit in AGNs while exhibiting jet activity. What sets Giant Radio Galaxies apart is the fact that their jets stretch out for 2.3 million to 15.3 million light-years, creating vast twin radio-wave emitting lobes around these galaxies at the shock front of these jets. "Sometimes these supermassive black holes are feeding, and powerful radio jets are seen to emerge from near the black hole," said Koribalski. "Other times, the supermassive black hole is inactive, so we see no jets and the lobes that formed around the head of the jet slowly fade." That is, the researcher added, unless the jets and lobes are re-energized. Mergers between galaxies are thought to play a role in restarting supermassive black hole activity, thus recharging tese jets and creating a second brighter set of inner lobes. To investigate this phenomenon as well as fading radio lobes, Koribalski explained that three things are necessary: high sensitivity, good angular resolution, and relatively low observing frequency. ASKAP, a 6-kilometer diameter radio interferometer array comprising 36 telescopes in Western Australia, provides high-resolution, wide-field radio images and thus fits that bill nicely. "Because ASKAP is equipped with novel, wide-field receivers, Checkerboard Phased Array Feeds that look like a chess board, we can carry out huge sky surveys," Koribalski said. "In each observation, we see an area of 30 square degrees, while previous radio interferometers would see around one square degree. So, each image produced by ASKAP is a treasure trove!" The ASKAP data used by Koribalski in this research was centered around the starburst galaxy NGC 253, or the "Sculptor galaxy," located around 8 million light-years away, creating the deepest ASKAP field yet, the Sculptor field. "While inspecting this deep ASKAP field, I found an unusual number of Giant Radio Galaxies, not only physically very large, but also large in terms of their angular sizes," Koribalski said. "The latter, together with the depth of the field, makes it possible to study these Giant Radio Galaxies in great detail, in particular their morphology, symmetry, and ages." "Back to the question of how do Giant Radio Galaxies grow so big? It seems that unless something is impeding the lobe expansion, they will continue to grow, expand, and fade," Koribalski said. "So, in many cases, we detect the old, outer radio lobes plus a new set of young, inner radio lobes plus jets, created when the supermassive black hole activity restarted. This allows us to study the timescales on which AGN switch on and off." As for the cause of these cut-off periods, Koribalski added that the radio lobes are created in galaxy clusters. That means that so-called "cluster weather," the dynamic interactions that occur between galaxies in clusters, can play a big role in shaping radio galaxies, stopping their expansion or creating structures like wide-angle radio tails, jellyfish tails, or merged tails as seen in the Corkscrew Galaxy. Related Stories: — Black holes could work as natural particle colliders to hunt for dark matter, scientists say — Massive star's gory 'death by black hole' is the biggest and brightest event of its kind — Star escapes ravenous supermassive black hole, leaving behind its stellar partner The ASKAP data could help to get to the bottom of Giant Radio Galaxy growth, because whereas the old lobes of these huge galaxies are so big, diffuse, and faint that they are generally not detectable in shallow surveys, the ASKAP surveys are deep enough to see these fainter J0107–2347 is a prime example of this form of galactic archeology, and it could soon be joined by many more double-lobed Giant Radio Galaxies, helping to crack the mystery of these vast cosmic structures. "ASKAP will massively increase the number of Giant Radio Galaxies near and far," Koribalski said. "ASKAP's sky surveys deliver so much data that even rare objects can now be detected in larger numbers." A preprint version of the team's research is published on the paper repository site arXiv.

'One of the most geometrically perfect': What is this mysterious sphere deep in the Milky Way galaxy?
'One of the most geometrically perfect': What is this mysterious sphere deep in the Milky Way galaxy?

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time30-05-2025

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'One of the most geometrically perfect': What is this mysterious sphere deep in the Milky Way galaxy?

When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. There's no shortage of round celestial objects in our universe. Planets, moons and stars all exhibit lovely spherical shapes. But astronomers recently spotted a mysteriously circular orb deep in the Milky Way galaxy — and it's certainly none of these things. This celestial bubble, discovered by astrophysicist Miroslav Filipović of Western Sydney University, is likely a supernova remnant (SNR), an expanding shell of gas and dust formed by shockwaves from a massive stellar explosion. SNRs aren't uncommon, but this particular example showcases numerous anomalies, including its astonishingly round shape. For that shape, Filipović and his team named SNR Teleios, the Greek word for "perfect." Filipović discovered Teleios — officially designated G305.4–2.2 — by accident, scanning through new images taken by the radio telescope Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). ASKAP is currently surveying the entire southern hemisphere sky. "I was looking at these images as they became available, searching for anything interesting, or not seen before, and came across Teleios," Filipović told "Its perfectly circular shape was unusual, and so I investigated further." Using data from ASKAP and the Murchison Widefield Array, Filipović and his team estimate that Teleios spans either about 46 light-years across at a distance of about 7,175 light-years from Earth, or about 157 light-years across at a distance of about 25,114 light-years from Earth. (Judging such vast distances in space is difficult.) Regardless of the size and distance of Teleios, though, the SNR's near-perfect symmetry is extraordinary. Its shape was quantified with a circularity score of 95.4%, placing it among the most symmetric known SNRs. While idealized models suggest SNRs remnants should be circular, reality often paints a more chaotic picture. "'Typical' SNR shapes vary dramatically, either from asymmetries in the initial explosion, or disruption from expanding into a non-perfect environment, or a number of other interfering factors," says Filipović. "What makes Teleios' shape so remarkable is that it displays none of these asymmetries; it effectively looks like an explosion that has happened with almost perfect initial parameters and with almost no disruption while expanding." So, what could explain such an undisturbed evolution? According to Filipović, it likely comes down to location. Teleios lies 2.2 degrees below the Galactic Plane, where interstellar gas and dust are significantly more sparse. This environment may have allowed the remnant to expand while remaining largely undisturbed for thousands of years. Teleios' shape is only one of the unusual characteristics of this SNR. Adding to the mystery, Teleios emits only in radio wavelengths, with a hint of hydrogen-alpha emissions. "Most SNRs are visible at another frequency. They either emit at optical, infrared, or X-ray frequencies as well," says Filipović. "The fact that we don't see that here is quite confusing. It could be that the temperatures are not high enough to produce this emission, or that Teleios is old enough that the optical emission has faded, but the radio emission is still present." Related Stories: — Hundreds of supernova remnants remain hidden in our galaxy. These astronomers want to find them— Mysterious cosmic lights turn out to be 2 undiscovered supernova remnants— Watch 2 gorgeous supernova remnants evolve over 20 years (timelapse video) This lack of emissions poses challenges to determining the type of supernova that produced Teleios. The most likely scenario is a Type Ia supernova, which occurs in binary star systems in which a white dwarf consumes enough mass of its companion star to explode violently. Alternatively, Teleios' origin might be Type Iax supernova, which is similar to a Type Ia supernova but one that leaves behind a "zombie" star. But Teleios's observable data doesn't fit either model perfectly. As it goes with newfound objects in the universe, researchers have a lot more to study to unravel all of Teleios's mysteries. Fortunately, there's no better time to study SNRs. "These are the 'golden days' for radio astronomy as the new instruments, such as ASKAP and MeerKAT, are opening windows for new discoveries," says Filipović. A paper on the findings has been submitted to the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, and is presently available on preprint server arXiv.

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