
Students get insight on climate change
Published on: Thursday, May 08, 2025
Published on: Thu, May 08, 2025
By: Jessie Lee Text Size: Mary (fourth from left), Dr Chung (third from left) and other guests at the Youth Camp on Climate Change 2025, held at Rainforest Discovery Centre (RDC). (Photo source: Facebook) Kota Kinabalu: Forty students gathered at the Rainforest Discovery Centre (RDC) in Sepilok for the Youth Camp on Climate Change 2025, held from April 30 to May 2. The three-day camp, sponsored by the state's Youth and Sports Ministry, was organised by the Sabah Forestry Department. It brought together participants aged 17 to 25 from Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Politeknik Sandakan, Kolej Komuniti Sandakan, Kolej Vokasional Sandakan II and Kolej Komuniti Lahad Datu. Participants were divided into smaller groups and assigned different climate-related topics, which they later presented during the final session of the camp. Youth and Sports Minister Datuk Ellron Angin said the ministry greatly appreciates the initiative in organising the meaningful camp. 'When we were informed that 40 youth from diverse backgrounds and areas of study would gather at the Rainforest Discovery Centre to explore the issue of climate change, we were confident that such programmes deserve our attention and support. 'Your presence here shows that Malaysian youth, especially in Sabah, are not only eager to gain knowledge but also ready to take concrete steps in addressing this challenge,' he said, represented by the Ministry's Deputy Permanent Secretary Mary Paul Mijong Dagul. In line with this hands-on approach, the camp included workshops conducted in collaboration with Sabah Environmental Education Network (Seen) partners such as the Sabah Wildlife Department and Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre (BSBCC). Sabah Forestry Department Chief Conservator of Forests Datuk Frederick Kugan said it is hoped that the Youth Camp on Climate Change would serve as a catalyst for more climate-themed initiatives in the future, with the involvement of youth from all over Sabah. He said it is truly impressive to learn that most of the participants in this camp are not from scientific backgrounds but are passionate to learn and understand climate change issues. 'We believe that the youth, as the heirs of the future, need to be given space to understand and be involved in efforts to address this issue. 'Climate change is not just an issue for experts but a concern that needs to be understood by everyone,' Frederick said, represented by Head of Forest Research Centre Dr Arthur Chung. Participants were divided into smaller groups and assigned different climate-related topics, which they presented during the final session of the camp. They also visited a landfill managed by the Sandakan Municipal Council where they explored the connection between waste management and environmental sustainability. * Follow us on Instagram and join our Telegram and/or WhatsApp channel(s) for the latest news you don't want to miss. * Do you have access to the Daily Express e-paper and online exclusive news? Check out subscription plans available.
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Sinar Daily
a day ago
- Sinar Daily
The future in a grain: Malaysia's bet on gene-edited rice
KUALA LUMPUR - The leaves tell the story. Laid side by side in a research glasshouse at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Mardi) in Serdang, Selangor, the two paddy leaves look alike at first glance. But under the sharp gaze of principal research officer Dr Zulkifli Ahmad Seman, the difference is obvious. One leaf is almost all yellow, a sickly sign of bacterial blight - a disease that has afflicted Malaysian rice fields for decades and caused losses amounting to hundreds of thousands of ringgit. The other is almost entirely green, save for a faint yellowing at the tip. It comes from a rice line Zulkifli and his team edited using CRISPR-CS9 technology. "So with the host, the protein (blight) can't attach because of where we've mutated it. So when it cannot attach, that's where it will stop," he said at Mardi's headquarters. Since 2021, Zulkifli and other Mardi scientists have been involved in a project to develop new genetically edited rice varieties with targeted traits, such as resistance to disease and tolerance to climate challenges like extreme heat and drought. He said they now had a potential gene-edited (GE) paddy line, which is currently undergoing the screening phase. He said so far, their research has shown that blight would only affect 11 per cent of the leaves of GE paddy. The line is not just a scientific breakthrough. It is the first GE plant for Mardi and Malaysia. But as Zulkifli's team approaches the fifth generation of the disease-resistant seed, they are coming closer to confronting an arguably worse challenge than blight: Malaysia's regulatory gray zone. Photo for illustration purposes only. GRAY ZONE Malaysia is one of Asia's highest per capita consumers of rice but it does not grow enough of it. In 2023, per capita consumption was 76.7 kilogrammes per year, according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security. The numbers have decreased