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The Independent
3 hours ago
- The Independent
Meteor blazes across Australia, leaving skywatchers in awe
A meteor caused widespread awe across Victoria, Australia, on Sunday. Onlookers were stunned by a bright object falling from the sky, followed by a loud bang. Footage from CCTV and dashcams captured the glowing object illuminating the nighttime sky. Scientists confirmed the flash was a meteor and suggested the accompanying bang was likely a sonic boom. Watch the video in full above.
Daily Mail
3 hours ago
- Daily Mail
Experts warn of the cancer-causing chemicals that are a 'threat to humanity'
The human body contains more than 3,600 synthetic toxins, a new report has warned, with chemical exposure now posing a 'threat to humans.' An eight-month investigation by London-based Deep Science Ventures looked at 'how pervasive toxicity threatens human and planetary health,' with some concerning outcomes. Researchers found that the industrial economy has created over 100 million chemicals not found in nature, with somewhere between 40,000 and 350,000 currently in commercial use, and production has increased fifty-fold since the 1950s. Over 3,600 synthetic chemicals from food contact materials alone are found in human bodies, 80 of which have hazard properties of 'high concern'. The report outlines links between toxic chemicals and a range of health conditions including cancer, obesity, Alzheimer's, pregnancy issues, ADHD, fertility problems, heart conditions, and respiratory ailments. The researchers found cancer rates have exploded in the past few decades and early onset cancer in people under the age of 50 increased 79 percent from 1990 to 2019. Pointing to a possible cause, they discovered that PFAS, or 'forever chemicals,' are found in almost all humans tested with 14 percent of European teenagers having blood levels 'high enough to risk adverse health effects'. And men with high levels of certain PFAS have been found to have less than half the normal sperm count of those with low levels. PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are microscopic substances that take thousands of years to break down in the environment and human body, earning them the name 'forever chemicals.' Their main purpose is to repel water and oil, which is what makes non-stick cookware easier to clean and why certain jackets and tents can withstand rain. The chemicals can seep into the water supply from washing dishes and can enter food if packaging is made to be grease-resistant or if the non-stick coating on pots and pans begins to deteriorate. PFAS are also common in pesticides used on crops, which produces chemical-rich runoff that can enter the drinking water supply. From an analysis of peer-reviewed scientific papers as well as interviews with researchers, non-profit leaders, entrepreneurs and investors, the researchers found the food and agricultural industries to be the worst offenders. They explain: 'Pesticides and fertilizers can pollute water and affect local ecosystems as well as the food we eat, and one of the most dangerous fertilizers is the sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants which is spread on fields even though it often contains many toxic chemicals.' The researchers warn that PFAS have now 'contaminated the whole world', with levels in rainwater often exceeding safe limits for drinking water. Last year, the EPA set the maximum contaminant levels for PFAS at 4.0 parts per trillion. They note that despite the current level of evidence, there are still 'noticeable gaps' in how industry and regulatory bodies address chemical toxicity. In the US, they highlight how loopholes in regulation have allowed more than 200 new food additives into the food system without undergoing pre-market approval. One report by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) reveals that the number is closer to 900 and these additives get through the system through what is referred to as the 'generally recognized as safe,' or GRAS, loophole. 'The loophole lets those companies – not the FDA – decide when a substance is safe,' the expose notes. It adds: 'For the other 863 new food chemicals added to the food supply since 2000, food chemical companies exploited the GRAS loophole so they could make their own safety determinations.' The Deep Science Ventures report reveals that in the FDA's own database, almost 80 percent of chemical additives directly added to food 'lack the relevant information needed to estimate the amount that consumers can safely eat, and 93 percent lack reproductive or developmental toxicity data.' And of the FDA-regulated additives - both directly and indirectly allowed in food - almost two-thirds don't have publicly available data. In the EU, even with a 'precautionary ethos, typically based on the 'no hazard data, no market' principle', they say there are still too many exceptions. 'The majority of commonly used chemicals lack adequate public data for their long-term health and environmental impacts,' they add. While humans can't see chemicals and microplastics with the naked eye, research is increasingly showing they have a big impact on our health. These toxins are estimated to cost the US healthcare system about $290 million per year, as they have been linked to everything from birth defects to cancer, dementia to asthma, and infertility to children's behavioral and learning difficulties. Microplastics smaller than one micrometer, known as nanoplastics, are of most concern, as research has shown they can infiltrate cells. Studies have revealed that microplastics can cause DNA damage and changes in gene activity, known for triggering cancer. Off the backs of the findings, the researchers called for policy makers and industry leaders to take immediate action. Underscoring the need for immediate action, the researchers concluded: 'Based on our findings, failure to act decisively will likely lead to irreversible consequences for both human health and the delicate balance of our planet's ecosystems. 'Policymakers should consider the impact of toxicity on fertility especially as many countries are struggling to boost it using expensive other incentives. This is important because human and planetary health is at stake. 'For us to ensure our continued development and ability to thrive as a human species, we have to accelerate the growth of innovative, technological solutions and ensure these are funded and scaled at pace.'
