Fighting antimicrobial resistance with insect-based livestock feed
Traditional livestock production systems have severe environmental consequences, including high greenhouse gas emissions, extensive land and water use, and risk of fostering antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Together with the steadily rising demand for nutrition, global and regional food systems have been exploring alternative ways to sustainably maintain their supply chains. Insect-based feed has emerged as one promising candidate.
The Indian Council of Agriculture (ICAR) and its affiliated centres have already been strengthening the adoption of insect-based feeds in the country. In March 2023, the ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA) signed an MoU with Ultra Nutri India, Pvt. Ltd. to explore the possibility of using insect-based feed in aquaculture. The aim was to use black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as an ingredient in aqua-feed to improve growth and immunity.
In June 2024, CIBA and Loopworm, a Bengaluru-based manufacturer of insect-based proteins and fats, inked another MoU to evaluate the use of insect-based feed products in shrimp and Asian seabass. In January 2025, the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute confirmed a formal MoU with Coimbatore-based Bhairav Renderers.
AMR and livestock production
Animal husbandry accounts for more than half of all antibiotic use around the world and is expected to increase to 200,000 tonnes by 2030, up 53% from 2013. Over the last 70 years, antimicrobial compounds have been becoming embedded in livestock feed. They are used to treat diseases as well as to boost growth, in turn raising productivity.
The excessive or inappropriate use of antibiotics in this regard can lead to AMR, which endangers public health. Traces of antibiotics left behind in the intestinal environments of livestock impose selective pressure for bacteria in the gut to acquire and maintain antibiotic resistance genes. These genes replicate when they are expelled into the surrounding environment, such as soil or water, increasing the possibility of human exposure, especially for those who work in agriculture.
It has been projected that the number of deaths worldwide from antibiotic-resistant infections will increase from 700,000 a year in 2014 to 10 million by 2050.
The increasing demand for proteins of animal origin has in turn increased the costs of production and has encouraged farming practices to intensify. Ultimately, farmers are forced to use non-essential antibiotics to boost growth. The use of such antibiotics remains mostly unregulated in many countries, especially in LMICs.
The type and frequency of antibiotic-based animal feed consumption differs across continents and depends highly on socioeconomic conditions, regional demand and production, farming systems, and the national legislative framework. Some common antibiotics in use as feedstock in LMICs are chloramphenicol, tylosin, and TCN (a powdered mixture of oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, and neomycin); developed countries have banned their use. In humans, over-exposure to these drugs can eventually increase the risk of kidney disease, cancers, and aplastic anaemia.
These realities prompted researchers to explore the use of insect-based feed to keep AMR at bay. As of today, 40 countries have accepted and issued regulations to use insect-based feed for animals. Examples of such insects include black soldier flies, house flies (Musca domestica), compost worm (Perionyx excavatus), grasshoppers (Locusts), small mealworms (Alphitobius), house crickets (Acheta localus), tropical crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus), and Jamaican field crickets (Gryllus assimilis).
Pros of insect-based livestock feed
Insects are nutritious and are healthy additions to human and animal diet. They are good sources of fats, proteins, fibres, and micronutrients like zinc, calcium, and iron. In their natural habitat, both aquatic and terrestrial animals eat insects. Rearing insects emits less greenhouse gases than rearing other sources of animal protein. In most cases, insects are raised on organic waste because they can quickly transform low-grade waste into high-grade crude proteins, fats, and energy. For example, to generate the same quantity of proteins, crickets consume 12-times less feed than cattle. Rearing insects also requires fewer resources, especially land and water, compared to other livestock production enterprises.
Insect-based livestock feed is also an attractive option because of its lower overall cost and the ease with which producing it can be made a sustainable activity. In other words, such feed has a better benefit-to-cost ratio in terms of production cost.
