Explainer: How a single paperwork error got 15 Indian mango shipments rejected by the US and left exporters furious
Exporters say mangoes were treated as required
The mangoes were subjected to irradiation — a standard treatment meant to remove pests and satisfy US import requirements — at a USDA-approved facility in Navi Mumbai on May 8 and 9. Exporters stated that the treatment was completed under the supervision of a US Department of Agriculture (USDA) officer and that the mandatory PPQ203 form, which certifies this process, was issued.
One exporter said the USDA officer issues the PPQ203 only after the treatment is confirmed. 'If the treatment was not conducted, how did we get the form and clearance to ship?' he asked.
Incorrect paperwork cited as cause for rejection
Despite the completed treatment, US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) denied the mangoes entry, citing errors in the PPQ203 certification. According to a USDA communication sent to one of the exporters, the form was 'incorrectly issued' and the shipment 'must be re-exported or destroyed.' The USDA also clarified that it would not cover the costs of either re-export or disposal.
Given the perishable nature of mangoes and high freight costs, exporters chose to destroy the shipments in the US.
Responsibility shifted to irradiation facility
Exporters insist the problem lies with the facility managed by the Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board (MSAMB), where the irradiation was conducted. 'There were no pests. The paperwork problem occurred at the irradiation centre,' one exporter explained, adding that they were being held accountable for a process they did not control.
The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), which falls under India's commerce ministry, acknowledged the issue but referred all questions to MSAMB, stating that the matter falls under its jurisdiction. MSAMB has not yet responded to the requests for clarification.
Wider implications amid ongoing trade talks
The US continues to be the primary destination for Indian mango exports. Rejections over procedural errors during the peak season have highlighted challenges in trade execution. This comes as the two countries are working to finalise a broader trade agreement. While the US claims that India has proposed a deal with virtually no tariffs, Indian authorities have offered limited comment on that front. According to The Economic Times, the first phase of the trade deal is expected to be concluded in the coming months.
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