from 2022, showing a 4.7 per cent decrease in rice production, from 2.28 million tonnes in 2022 to 2.18 million tonnes in 2023. According to the same statistics, local rice production can only meet 56.2 per cent of local demand, leaving the country vulnerable to price shocks and supply disruptions. For paddy farmers like 57-year-old Puteh Hassan in Kedah, the worsening weather patterns and recurring disease outbreaks have made harvests increasingly uncertain. "There was one season we were badly hit (by bacterial blight). We lost 60 per cent of our paddy. When it (blight) strikes, there's nothing inside (the paddy husks)... it's empty,' she said over the phone. Zulkifli's research, should it be allowed to continue, may be able to save Puteh's paddy field from another disastrous attack. But the issue putting the research in limbo is whether current regulations on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) should apply to GE crops or not. Unlike genetically modified organisms, GE crops do not contain foreign DNA, such as Bt corn, which has the DNA from the bacterium Bacillus Thuringiensis to make it pest-resistant. Instead, they involve precise deletions or tweaks to existing genes a process some researchers argue is closer to accelerated natural selection. As such, scientists and biotechnologists argue they cannot be judged according to the same standards. So far, the regulatory framework has not caught up. Malaysia's Biosafety Act 2007 governs GMOs but when the law was passed, there was no CRISPR technology or any effective way to edit the genome. The scientists are in a quandary - they are doing ground-breaking work with the potential to help the nation feed its people, but will their GE rice even see the light of day? Bernama contacted the National Biosafety Board (NBB) for clarification but the board did not respond before press time. THE YELLOW FIELDS Puteh remembers the season her paddy fields turned yellow. Born in Kedah and raised by paddy farmers, she then married a paddy farmer. Managing her own paddy field for the past 15 years, Puteh has seen plenty of bad years. But she still remembers when the blight wiped out almost all of her income in 2019. "It was terrible. I lost one tonne of paddy that season," she said. She had hoped the ensuing seasons would be better but she found that her yields either improved marginally or got worse. In recent years, extreme temperatures and sudden floods have become more common. "Climate change is really bad now; all kinds of natural disasters, rain, then, water shortages,' she said. On top of that, blight is still there. Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae, spreads quickly in flooded paddies and thrives in warm, humid environments like Malaysia's. It browns and withers paddy leaves and cuts grain production, leaving farmers with rotten fields. At the same time, farmers are growing less rice. According to National Association of Smallholders Malaysia president Adzmi Hassan, many smallholders have shifted to more lucrative crops like oil palm. "Have you ever heard of paddy as a commodity that can increase income for small businesses?' he asked. "But we eat rice. There is demand for it here." He added Malaysia should not just look at technology, it should also look at enriching and encouraging paddy farmers to grow the staple crop. One way would be to ensure there is a consistent and predictable yield year by year. For two years in a row, beginning in the 2023/24 season, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) had predicted Malaysia's rice production would be below average. At Mardi's research centre, the GE padi stands as a potential solution. Until they get more information, Mardi researchers are operating under the assumption that their GE rice will not be subject to the same burdensome approval process that stymied past biotech efforts involving GMO products. But, still, the fear is there. The scientists remember all too well efforts to conduct open field trials of a pesticide-resistant strain of GMO padi in Perlis in 2019. Nearby communities and environmentalists protested against holding the trials, in accordance with NBB guidelines. In the end, the project was shelved. Mardi senior research officer Dr Mohd Waznu Adlyl said Malaysia should follow Japan's and a few other countries' lead, which exempts certain gene-edited crops from GMO regulation if no foreign DNA is present. These countries treat GE crops as normal crops as the gene-editing process works just like natural mutations, only faster. He also said the benefits for the world outweighed any potential risks. "We hope this rice that we produce through gene-editing technology can somehow help our (scientists) to produce new varieties because we know, outside, there are many issues, like climate change and new emerging pests," he said. But many disagree, seeing GE foods and GMOs as the same. Third World Network biosafety programme coordinator Lim Li Ching indicated that they were prepared to protest should GE crops be allowed to stage open field trials without any oversight. "Just because we can do it doesn't mean we should," she said via Google Meet from her home in the United Kingdom. While CRISPR technology may work within