Congo's battle against M23 strains public finances, IMF says
An escalation of fighting in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has strained the Central African nation's public finances, the International Monetary Fund said on Tuesday.
Rwanda-backed M23 rebels have staged an unprecedented advance in eastern Congo this year, triggering a fresh cycle of violence in a decades-long conflict in a region rich in minerals including tantalum and gold.
The rebels seized Goma, eastern Congo's largest city, in late January and Bukavu, the area's second-largest, weeks later.
The closure of revenue collection offices in M23-controlled regions, combined with measures to ease living costs by exempting basic food products from customs duties and value-added tax, "have led to a revenue shortfall", the IMF said in a statement after a visit to Congo's capital Kinshasa.
Elevated security spending has also put pressure on the budget, the statement said. The finance ministry announced in March it was doubling salaries for soldiers and police in an apparent bid to boost morale.
The IMF said it had reached a staff-level agreement on the first review of Congo's three-year economic and financial programme under its extended credit facility.
"The government has reaffirmed its commitment to the objectives of ECF-supported program, which has been recalibrated to reflect the new realities following the intensification of the conflict," the statement read.
It also said the programme would help safeguard fiscal sustainability while enabling adequate fiscal space for pressing security and humanitarian needs.
The United Nations and Western governments say Rwanda has provided arms and troops to M23. Rwanda denies backing M23 and says its military has acted in self-defence against Congo's army and a militia founded by perpetrators of the 1994 genocide. REUTERS
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Straits Times
29 minutes ago
- Straits Times
A recent history of Russian presidential visits to the US
MOSCOW - Vladimir Putin is set to become the first Russian president to visit Alaska, a territory Moscow sold to the U.S. in 1867 for $7.2 million, assuming a summit with U.S. President Donald Trump goes ahead there on Friday as planned. It would be Putin's eighth trip to the U.S. as president, a post he has held since the end of 1999 apart from a four-year hiatus in 2008-2012 when close ally Dmitry Medvedev held the top Kremlin job. Here are details of Putin's previous visits to the United States as president, and a summary of those made by Medvedev and Boris Yeltsin, his predecessor. 2015 - The last time Putin was in the U.S. he visited New York for the United Nations General Assembly and held talks with then-President Barack Obama. The encounter was a frosty one with Obama sharply criticising Putin over the conflict in eastern Ukraine where Russia-backed forces were fighting government troops. The two leaders also clashed over Syria and the fate of then President Bashar al-Assad at a time when Moscow was poised to intervene militarily on Assad's side against rebel forces. 2007 - Putin travelled to the family home of Obama's predecessor, George W. Bush, in Kennebunkport, Maine, at a time when ties were badly strained over Russia's opposition to a planned U.S. missile defence system in Eastern Europe, U.S. criticism over what is said was Putin's rollback of democracy, and disagreement over statehood for Kosovo. Bush and Putin held informal talks on nuclear security, Iran and North Korea. Bush later described how they spent a weekend fishing and discussing missile defence systems in Poland and the Czech Republic which Putin was worried about. Some common ground was found, Bush noted, quipping that Putin was the only one to catch a fish. 2005 - Putin attended the 2005 World Summit in New York and later held White House talks with President Bush. Their meeting was partly overshadowed by Hurricane Katrina which devastated New Orleans. Putin offered aid and words of support. Concerns about Iran and North Korea developing nuclear weapons loomed large. 2004 - Putin attended a G8 summit on Sea Island in Georgia, and was also in Washington at the funeral of late President Ronald Reagan. He held talks with President Bush who hailed the Russian leader as his friend. Iraq was in focus, a year after the U.S. invasion, with Putin helping Bush get a resolution through the U.N. which supported the interim Iraqi government. 2003 - Putin was in New York for the U.N. General Assembly and also held talks at Camp David in Maryland with President Bush. Putin expressed misgivings about the U.S. invasion of Iraq that same year, but the joint news conference was a friendly affair with Bush declaring Washington and Moscow allies in what he called "the war on terror." They spoke of expanding cooperation in Iraq and Afghanistan and of broadening U.S.-Russia military cooperation. 2001 - Putin went on a state visit to the U.S. taking in Washington, New York as well as Texas two months after nearly 3,000 people were killed in the 9/11 attacks. Putin, the first foreign leader to phone Bush to express solidarity after the attack, visited the site in New York where the World Trade Center once stood and wrote on a wall: "The great city and the great American nation will win!!!" The former KGB officer attended a restricted access CIA briefing, met U.S. Congress leaders, and held talks with President Bush, attending an informal dinner at Bush's ranch in Texas. 