Donald Trump imposes an additional 25 per cent tariff on Indian goods over Russian oil imports
The tariff is set to take effect in three weeks and would be added on top of a separate 25 per cent tariff entering into force on Thursday.
It maintains exemptions for items targeted by separate sector-specific duties, such as steel and aluminium, and categories that could be hit like pharmaceuticals.
The White House said Mr Trump signed an executive order implementing the move on Wednesday, US time.
India is yet to comment on the move. It previously described Mr Trump's threats to impose the additional levy as unjustified.
Relations between Washington and New Delhi have deteriorated in recent weeks, with a trade agreement yet to be signed between the two countries.
India has become a major buyer of Russian oil, providing a much-needed export market for Moscow after it was cut off from traditional buyers in Europe because of the war.
The reshaping of energy ties has saved India billions of dollars while bolstering Moscow's coffers.
India argued it "began importing from Russia because traditional supplies were diverted to Europe after the outbreak of the conflict".
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