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Time of India
29 minutes ago
- Time of India
Towards an Indian GAIA-X: A civil society-led data infrastructure for democratic digital sovereignty
Nivedita is lawyer and company secretary by training and holds a masters in public policy from Princeton University's School of Public and International Affairs. Context and rationale India's digital economy is marked by increasing centralization of data and platform control, with a handful of private actors – both domestic and global – exerting monopolistic influence over critical digital infrastructure. Such a centralization of data and platform power poses the following risks: Asymmetrical power relations between platforms and users, workers, and small businesses; Lack of interoperability and open standards, stifling competition and innovation; A vacuum of public accountability in data governance frameworks. This provides the imperative for public-interest alternatives that embed democratic values into data architecture, moving away from extractive, black-box models. Enter the European Union's GAIA-X GAIA-X is a European-led initiative that seeks to create a federated, open, and interoperable data infrastructure, not controlled by any single corporation, but shaped by a consortium of governments, civil society, and enterprises. Its architecture is built on trust, transparency, portability, and open standards, enabling data sovereignty within a competitive and inclusive ecosystem. Why India needs a GAIA-X-type initiative India could benefit immensely from a similar initiative that: Redefines data governance as a public infrastructure concern, not a purely market-driven or state-controlled project. Provides neutral digital infrastructure for small businesses, cooperatives, nonprofits, and worker platforms—who are otherwise dependent on Big Tech platforms with exploitative terms. Establishes certifiable, independently governed protocols for data interoperability, portability, and privacy. Supports community data stewardship models, particularly in agriculture, health, urban governance, and employment. Current landscape: Are there Indian equivalents? India has witnessed a few attempts that are fragmented, top-down approaches toward data infrastructure. These include: IndiaStack (Aadhaar, DigiLocker, UPI): A state-led, centralized digital identity and service delivery stack. While innovative, its control rests heavily with the state and lacks independent governance mechanisms. Data empowerment and protection architecture (DEPA) : A promising but framework to enable user-consented data sharing via Account Aggregators. While DEPA introduces a federated structure, its current applications are mainly on financial and health data, and operational control is largely private-sector-led. ONDC (open network for digital commerce) : A government-backed initiative to create an open, interoperable network for e-commerce. It promotes decentralization, but lacks strong civil society or worker group participation in governance. IndiaAI and India datasets program : These lean toward centralized curation and monetization of public data rather than enabling democratic participation or enforcing open standards. Thus, India does not yet have an equivalent to GAIA-X—a multi-stakeholder, independently governed, and open protocol-based public data infrastructure initiative. Challenges to GAIA-X model adoption in India Political-Economic Barriers : India's data governance model currently favors state centralization and techno-solutionism, rather than decentralization or cooperative ownership models. There is limited institutional support for civil society-led standard setting, especially in digital infrastructure. Market Resistance . Dominant platforms will resist interoperability and open protocols, as these reduce vendor lock-in and profit margins. The political economy of 'free' services has deeply entrenched monopolistic platforms. Policy & legislative incoherence . Fragmented digital policies and industry favourable laws (e.g., IT Rules, DPDP Act, data localization mandates) lack a unified framework to support open, federated architectures. Enabling frameworks: Legal and policy levers Despite the challenges, India has potential legal scaffolding to enable a GAIA-X-style initiative: Framework Relevance Digital personal data protection (DPDP) act, 2023 Offers a legal basis for data processing and protection; can be expanded to mandate data portability and interoperability. Competition act (2002, amended 2023) The CCI has started investigating digital market dominance; this momentum can be leveraged to promote pro-competitive, open data infrastructures. National data governance framework policy (2022 Draft) Proposes non-personal data governance, though still state-centric; can be reformed to include public-interest data trusts and open standards. Open network for digital commerce (ONDC) Offers a template for open protocol development and federated governance—yet needs broader civil society participation and legal anchoring. Path forward To adapt the GAIA-X model in India, the following steps are essential: Convene a civil society-led coalition (legal experts, technologists, nonprofit actors, worker representatives) to define open standards for key data sectors (health, mobility, education, etc.). Pilot sector-specific data commons under democratic governance structures—e.g., worker-owned mobility platforms or farmer-led agri-data cooperatives. Advocate for amendments in DPDP rules and sectoral data policies to recognize open, federated data infrastructures as essential public utilities. Push for independent regulators or data stewardship boards that certify and enforce compliance with open standards, fair data sharing practices, and privacy by design. Engage with global counterparts (e.g., GAIA-X, Solid, DECODE) to build international solidarity for decentralized, democratic digital futures. Conclusion India's digital future must not be confined to binaries of state control vs. corporate monopolies. A third path—rooted in open standards, participatory governance, and legal accountability—is both possible and necessary. As Pacta's research argues, structural reforms in the platform economy must be matched by technical infrastructure that redistributes power, not just data. A GAIA-X-like initiative in India can catalyze this shift, provided it is civil society–led, independently governed, and legally embedded in constitutional values of equality, privacy, and access. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Disclaimer Views expressed above are the author's own.