2000 - Putin flew to New York to attend the Millennium Summit and gave a speech to the U.N. Security Council of which Russia is a permanent member. In it, he urged a multilateral rather than unilateral approach to international affairs. He also held talks with then-President Bill Clinton with both agreeing to recommit to, and in some cases extend, various initiatives concerning arms control and nuclear non-proliferation. Dmitry Medvedev, who was president from 2008-2012, made five visits to the United States and cast himself at the time as a pro-Western moderniser. His most high-profile trip was in June 2010 when he met President Obama at a diner near Washington for a burger and fries amid an attempted "reset" in ties. Medvedev has since become one of Russia's most outspoken anti-Western hawks. Boris Yeltsin, who was Russia's first post-Soviet president, made four official trips to the U.S. after the 1991 Soviet collapse. Bill Clinton would reveal in an interview years later that on one of his trips to Washington in the mid-1990s, U.S. secret service agents found Yeltsin in the early hours wandering in the street in his underwear, drunk and craving pizza. REUTERS
Straits Times
3 hours ago
- Straits Times
Fugitive Moldovan tycoon offers $3,000 a month to anti-government protesters
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Straits Times
14 hours ago
- Straits Times
The quiet technocrat who enacts Putin's ruthless agenda
Sign up now: Get ST's newsletters delivered to your inbox Mr Sergei V. Kiriyenko, a first deputy chief of staff to President Vladimir Putin, has turned himself into a key engineer of the Russian leader's autocratic machine. The Kremlin official boasted of his commitment to healthy living, opening a door in his office to show a visiting businessperson what looked like a private gym. Then he described his latest project: stage-managing 'referendums' in occupied Ukraine to make it look like those regions wanted to join Russia. The Moscow businessperson, who had come to see him about another matter, recalled that the official, Mr Sergei V. Kiriyenko, had gone into great detail about the referendums, even listing the percentage breakdown of the results the Kremlin would declare. He added that Mr Kiriyenko left the impression of a calm, ambitious bureaucrat 'solving a concrete, technical problem'. Since that meeting three years ago, it has become more clear than ever that Mr Kiriyenko is the man who turns President Vladimir Putin's ideas into action. As the Russian leader wages war, Mr Kiriyenko oversees wide-ranging government efforts to tighten Mr Putin's grip on the country and on occupied Ukraine. He has also recently gained new power inside the Kremlin, taking over much of the portfolio of another Putin aide who disagreed with the invasion of Ukraine. Despite his modest title of first deputy chief of staff to Mr Putin, Mr Kiriyenko represents an underappreciated aspect of how the Russian president exercises power, forming part of a cadre of skilled, loyal and opportunistic managers who direct the sprawling apparatus of the Russian state. Top stories Swipe. Select. Stay informed. Business Keppel to sell M1 unit's telco business to Simba for $1.43 billion Business Nvidia, AMD to pay 15% of China chip sale revenues to US, official says Singapore Healthy lifestyle changes could save Singapore $650 million in healthcare costs by 2050: Study Singapore BTO income ceiling, age floor for singles being reviewed: Chee Hong Tat World Netanyahu says Israel's new Gaza offensive will start soon Opinion Anwar's government: Full house but plenty of empty offices Singapore Man's claim amid divorce that his mother is true owner of 3 properties cuts no ice with judge Business Singapore can deliver and thrive in a fragmented global economy: Morgan Stanley analysts For more than three years, Mr Putin has leaned on Mr Kiriyenko, 63, to manage the political aspects of the Ukraine war. Cracking down on domestic opposition. Expanding the Kremlin's control of the internet. Pushing Mr Putin's narrative into Russian schools and culture. Shaping propaganda and governance in occupied Ukraine. Attempting to legitimise Russia's land grab. Just in the past few months, Mr Kiriyenko's reach has extended to efforts to reintegrate Ukraine war veterans into civilian life and to push Russians onto a state-affiliated messaging app instead of Western ones. If Mr Putin makes a deal with President Donald Trump at their planned summit in Alaska on Aug 15 to end the fighting in Ukraine, it is likely to be Mr Kiriyenko's job to sell any compromise to Russians as a victory. In interviews, more than a dozen former colleagues and other Russians who know Mr Kiriyenko described him as a man whose proficiency in the minutiae of control and influence have greased the machinery of Mr Putin's autocracy. Many of the people, including three close to the Kremlin, spoke to The New York Times on the condition of anonymity for fear of retribution. The Kremlin declined to make Mr Kiriyenko available for an interview and did not respond to a request for comment. One of his former aides, Mr Boris B. Nadezhdin, said that he noticed Mr Kiriyenko's skill at managing personnel and at staying in his bosses' good graces three decades ago, when Mr Kiriyenko was a deputy energy