In fact, some studies have shown that the use of insect-based feed can be even more cost-effective because it provides better digestible proteins than fishmeal- or soybean-based feeds. For example, per one estimate, one kilogram of fish meal can be replaced with 0.76 g of crickets (75% crude proteins), 0.81 g of termites or silkworms (70%), 0.85 g of black soldier flies (66%), 0.91 g of locusts or yellow mealworms (60%), and 950 g of mopane worms (56%). Similarly, one kilogram of soybean meal (49% crude proteins) can be replaced with 0.74 g, 0.79 g, 0.83 g, 0.89 g, and 930 g of the same insect species, respectively.
The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that food production will have to be increased by 70% by 2050 (with meat production expected to double) to meet the world's demand. Unregulated and excessive use of non-essential antibiotics increases the risk of environmental antibiotic-resistant genes in livestock farms. Research has outlined the potential for insect-based feed to become a climate-smart alternative to conventional feed because of its ability to shrink the environmental footprint of livestock farming.
At the macroscopic level, the ICAR is still streamlining research and collaboration on insect-based feeds; all the same, efforts should be made at the system's periphery to raise awareness. Given its advantages for the environment, biology, and economy, insect-based feed stands to be a crucial component of livestock production.
Irfan Shakeer is an epidemiologist at Clarivate India. Iswarya Lakshmi is senior research associate, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bengaluru.
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
Time of India
3 hours ago
- Time of India
Which magnesium supplement is the BEST? A US doctor reveals
Navigating the world of magnesium supplements can be confusing, but understanding the different types is key. Gastroenterologist Dr. Joseph Salhab recommends magnesium glycinate for its bioavailability and benefits for anxiety, sleep, and muscle cramps. While magnesium oxide is poorly absorbed, other forms like citrate, L-threonate, and malate offer specific advantages, depending on individual needs. Which magnesium supplement is #1? If you have been tossing magnesium supplements into your cart without a second thought, you might be pinching your pocket, that too without any results. Choosing the right magnesium supplement is crucial because not all magnesium is absorbed the same way. Whether you are getting it to improve sleep, anxiety relief, muscle cramps, or overall wellness, choosing the wrong type could mean zero results. So, which magnesium supplement actually works? Well, let's turn to the experts for the solution. Dr. Joseph Salhab, a Florida-based gastroenterologist specializing in digestion, liver, pancreas, and nutrition, breaks it all down and reveals the most effective, science-backed option that really delivers. The role of magnesium Magnesium is an essential mineral that is responsible for over 300 bodily functions. Despite its importance, the role of magnesium is often overlooked, resulting in an estimated 15-20% magnesium deficiency even in developed countries. From calming the nerves after a long day to helping you sleep better, feel more energized, and keep your heart healthy, magnesium is essential for many vital functions of the body. A deficiency in this nutrient can lead to symptoms like fatigue, muscle cramps, and anxiety. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Tabletă Puternică la Preț Incredibil - Oferta Limitată! LUO Cumpără acum Undo When you cannot get the nutrients adequately through dietary intake, supplementation might be required. Dr. Salhab says that the best choice really depends on individual health needs. Let's take a look. Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide is a common supplement. However, the doctor says that he does not recommend it, due to its limited effectiveness. It is an inorganic salt of magnesium formed with ions of magnesium and oxygen. This over-the-counter supplement is used to treat constipation, indigestion, and headaches. 'It's poorly absorbed and mainly used for really bad constipation, so I don't recommend using this for other than that,' the gut doctor said, in a video shared on Instagram. Magnesium citrate One of the more common magnesium supplements, this is taken orally to replenish low magnesium levels. It also has a laxative effect, hence sometimes used in higher doses to treat constipation. 'It's better absorbed, it gives a more gentle laxative effect, and this one's often used for supplementation,' the doctor shares. Magnesium glycinate (Pic courtesy: iStock) This supplement is formed from elemental magnesium and the amino acid glycine. Glycine is linked with improved sleep and is also effective for treating certain inflammatory conditions, including heart disease and diabetes. 