Can we build human DNA from scratch? UK scientists say they've started working on it

Indian Express

26-06-2025

In a quiet lab in the UK, a bold scientific experiment is taking its first steps: one that could fundamentally change how we treat disease, how we understand life, and how we define what it means to be human. With the backing of the world's largest medical charity, researchers are now working to build parts of human DNA molecule by molecule.
For supporters, it's a moment of historic promise — a leap forward in the fight against incurable illnesses. For critics, it opens the door to dangerous ethical terrain, including the spectre of designer humans and synthetic life.
The project is backed by a £10 million initial grant from the Wellcome Trust, as per BBC. The initiative — called the Synthetic Human Genome Project — aims to construct human DNA from the ground up, marking what scientists believe to be a world first.
Dr Julian Sale of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, a lead researcher on the project, described it to BBC News as the next giant leap in biology. He said: 'The sky is the limit… We are looking at therapies that will improve people's lives as they age… to generate disease-resistant cells that can repopulate damaged organs, like the heart, liver, and immune system.'
The project builds on the Human Genome Project, completed 25 years ago, which enabled scientists to read human DNA like a barcode. The new goal goes further: not just to read, but to build sections of DNA — and eventually entire chromosomes — from scratch.
By assembling artificial chromosomes in the lab, scientists hope to explore how genes govern repair, development, and illness. The team believes this could help unlock new treatments for genetic disorders and age-related diseases.
But the project has raised serious ethical concerns.
'We like to think that all scientists are there to do good, but the science can be repurposed to do harm and for warfare,' said Dr Pat Thomas, director of advocacy group Beyond GM, warning against potential misuse by rogue actors.
Professor Bill Earnshaw, a genetics expert at Edinburgh University, echoed the fears: 'The genie is out of the bottle. We could have a set of restrictions now, but if an organisation with access to the right machinery decided to synthesise anything, I don't think we could stop them.'
To ensure ethical checks, a dedicated social science programme will run in parallel, led by Professor Joy Zhang at the University of Kent. The initiative will seek input from sociologists, ethicists, and the public.
Zhang said: 'We want to understand how people relate to the technology, how it can be beneficial, and what concerns or hopes they might have.'
Wellcome's head of research programmes, Dr Tom Collins, acknowledged the risks but defended the organisation's decision to fund the work.
Speaking to BBC, Collins said: 'We asked ourselves what was the cost of inaction… This technology is going to be developed one day, so by doing it now we are at least trying to do it in as responsible a way as possible and confront the ethical and moral questions upfront.'
(With inputs from BBC)