minister. The two men would collide in 2024, when the Kremlin blocked Mr Nadezhdin's attempt to run for president against Mr Putin. Mr Nadezhdin noted in an interview that Russia's era of independent politicians had passed. He said that the Putin era belonged to those like Mr Kiriyenko – 'a person who does not try to implement any of his own plans, ideas and so on, but simply, clearly carries out tasks'. Without rules Mr Kiriyenko casts himself as a student of the cold calculus of power. He is a sixth-rank black belt in aikido, a Japanese martial art focused on harnessing an opponent's energy and turning it against them. He professes an interest in Methodology, a Soviet-era school of philosophy in which society can be engineered, managed and transformed from above. In the tumult of modern Russian politics, that focus on power has translated for Mr Kiriyenko into shifting alliances and repeated reinvention. 'In a game without rules,' he once told an interviewer, 'the one who makes the rules wins.' Mr Kiriyenko was just 35 in 1998 when he briefly became Russia's prime minister. His youthful image and meteoric rise – he'd been a regional oil refinery manager a few years before – earned him the nickname Kinder Surprise, a play on the name of a European children's candy. After losing his post when Russia defaulted on its debt, Mr Kiriyenko cofounded a party pushing Western-style economic overhauls. He took a crash course in literature to appeal to the urban middle class, reading five books a week in the midst of his 1999 election campaigns for Moscow mayor and for the Russian parliament, according to Mr Marat A. Guelman, then his campaign manager. 'He was quick to perceive, quick to change,' said Mr Guelman, who later turned against Mr Putin and now lives in Berlin. After Mr Putin won the presidency in 2000, Mr Kiriyenko pivoted again and quit parliament to work for the Kremlin. A few years on, Mr Guelman asked for help for an associate who had run afoul of authorities, describing him to Mr Kiriyenko as 'a person of our convictions'. Mr Kiriyenko, Guelman recalled, shot back: 'I don't have convictions now – I'm a soldier of Putin.' Mr Alfred R. Kokh, a 1990s-era deputy prime minister of Russia who also left the country, described a similar exchange. He complained to Mr Kiriyenko in 2003 about improprieties in that year's parliamentary election campaign. 'Are we going to la-la,' Mr Kiriyenko replied, 'or are we going to talk business?' Powerful friends Already ensconced in the Kremlin machinery, Mr Kiriyenko ran one of the government's biggest businesses from 2005 to 2016: Rosatom, the state nuclear energy conglomerate. During those years, Kiriyenko deepened a bond with a banking and media magnate, Mr Yuri V. Kovalchuk, according to Western officials and several of the Kiriyenko associates who spoke to the Times. A physicist by training, Mr Kovalchuk is widely seen as one of Mr Putin's closest friends. He persuaded Mr Putin to bring Mr Kiriyenko back to the Kremlin, some of those people said. Mr Kiriyenko had proven himself at Rosatom, modernising the company with Japanese management principles and extending Russian influence by striking deals around the globe. In his new Kremlin job, Mr Kiriyenko was entrusted with orchestrating Mr Putin's version of democracy, an exercise in cementing the president's legitimacy and keeping control of a far-flung nation. As the first deputy chief of staff overseeing domestic politics, Mr Kiriyenko planned the selection of the Kremlin's preferred candidate for governor in each of Russia's more than 80 regions, the elections to fill the more than 600 seats in parliament, and the stage management of Mr Putin's own reelection in 2018 and in 2024. 'He's the technical implementer,' said Mr Grigory A. Yavlinsky, a liberal politician in Moscow who ran for president, with the Kremlin's approval, in 2018. 'It's a huge amount of work.' Mr Kiriyenko also held contests to identify the next generations of technocrats, featuring online aptitude tests and role-playing leadership games. Just in 2025, finalists of his 'Leaders of Russia' competition have been named to government roles such as auditing construction projects in occupied Ukraine, managing bus transit in suburban Moscow and running the health ministry in Khabarovsk in Russia's Far East. He has broadened his portfolio further by taking on Russia's last bastion of free speech: the internet. In 2021, Mr Kiriyenko wrested control of the country's most popular social network, VK, from an oligarch. Mr Kovalchuk put up much of the money. Mr Kiriyenko's son became CEO. Mr Kovalchuk's grandnephew took another senior role. The power of that alliance was on display in a blitz that many analysts saw as a prelude to a potential ban on WhatsApp. In March, VK unveiled its own messaging app. In June, Russia's communications minister praised the company for releasing a 'fully Russian messenger' in a televised meeting with Mr Putin. Days later, Russian lawmakers passed a bill mandating that a Russian-made messaging app should come preinstalled on all smartphones. In July, the government announced that this app would be the one developed by VK. 