The Guardian
4 hours ago
- The Guardian
Biochar from human waste could solve global fertiliser shortages, study finds
Charcoal made from human waste could help solve fertiliser shortages as well as reduce pollution and energy use, a study has found. Biochar is a form of charcoal made from organic matter treated at high heat, which is often used on farming soil as a fertiliser. The process also removes carbon from the atmosphere, making it a useful carbon sink. The study estimated that biochar made from solid human excrement could provide up to 7% of the phosphorus used around the world each year. Although the biochar process converts only solids, nutrients taken from urine could be added to it, and the researchers found this could provide for 15% of annual phosphorus application, 17% of nitrogen, and up to 25% of potassium. Treated sewage sludge is already spread on farmland, but its use is controversial as it often contains microplastics, heavy metals, Pfas forever chemicals, pathogens, and researchers say biochar can avoid this problem by separating the waste at source. The study estimated that the biochar process could decrease both the weight and volume of solid excrement by up to 90%, which represents a significant gain in efficiency when compared with transporting sewage sludge, due to the latter's high water content. The biochar production process also allows nutrient proportions to be adjusted according to the needs of individual crops. This can address problems associated with fertiliser use such as weed growth and eutrophication – when excess nutrients leach into groundwater, causing rapid growth of algae which depletes oxygen availability and reduces the sunlight available for underwater ecosystems. Dr Johannes Lehmann, a professor of soil biogeochemistry at Cornell University and lead author of the study published in the journal PNAS, said: 'Talking about sewage is not as glamorous as renewable energy, but preventing resource wastage by creating a circular economy is also key to the green transition.' Agriculture accounts for 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. As demand has increased on global agricultural systems to provide enough food for all, so too has its appetite for fertiliser to replenish soil nutrients. Synthetic fertilisers deliver three main nutrients to soils – nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus – and all three involve energy-intensive and often environmentally destructive production processes. Nitrogen is fixed from the air to make ammonia via the Haber process, and turning this into nitrogen fertilisers emits an estimated 2.6 billion gigatonnes of CO2 a year – more than global aviation and shipping combined. Strip mining phosphate rock for phosphorus permanently scars natural landscapes and processing it into fertiliser also leads to radioactive phosphogypsum as a byproduct. Potash mining for potassium contributes to soil salinisation and freshwater contamination due to its large amounts of waste salt byproduct. Sign up to Down to Earth The planet's most important stories. Get all the week's environment news - the good, the bad and the essential after newsletter promotion According to Lehmann, 'the implications [of biochar resource recovery] go beyond just agriculture, and involve economics and geopolitics. As finite mineral resources become more scarce, countries without significant reserves could become dependent on those with for their agricultural needs and food security. For example, Morocco holds 70% of the entire world's reserves of phosphates. 'Instead, an alternative future where nutrients are recycled through a circular economy could empower countries to produce food without relying on imported fertilisers, redressing issues of environmental justice across the global south by potentially mitigating climate migration, one of the main drivers of which is agricultural failure.'