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First Post
29 minutes ago
- First Post
European leaders to join Ukraine's Zelenskyy for White House talks with Trump
European leaders will join Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky during his visit to Washington on Monday seeking an end of war. European leaders will accompany Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy for his critical meeting with US President Donald Trump in Washington on Monday, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced Sunday. A ceasefire in Ukraine had been one of Trump's central demands ahead of his Alaska summit with Russian President Vladimir Putin, a meeting to which Ukraine and its European allies were not invited. The summit produced no breakthrough and Trump has ruled out an immediate truce. Leaders attending the Washington talks alongside Zelenskyy include German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, French President Emmanuel Macron, NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte and von der Leyen herself to press the US president on the urgency of halting hostilities. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD The European leaders' presence at Zelenskyy's side, demonstrating Europe's support for Ukraine, could potentially help ease concerns in Kyiv and in other European capitals that Zelenskyy risks being railroaded into a peace deal that Trump says he wants to broker with Russia. Von der Leyen, head of the European Union's executive branch, posted on X that 'at the request of President Zelenskyy, I will join the meeting with President Trump and other European leaders in the White House tomorrow.' The Ukrainian president's last Oval Office visit in February ended in an extraordinary shouting match, with Trump and Vice President JD Vance publicly berating Zelensky for not showing enough gratitude for US aid. In an interview with broadcaster Fox News after his sit-down with Putin, Trump had suggested that the onus was now on Zelensky to secure a peace deal as they work towards an eventual trilateral summit with Putin. 'It's really up to President Zelensky to get it done,' Trump said. Meanwhile, the conflict in Ukraine rages on, with both Kyiv and Moscow launching attack drones at each other Sunday. With inputs from agencies


Indian Express
29 minutes ago
- Indian Express
European leaders to join Ukraine's Zelenskyy for White House meeting with Trump
European and NATO leaders will join Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy for his crucial meeting with President Donald Trump, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said on Sunday. The move in relation to the key White House meeting on Monday is an apparent effort to prevent a repeat of the heated encounter Zelenskyy faced when he met Trump in the Oval Office in February. The European leaders' presence at Zelenskyy's side, demonstrating Europe's support for Ukraine, could potentially help ease concerns in Kyiv and in other European capitals that Zelenskyy risks being railroaded into a peace deal that Trump says he wants to broker with Russia. Von der Leyen, head of the European Union's executive branch, posted on X that 'at the request of President Zelenskyy, I will join the meeting with President Trump and other European leaders in the White House tomorrow.' In a quick succession Sunday, a stream of European leaders also announced that they'll be going. They included French President Emmanuel Macron, the chancellor of Germany, Friedrich Merz, and the secretary general of the NATO military alliance, Mark Rutte. The grouped trip underscored European leaders' determination to ensure that Europe has a voice in Trump's attempted peace-making, after the U.S. president's summit on Friday with Russian leader Vladimir Putin — to which Zelenskyy wasn't invited.