'For us, the government is always a partner and a senior comrade,' Mr Kiriyenko's son and the head of VK, Mr Vladimir S. Kiriyenko, said in April. Backing the invasion As Mr Putin massed troops and plotted his 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the president's political aides were largely in the dark, Mr Kiriyenko's associates said. The three people close to the Kremlin said they were convinced that Mr Kiriyenko didn't share the fixation on Ukraine's pro-Western turn that drove Putin to attack the country. After the war started, Mr Kiriyenko soon refashioned himself once again. Trading his suit for olive-green shirts, he started traveling to occupied Ukraine amid the fighting, touring hospitals and schools. He worked on planning a public 'war crimes' trial of Ukrainians to show Mr Putin fulfilling his promise to 'denazify' the country, one of his associates told the Times in June 2022. The trial never materialised as Russian forces struggled on the battlefield, but Mr Kiriyenko said at a conference in 2023 that the war 'must end with trials of Ukrainian criminals'. He did succeed in putting on a different show – the sham referendums in which Moscow claimed Ukrainians under Russian occupation had voted overwhelmingly to become part of Russia. Inside Russia, Mr Kiriyenko used the levers of his office to try to engineer popular support for Mr Putin's invasion. The Public Projects Directorate, a unit focused on patriotic initiatives that Mr Kiriyenko oversees, developed propaganda lessons for Russian schoolchildren. Students in a new school subject called 'Fundamentals of Security and Protection of the Motherland' learn first aid skills at a school in Kursk, Russia. PHOTO: NANNA HEITMANN/NYTIMES His staff also pressured midlevel officials to serve stints as administrators in occupied Ukraine, said Mr Sergei Markov, a pro-Putin analyst in Moscow who has worked with the Kremlin. 'Sure, those who don't want to can refuse,' Mr Markov said. 'But in that case they understand that they'll face serious limits on their careers.' Mr Kiriyenko's portfolio also includes the arts. He has ramped up government support for pro-war entertainers who backed the war while blackballing those critical of it, according to Russian media reports. Mr Iosif I. Prigozhin, a major music producer, said in an interview with the Times that the Kremlin gave 'a blank check' after the invasion to musicians who were 'more focused on national interests'. Mr Prigozhin's wife, the pop star Valeria, has performed at patriotic concerts in Red Square. He called Kiriyenko 'positive, decent, sensitive and precise'. When Mr Kiriyenko's office seeks performers for events, 'the approach is not demanding, but suggestive,' Mr Prigozhin said. Mr Kiriyenko's policies are also backed up by the full force of the Russian state. Thousands of anti-war Russians have been prosecuted or forced into exile in an effort that many analysts, opposition figures and the former colleagues of Mr Kiriyenko say they believe was largely coordinated by him as the Kremlin official who oversees domestic politics. Ilya V. Yashin, a Russian opposition leader, had just been arrested and interrogated in July 2022 when he said he chatted with a security service agent in the grim corridor of a law enforcement agency in Moscow while waiting for his prisoner transport to arrive. The agent told him that his arrest was a 'political decision', dropping hints about a 'Sergei' in the Kremlin who was a 'buddy' of Mr Boris Y. Nemtsov, the politician who brought Mr Kiriyenko into government in the 1990s. The suggestion was that Mr Kiriyenko was responsible for his fate, Yashin recalled in an interview after his release in a prisoner exchange in 2024, though he noted he couldn't be certain of Mr Kiriyenko's role, if any. To Yashin, the irony was remarkable. Both he and Mr Kiriyenko were allies, at different times, of Mr Nemtsov, a Russian opposition leader assassinated in 2015. 'Now Nemtsov is dead, and one of his friends put another one in prison,' Yashin wrote from jail in 2022. 'Absolutely opportunistic' In February 2025, Russian state news outlets reported that Mr Kiriyenko was managing public unrest in Abkhazia, a Russian-backed breakaway region of Georgia. To help show the benefits of being on the Kremlin's side, Mr Kiriyenko offered a gift of 20 Russian school buses and organised a version of his trademark leadership competitions. Mr Kiriyenko's remit has been increasingly expanding outside Russia's borders. A different Kremlin deputy chief of staff, Mr Dmitry N. Kozak, oversaw relations with Abkhazia as recently as 2024. But Mr Kozak has lost influence in Moscow amid his criticism of the invasion of Ukraine, according to the three people close to the Kremlin, a US official and a Western contact. In the past few months, they said, Mr Kozak presented Mr Putin with a proposal to immediately stop the fighting in Ukraine, start peace negotiations and reduce the power of Russia's security services. The Russian president has kept Mr Kozak, who has been at Mr Putin's side since the 1990s, in his senior post. But he has shifted much of Mr Kozak's portfolio to Mr Kiriyenko, including managing Kremlin relations with Moldova and with the two breakaway regions of Georgia, the people said. The expansion of Mr Kiriyenko's influence shows how his star continues to rise at the Kremlin as he embraces and executes Putin's wartime policies. Mr Kiriyenko is 'effective' and 'absolutely opportunistic,' Yashin said. If Putin or a future Russian leader pivots back toward the West someday, Yashin said, 'Kiriyenko will find the words for it.' NYTIMES
