
Herb we all have linked to Alzheimer's protection and better memory
An everyday herb could be key to treating Alzheimer's, as research shows the build-up of proteins associated with the disease were reduced by a plant compound. The herb can help to regenerate synapses in the brain and also it lowers inflammation and alleviates oxidative stress.
The fragrant herb has shown promising results in treating Alzheimer's disease - and scientists are hoping further research and clinical trials of the plant could offer a new approach to treating the disease in the future. The Mediterranean herb commonly grows throughout the UK and you probably already have some in your kitchen cabinet.
Rosemary has been praised for hundreds of years for its properties, the ancient Greeks spoke of its powerful effect on the brain and body.
An old-English saying from 1607, by Doctor of Divinity, Roger Hacket said: "Speaking of the powers of rosemary, it overtoppeth all the flowers in the garden, boasting man's rule. It helpeth the brain, strengtheneth the memorie, and is very medicinable for the head.'
Roll on to the here and now and researchers in California have synthesized a new chemical compound, a stable derivative of rosemary and sage plants, and say it has already given encouraging results in mice in the fight against to Alzheimer's symptoms.
The compound is found naturally in the herbs, with the dried leaves of rosemary and sage containing up to to 2.5 percent of carnosic acid.
Carnosic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties but its pure form is unstable. Now, in this new approach, researchers have carried out a study with the newly-created stable derivative that has been tested on mice carrying an Alzheimer's gene.
Results from the study found when mice received the adapted stable compound, they had reduced inflammation and memory was boosted.
The mice also had more neuron synapses (nerve signals being transmitted) and there was more removal of toxic proteins (toxic proteins have been linked to Alzheimer's).
The excessive build-up of proteins associated with Alzheimer's were reduced in the brains of the mice - with no toxic effects recorded. The process combatted inflammation and oxidative stress as well as generating synapses in the brain.
Rosemary also helps to stimulate blood circulation which helps to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the brain and other organs, which could be another reason why this herb is helpful for the human body and mind.
The herb is anti-inflammatory as well as being an antioxidant (removing damaging oxidation in the cells) and this is largely prompted by the carnosic acid in the plant. So whether it's the fresh herb or a dried version - rosemary could be a helpful addition to your daily diet.

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Daily Mail
11 hours ago
- Daily Mail
What is CTE? Doctors explain brain disorder New York shooter Shane Tamura claimed to have
The suspected shooter who killed four people in a Manhattan skyscraper Monday claimed to suffer from the brain disease Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, or CTE, which experts say could explain his violent behavior. Shane Tamura, 27, is accused of driving from Las Vegas to New York City, entering an office building that houses major financial firms and the National Football League and killing four people before shooting himself. In a suicide note Tamura reportedly had in his pocket, he criticized the NFL and claimed to suffer from CTE, which is most commonly seen in athletes who have suffered repeat concussions and brain injuries, causing permanent brain damage. Tamura was once a talented football player and his note, revealed by a source to CNN, stated: 'Terry Long football gave me CTE and it caused me to drink a gallon of antifreeze,' referring to the former NFL player who was diagnosed with CTE and died by suicide after drinking antifreeze in 2005. Authorities have also said Tamura, 27, had a 'documented mental health history' and in the car he was seen exiting before the shooting, they found cannabis and Zoloft, an antidepressant. Studies of American football players have revealed the consequences of repeated head trauma and traumatic brain injuries, including aggression, depression, impulsivity, psychosis, cognitive confusion, and premature death. However, the only way to diagnose CTE is by an autopsy after a person has died, so there is no way to know if the alleged shooter had the condition. Tamura's suicide note said he wanted his brain to be studied Dr Keith Vossel, a neurologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, told 'Often, criminality is not really common with most of the neurodegenerative diseases - criminality or homicidal or suicidal behaviors - but they can occur.' And while not all CTE sufferers will become homicidal or suicidal, those traits 'seem to be more common in the syndrome that we associate with CTE,' Dr Vossel added. Dr Vossel told this website: 'We're pretty sure that CTE is associated with impulsivity, sometimes suicidality, other mental health issues, due to strong association studies. 'It's really difficult to currently definitively prove the connection, but I think we're on the right track.' Dr Harrison Martland, a clinical pathologist, first named the condition 'punch drunk' in 1928, as it was more commonly seen in men who had entered and left the boxing arena multiple times. Since then, research and understanding of the condition have evolved. Doctors have determined that repeated blows to the head generate tau, a small protein found in brain cells that can break off and cause harmful tangles. But there is no test to screen for CTE in living patients, and symptoms often mimic those of Alzheimer's, PTSD, or Parkinson's. Tamura was a former high school football player who left a note in his pocket blaming his actions and mental health crisis on CTE. 'Study my brain please,' the note said. 