'I personally take this one. It's really bioavailable, it's gentle on the stomach, and it's great for anxiety, sleep, and muscle cramps,' the doctor said. Salman Khan Drops Health Bombshell on National TV Magnesium L-threonate Magnesium L-threonate is often marketed for cognitive benefits, such as improved focus and memory, and to manage certain conditions, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, and age-related memory loss. However, Dr. Salhab cautions that 'the evidence is limited.' More studies are needed to prove its effectiveness. Magnesium malate Magnesium malate has malic acid, which is well absorbed by the digestive tract. 'This one's used for muscle pain and fatigue, and it's slightly stimulating, so it's best not to use this one at bedtime,' the doctor suggested. One step to a healthier you—join Times Health+ Yoga and feel the change
The Hindu
5 hours ago
- The Hindu
Fighting antimicrobial resistance with insect-based livestock feed
Traditional livestock production systems have severe environmental consequences, including high greenhouse gas emissions, extensive land and water use, and risk of fostering antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Together with the steadily rising demand for nutrition, global and regional food systems have been exploring alternative ways to sustainably maintain their supply chains. Insect-based feed has emerged as one promising candidate. The Indian Council of Agriculture (ICAR) and its affiliated centres have already been strengthening the adoption of insect-based feeds in the country. In March 2023, the ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA) signed an MoU with Ultra Nutri India, Pvt. Ltd. to explore the possibility of using insect-based feed in aquaculture. The aim was to use black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as an ingredient in aqua-feed to improve growth and immunity. In June 2024, CIBA and Loopworm, a Bengaluru-based manufacturer of insect-based proteins and fats, inked another MoU to evaluate the use of insect-based feed products in shrimp and Asian seabass. In January 2025, the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute confirmed a formal MoU with Coimbatore-based Bhairav Renderers. AMR and livestock production Animal husbandry accounts for more than half of all antibiotic use around the world and is expected to increase to 200,000 tonnes by 2030, up 53% from 2013. Over the last 70 years, antimicrobial compounds have been becoming embedded in livestock feed. They are used to treat diseases as well as to boost growth, in turn raising productivity. The excessive or inappropriate use of antibiotics in this regard can lead to AMR, which endangers public health. Traces of antibiotics left behind in the intestinal environments of livestock impose selective pressure for bacteria in the gut to acquire and maintain antibiotic resistance genes. These genes replicate when they are expelled into the surrounding environment, such as soil or water, increasing the possibility of human exposure, especially for those who work in agriculture. It has been projected that the number of deaths worldwide from antibiotic-resistant infections will increase from 700,000 a year in 2014 to 10 million by 2050. The increasing demand for proteins of animal origin has in turn increased the costs of production and has encouraged farming practices to intensify. Ultimately, farmers are forced to use non-essential antibiotics to boost growth. The use of such antibiotics remains mostly unregulated in many countries, especially in LMICs. The type and frequency of antibiotic-based animal feed consumption differs across continents and depends highly on socioeconomic conditions, regional demand and production, farming systems, and the national legislative framework. Some common antibiotics in use as feedstock in LMICs are chloramphenicol, tylosin, and TCN (a powdered mixture of oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, and neomycin); developed countries have banned their use. In humans, over-exposure to these drugs can eventually increase the risk of kidney disease, cancers, and aplastic anaemia. These realities prompted researchers to explore the use of insect-based feed to keep AMR at bay. As of today, 40 countries have accepted and issued regulations to use insect-based feed for animals. Examples of such insects include black soldier flies, house flies (Musca domestica), compost worm (Perionyx excavatus), grasshoppers (Locusts), small mealworms (Alphitobius), house crickets (Acheta localus), tropical crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus), and Jamaican field crickets (Gryllus assimilis). Pros of insect-based livestock feed Insects are nutritious and are healthy additions to human and animal diet. They are good sources of fats, proteins, fibres, and micronutrients like zinc, calcium, and iron. In their natural habitat, both aquatic and terrestrial animals eat insects. Rearing insects emits less greenhouse gases than rearing other sources of animal protein. In most cases, insects are raised on organic