a plant's own genome, she warned that it can bypass the slow, regulated nature of evolutionary change - introducing traits or gene interactions that may not have natural precedents. She added that even seemingly minor edits could cause unintended effects at the molecular level. Marrying food and technology has rarely if ever received unequivocal support from everyone. While many think the fears surrounding GMOs and now GE technology are overblown, Lim and other environmentalists insist they are not here to stymie biotechnology research or Malaysia's advancement in these sciences. CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene-editing tool that allows scientists to make precise changes to an organism's DNA. In plants, the process involves several steps, including causing a break or deletion of a DNA strand, and allowing the plant's natural repair mechanisms to fix the break. This will hopefully result in the desired genetic change. This method enables the development of crops with improved traits, such as disease resistance, drought tolerance and increased yield, without introducing foreign DNA. Despite the supposed benefits, Lim said the benefits may turn into a curse later. "We still need to assess these crops to check for unintended impacts. That's the bare minimum,' she said. GLOBAL GE or GMO While Malaysia grapples with regulatory uncertainties, other countries are moving forward with GE crops. India has released two genome-edited rice varieties aimed at enhancing yield and resilience against environmental stresses. These varieties were developed using genome editing techniques that allow for precise modifications in the plant's DNA without introducing foreign genes. In contrast, Mexico has taken a more cautious approach. In March 2025, the Mexican government amended its constitution to prohibit the use of genetically modified corn seeds, citing concerns over biosafety and the protection of native corn varieties. The ban just applies to GMOs, however, not GE foods. For Malaysia, the adoption of GE crops like Mardi's blight-resistant rice could play a crucial role in enhancing food security. However, without clear regulatory guidelines, these innovations may remain confined to research facilities. Malaysia has set the target of a rice self-sufficiency rate of 80 per cent by 2030, but without intervention, be it via technology or other methods, the nation will likely not meet its goal anytime soon as the world experiences shocks to the supply chain, one after another. Puteh, meanwhile, said she would be interested in trying out a GE crop that is resistant to blight. "But we need to have discussions first. It may not be suitable for our soil here or the costs may be high. But if it's blight-resistant, we are willing to try," she said. - BERNAMA


The Star
a day ago
- The Star
Bleached reefs signal ecological, economic alarm
Sea rainforests: Coral reefs play a vital role in coastal protection, acting as natural breakwaters in reducing the impact of strong waves and preventing coastal erosion. — AFP PETALING JAYA: Coral reefs, often known as rainforests of the sea, are more than just a haven for marine biodiversity. They play a vital role in coastal protection, acting as natural breakwaters in reducing the impact of strong waves and preventing coastal erosion. 'For many coastal communities and islands in Malaysia, reefs are also the backbone of marine ecotourism, supporting livelihoods through diving, snorkelling and nature-based tourism,' said Assoc Prof Dr Tan Chun Hong of Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). The research fellow at UMT's Institute of Oceanography and Environment said reefs support a vast array of marine life, providing essential nursery grounds, feeding areas and shelter for countless species. He said bleached reefs result in more than just losing their vibrant colours. 'Prolonged bleaching can lead to mass coral mortality, weakening the entire marine food web. 'Fish populations decline, especially species that depend directly on healthy coral for food and habitat. 'The loss of coral reefs also reduces Malaysia's resilience to storms and rising sea levels, putting coastal communities at greater risk,' he said. Tan said the recovery of bleached coral reefs depends on their resilience. 'Under ideal conditions, some resilient coral species can start showing signs of recovery within a few months. 'However, full ecosystem recovery can take up to 10 to 15 years, and in some cases, even longer,' he said. He said the mass bleaching across Malaysian waters last year was not just a scientific concern but also an ecological, economic and social crisis. 'The best remedy is prevention by reducing global warming and local stressors before the next mass bleaching event strikes,' he added. He said Malaysia must ramp up its transition to renewable energy, enforce carbon reduction commitments, and integrate marine ecosystems into climate resilience strategies. Tan also proposed stronger enforcement in marine protected areas (MPAs), including integrating coral reef protection into national climate policies, prioritising early warning systems for bleaching, promoting sustainable fishing, and reducing marine litter. 