'I'm sorry.' Dr Carole Lieberman, a board-certified psychiatrist, told 'What stands out in this case is how the NYC gunman chose to shoot himself in the chest rather than the head. 'This highly unusual decision suggests he wanted his brain preserved for autopsy, strongly indicating he believed he had CTE and wanted it confirmed.' To determine CTE in deceased brains researchers look for a buildup of tau in certain parts, including the frontal lobe, which plays a crucial role in problem-solving, self control, emotion regulation, impulsivity, and aggressive behavior. It is not known when, or if, an autopsy will be performed on Tamura. 'We know from other degenerative diseases like frontotemporal dementia that when the tau accumulates in regions that control our impulsivity and our social decorum… that can be associated with changes in personality and it can result in behaviors that can be disturbing for those around them,' Dr Vossel said. A 2024 study of nearly 2,000 former football players conducted by Harvard Medical School found that 34 percent think they have CTE, reporting more cognitive problems, depression, suicidal thoughts, chronic pain, and other issues not reported by people who did not believe they had CTE. Doctors have found that hundreds of football players have had CTE over the years. In 2023, the Boston University CTE Center announced that it posthumously diagnosed 345 former NFL players with chronic traumatic encephalopathy out of 376 retired players studied, equating to about 92 percent. Dr Vossel added that not all CTE sufferers become homicidal, but the disease does lead to major personality changes: 'Some people might start with more memory issues, and it's maybe a different rate of decline. 'It could be slower, and it could be older people, and they could look like they have Alzheimer's disease.' He continued: 'And then these more striking cases, the mental health issues tend to be occurring in younger people in whom it might be more difficult to disentangle any pre-existing mental health issue from CTE-related changes.' In the past, NFL athletes who have taken their own lives or those of others have been confirmed post-mortem to have had CTE. Several former players, including Dave Duerson and Junior Seau, died by suicide using firearms. Duerson and Seau intentionally shot themselves in the chest, like Tamura. Both former athletes were later diagnosed with CTE. Kansas City Chiefs linebacker Jovan Belcher shot and killed his girlfriend before driving to Arrowhead Stadium and taking his own life in front of his coach and general manager. According to a post-mortem report, Belcher's brain showed signs of CTE. And former New England Patriots player Aaron Hernandez was diagnosed with late-stage CTE after his 2017 suicide. He had been convicted of murder, having killed Odin Lloyd, a semi-pro football player, in 2015. In the final years, Hernandez became increasingly paranoid, convinced that people were out to kill him. Dr Lieberman said: 'The connection between neurological injury and sudden acts of violence should not be underestimated.' It is unclear whether Tamura suffered from symptoms linked to CTE, such as cognitive issues. And a post-mortem won't be able to detect if he also had a mental health condition, like depression, or separate any mental health issues he was contending with from symptoms, and consequences, of CTE. Dr Lieberman added: 'Clinical signs, such as mood instability, paranoia, aggression, and suicidal ideation, combined with a history of repeated head trauma, often point to it.


The Independent
12 hours ago
- The Independent
What is CTE? Condition claimed by Manhattan NFL skyscraper shooter that 1/3 of former players fear they have
Shane Tamura, the 27-year-old gunman who fatally shot 36-year-old New York City police officer Didarul Islam and several others in a New York City skyscraper on Monday, was reportedly found dead with a note claiming that football had given him chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE. In it, he addressed former Pittsburgh Steelers player Terry Long, who was diagnosed with the neurodegenerative disease. Long drank a bottle of antifreeze to commit suicide in 2005, with doctors at the time attributing depression associated with the condition as a factor in his death. 'Terry Long, football gave me CTE and it caused me to drink a gallon of antifreeze,' the note said, according to reports from The New York Post. 'Please study brain for CTE. I'm sorry. The league knowingly concealed the dangers to our brains to maximize profits,' he wrote. 'They failed us.' On Tuesday, New York City Mayor Eric Adams told CNN that the city's medical examiner would determine the next steps for Tamura's body, including whether his brain would be tested for CTE. The mayor said earlier in the day that the attack was ' focused on the NFL, ' with the league confirming that one staffer had been hospitalized in the attack. But, what is CTE and how many people are affected? Here's what to know. What is CTE? CTE is a brain disorder that's been linked to repeated concussions and traumatic brain injuries. Symptoms include memory loss, problems with attention, mood disturbances, impaired judgment, poor muscle coordination, and suicidal thoughts, according to Harvard Medical School. While physical and speech therapy can be used to help, there is no way to reverse the symptons, which gets worse over time, according to the Mayo Clinic. However, the disease can only be diagnosed after death, using an autopsy. The exact number of Americans who have had CTE remains unknown. The connection to professional sports Heightened awareness about CTE has likely led athletes in high contact sports to retire sooner than they had planned. A study of nearly 2,000 former NFL players released last year found that one in three of those surveyed believe they have the degenerative brain disease CTE. Former New England Patriots star Aaron Hernandez, who died by suicide in a Massachusetts prison in 2017, was diagnosed with CTE after his death. Brett Favre, of the Green Bay Packers, has said he believes he may have CTE, as well. Boston University announced last year that 345 former NFL players, out of 376 who were studied, had been diagnosed with CTE. Tamura never featured in the NFL, but was a standout high school player, according to The LA Times. 