waste because they can quickly transform low-grade waste into high-grade crude proteins, fats, and energy. For example, to generate the same quantity of proteins, crickets consume 12-times less feed than cattle. Rearing insects also requires fewer resources, especially land and water, compared to other livestock production enterprises. Insect-based livestock feed is also an attractive option because of its lower overall cost and the ease with which producing it can be made a sustainable activity. In other words, such feed has a better benefit-to-cost ratio in terms of production cost. In fact, some studies have shown that the use of insect-based feed can be even more cost-effective because it provides better digestible proteins than fishmeal- or soybean-based feeds. For example, per one estimate, one kilogram of fish meal can be replaced with 0.76 g of crickets (75% crude proteins), 0.81 g of termites or silkworms (70%), 0.85 g of black soldier flies (66%), 0.91 g of locusts or yellow mealworms (60%), and 950 g of mopane worms (56%). Similarly, one kilogram of soybean meal (49% crude proteins) can be replaced with 0.74 g, 0.79 g, 0.83 g, 0.89 g, and 930 g of the same insect species, respectively. The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that food production will have to be increased by 70% by 2050 (with meat production expected to double) to meet the world's demand. Unregulated and excessive use of non-essential antibiotics increases the risk of environmental antibiotic-resistant genes in livestock farms. Research has outlined the potential for insect-based feed to become a climate-smart alternative to conventional feed because of its ability to shrink the environmental footprint of livestock farming. At the macroscopic level, the ICAR is still streamlining research and collaboration on insect-based feeds; all the same, efforts should be made at the system's periphery to raise awareness. Given its advantages for the environment, biology, and economy, insect-based feed stands to be a crucial component of livestock production. Irfan Shakeer is an epidemiologist at Clarivate India. Iswarya Lakshmi is senior research associate, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bengaluru.
Time of India
10 hours ago
- Time of India
Crunchy culprit: Study shows how to tackle acrylamide in French fries
Ahmedabad: That satisfying crunch in French fries and toasted sandwiches might be coming at a hidden cost. The crunch is attributed to a substance identified as acrylamide, which gives the distinct brown colour to deep-fried foods. According to several studies, the substance is linked to various gastrointestinal (GI) issues and can even lead to cancer if consumed very frequently. Research carried out at IIT Gandhinagar (IIT-Gn) addressed the issue by using amino acid adducts (AAA). The findings were published in the form of a paper titled 'Sequestration of acrylamide as amino acid-acrylamide adducts mitigates cellular stress in human gastrointestinal cell lines' recently in the journal, Food and Function, of the UK-based Royal Society of Chemistry. The authors were Axita Patel and Prof Bhaskar Datta. "Starchy foods exposed to frying, baking or roasting are vulnerable to forming acrylamide through a chemical reaction between a natural sugar (glucose) and an amino acid (asparagine). This reaction is identified as the Maillard reaction. Acrylamide is commonly found in fried potato products (French fries, chips), biscuits, toast, cookies and coffee, to name a few," said Prof Datta. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Irish homeowners eligible for solar 'bonus' if they live in these eircodes Activ8 Learn More Undo "Before its association with food, it was always associated with the chemical industry as a versatile petrochemical. " The researchers said that the rise in foods prepared at high temperatures has resulted in higher exposure to acrylamide. Acrylamide's toxic effects create oxidative stress, which affects cells in the GI tract, causing inflammation, tissue damage and even cancer. Prof Datta said that to counter acrylamide, they employed AAA. The interaction of AAA as a 'treatment agent' indicated significantly lower production of acrylamide. The team used amino acids lysine, glycine, cysteine and methionine to form stable adducts to capture acrylamide. The team is also working on sprinkle-type formulations that can be applied to raw potatoes before frying. "The study opens a new way to look at 'capturing' acrylamide to reduce its harmful effects through specific amino acids and also underlines the reason for avoiding fried starchy food not only for cholesterol but also for acrylamide. Regular consumption of antioxidants is also important," said Prof Datta. He gave a practical tip to French fries enthusiasts. "As evident in our work, a simple blanching of potatoes (briefly submerged in very hot water and then quickly cooled in ice water) before they are fried can reduce the acrylamide content," he said.