'If we protect coral reefs, we are also protecting fisheries, coastal communities, and future generations from the escalating impacts of a warming planet. 'The fight against coral bleaching is also a fight against climate change,' he said. Aquatic biologist Dr Ahmad Syafiq Ahmad Nasir said mass coral bleaching was mostly due to climate change and ocean warming that is heavily driven by global warming, while intensified marine heatwaves are linked to El Nino and greenhouse gas emissions. 'This produces prolonged elevated sea temperatures that disrupt the symbiotic relationship between corals and their algae, triggering widespread bleaching,' he said. Ahmad, a senior lecturer at the Aquatic Resource Science and Management Programme at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, said bleaching was also accelerated by increased human activity after the lifting of Covid-19 lockdowns. He said the rise in unregulated and unsustainable tourism had overwhelmed reefs in areas like Redang island in Terengganu and Tunku Abdul Rahman Park in Sabah, with divers possibly causing damage by trampling on them and anchor scarring. 'Pollution has also promoted harmful algal blooms and reduced water quality. 'Illegal dynamite fishing and overfishing further degrade coral structures and disrupt ecological balance, making reefs more vulnerable,' he added. Ahmad said the loss of coral reefs impacts interconnected systems like mangroves and seagrass, which depend on healthy reef dynamics to grow. He also called for improved enforcement in MPAs nationwide to ensure protected areas are well managed while also shifting away from mass tourism to lower-impact ecotourism.


New Straits Times
3 days ago
- New Straits Times
Experts call for relook on local STEM education as US tightens foreign student policies
KUALA LUMPUR: The tightening of foreign student policies in the United States may have disrupted the study plans of many worldwide, but Malaysian experts say this is an opportunity to relook at support and funding for local institutions. Former deputy higher education director-general Professor Datuk Dr Noor Azizi Ismail said with the right ecosystem, greater autonomy and stronger funding, local universities could offer high-quality education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) subjects. "We have the talent. Many of our academics are graduates of world-class universities, but they also possess a better understanding of our local context," he said to the New Straits Times. Noor Azizi, who is also former UMK vice-chancellor and Malaysian Graduate School Entrepreneurship and Business lecturer, acknowledged that the US remained home to top STEM institutions like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard and Stanford. But he said the current restrictions could steer students toward equally strong alternatives. "In fact, our local universities may even be more relevant in addressing regional challenges and industry needs," Noor Azizi added. International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) principal director (Academic and Internationalisation) Professor Dr Amir Akramin Shafie echoed the view, saying that "brain stay" could strengthen domestic institutions and fill talent gaps, particularly in Malaysia's key sectors, like semiconductors and advanced manufacturing. Amir Akramin, who is also a lecturer at IIUM's Mechatronics Engineering Department, highlighted the strengths of British and Australian universities, with the former known for its excellence in fundamental sciences and engineering, while the latter led in environmental science, mining and biotechnology. "The perception that the US is the sole leader in STEM might be partially outdated," he said. Amir added that Germany, Japan and South Korea had also invested heavily in STEM education and could now offer globally respected programmes. While some students might initially struggle to shift away from the "US dream", Amir Akramin believed many would adapt and develop new preferences. "This will enhance our diversity and increase the overall international experience of our STEM workforce," he said. Both academics also said with the current US policy, the country might experience reduced exchange of ideas and fewer international collaborations, which would eventually shift the global innovation landscape away from American institutions. "On the upside, a shift from "brain drain" to "brain stay" could help Malaysia strengthen local innovation, build institutional capacity and establish itself as a regional hub for STEM education," said Noor Azizi. On May 27, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio ordered a suspension of student visa processing as President Donald Trump's administration ramped up vetting of their social media. It was the latest move after Rubio rescinded hundreds of visas and the Trump administration moved to bar Harvard from admitting non-Americans. Rubio had used an obscure law that allowed the removal of foreigners for activities deemed counter to US foreign policy interests. The most visible targets had been students involved in activism over Gaza. Trump administration officials accused the students of anti-Semitism, charges strenuously denied by a number of those targeted.