'We know from conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, these neurodegenerative conditions that don't really have treatments or cures at the moment [and] that are really hard to diagnose, a lot of those conditions are associated with some suicidality and thoughts of self-harm,' Dr. Rachel Grashow, of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, previously told The Independent. 'So, the final question we asked was, 'Do we see similar associations with our former players?' Similar research in former hockey players found that the odds of developing CTE increased by 34 percent with each year they played the sport. 'Ice hockey players with longer careers not only were more likely to have CTE, but they also had more severe disease,' Dr. Jesse Mez, the co-director of clinical research at Massachusetts' Boston University CTE Center, said in a statement. CTE has also been found in the brains of people who box, according to the Mayo Clinic, in rugby players, and military veterans. How do we prevent CTE? Increased research in this area aims to address the condition. Hundreds of brain donations from athletes have helped. Better-performing helmets have helped contribute to a 25 percent reduction in concussions across the last five NFL season, according to Harvard. If you are experiencing feelings of distress, or are struggling to cope, you can speak to the Samaritans, in confidence, on 116 123 (UK and ROI), email jo@ or visit the Samaritans website to find details of your nearest branch. If you are based in the USA, and you or someone you know needs mental health assistance right now, call the National Suicide Prevention Helpline on 1-800-273-TALK (8255). This is a free, confidential crisis hotline that is available to everyone 24 hours a day, seven days a week. If you are in another country, you can go to to find a helpline near you.


The Independent
13 hours ago
- The Independent
Breakthrough study finds it takes 3.5 years to diagnose dementia after first symptoms
It takes an average of 3.5 years to diagnose patients with dementia following their first symptoms, according to researchers. Early diagnosis and intervention is crucial in managing symptoms of dementia and developing an effective treatment course. However, experts fear that delays in vital treatment may occur due to confusion over symptoms, stigma and inconsistent approaches by medical professionals, among other things. Dementia is a condition that impacts's a person's thinking, memory, and behavior. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, and more than 6 million Americans are affected by the progressive brain disorder. Symptoms include issues with memory, attention, communication, and vision problems. 'Timely diagnosis of dementia remains a major global challenge, shaped by a complex set of factors, and specific healthcare strategies are urgently needed to improve it. Other studies estimate that only 50 to 65 percent of cases are ever diagnosed in high-income countries, with many countries having even lower diagnostic rates,' Dr. Vasiliki Orgeta, an associate professor at University College London's Division of Psychiatry, said in a statement. U.K. researchers announced this week that it takes an average of more than three years to diagnose people with dementia following their first symptoms. But, early diagnosis is crucial to improve their quality of life later on (AFP via Getty Images) 'Timely diagnosis can improve access to treatments and for some people prolong the time living with mild dementia before symptoms worsen,' she added. The university's researchers also found that, for some, that diagnosis time may be even longer. For patients with early-onset dementia, it may take as long as four years. Early-onset dementia refers to dementia in someone younger than age 65. Those with frontotemporal dementia, the most common form for those under 60, are also were 'consistently associated with a longer interval to diagnosis.' The conclusions were the result of an analysis of 13 previously published international studies that reported data on 30,257 participants. The studies included medical records and interviews of patients or family members. Notably, while data on racial disparities was limited, one of the studies reviewed found that Black patients tended to experience a longer delay before diagnosis. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. Nearly seven million Americans are affected by the progressive brain disorder (Getty Images) The authors noted that missed symptoms mistaken for aging, limited access to specialist care, language differences, and low public awareness could have an impact on diagnosis time. Orgeta said that their work highlights 'the need for clear conceptual framework on time to diagnosis in dementia.' 'To speed up dementia diagnosis, we need action on multiple fronts. Public awareness campaigns can help improve understanding of early symptoms and reduce stigma, encouraging people to seek help sooner,' she said. 'Clinician training is critical to improve early recognition and referral, along with access to early intervention and individualised support so that people with dementia and their families can get the help they need.' A test has recently been developed that scientists say could predict dementia up to nine years before diagnosis, with 80 percent accuracy. The study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of global evidence examining time to diagnosis in dementia. It was published this week in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry .