What is glioma? Symptoms explained after death of young actress
Her family announced the news, having previously set up a CaringBridge page to provide updates on her condition.
Mack was known for her role as Addy in five episodes of The Walking Dead in 2019, and also appeared in 9-1-1, Chicago Med, and Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.
Glioma is the most common type of brain cancer in children and younger adults, originating in glial cells and categorized by cell type, growth potential, and aggressiveness.
Symptoms can include headaches, vision problems, and seizures, with treatment options varying from surgery to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, depending on the tumour's grade and location.
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The Sun
31 minutes ago
- The Sun
The 7 supplements to avoid in hot weather – or risk life-threatening heatstroke, second-degree burns and overdose
WHILE supplements can support our health year-round, some should be taken with caution during the summer. Increased sun exposure, heat, and even certain food and drink combinations can cause serious issues, and in severe cases, be fatal. There are several common pills, powders, oils and gummies that carry risks. These are the ones to be wary of this summer... 1. Diuretics People take diuretics, also known as water pills, primarily to reduce excess fluid in the body. They're commonly used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and oedema (swelling). But pharmacist Abbas Kanani, from Chemist Click, warns: "Diuretics help your body remove excess sodium and water, but this can lead to dehydration, especially with hot weather." Dehydration can cause a range of problems, from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening complications. Mild symptoms include headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. More seriously, it can cause low blood pressure, kidney problems, heat injuries, seizures, and even death in extreme cases. 2. St John's wort St John's wort has been used for a variety of conditions, but it is most widely promoted for symptoms of depression. However, anyone taking it should be aware that it can cause increased sensitivity to sunlight, a condition known as photosensitivity. This occurs because St John's wort (which comes in tablet, capsule, gummy, oil and powder form) contains hypericin, a substance that absorbs light in the UV and visible ranges. Mr Kanani says: "This can put people at increased risk of sunburn." Other skin reactions may include rashes and blistering, so it's especially important for individuals with fair skin or those taking large doses of the supplement to be cautious about sun exposure. Wear at least SPF30 with a UVA rating of at least four stars, reapply it every two hours, and seek shade between 11am and 3pm when the sun is hottest. 3. Vitamin D People obtain vitamin D from sunlight when ultraviolet B (UVB) rays from the sun interact with a chemical in the skin. But in the UK, the general advice is for everyone to consider taking a daily 10 microgram (400 IU) vitamin D supplement during the autumn and winter months (October to March) - when the sun's UVB rays aren't strong enough. Some people, including those who aren't often outdoors, have dark skin, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or infants and young children, may need to take a vitamin D supplement (in pill, gummy, powder or liquid form) year-round. But Mr Kanani warns: "This could put you at increased risk of vitamin D overdose. "Vitamin D overdose can happen if you're using supplements in high doses, as well as getting extended periods of sun exposure." The NHS warns adults and children aged 11 to 17 not to take more than 100 micrograms (4,000 IU) of vitamin a day as it "could be harmful". Kids one to 10 should not have more than 50 micrograms (2,000 IU) daily. The signs of heat exhaustion - and when it becomes heatstroke HEAT exhaustion does not usually need emergency medical help if you can cool down within 30 minutes. The signs include: Tiredness Dizziness Headache Feeling sick or being sick Excessive sweating and skin becoming pale and clammy or getting a heat rash, but a change in skin colour can be harder to see on brown and black skin Cramps in the arms, legs and stomach Fast breathing or heartbeat A high temperature Being very thirsty Weakness Diarrhoea HEATSTROKE is a medical emergency, so get inside and call 999 for an ambulance. Stay with the person, who may not be able to help themselves. Try to remove clothes if possible and lie the person down. Use a cool flannel and sponge them down and use a fan to try and help them lose heat by evaporation. If they are conscious and able, try to encourage them to drink. If they lose consciousness, put them into the recovery position while you wait for an ambulance. The NHS says to call 999 for signs of heatstroke that include: Still being unwell after 30 minutes of resting in a cool place, being cooled and drinking fluids A very high temperature Hot skin that's not sweating and might look red (this can be harder to see on brown and black skin) A fast heartbeat Fast breathing or shortness of breath Confusion and lack of coordination A seizure or fit Loss of consciousness 4. Thermogenic fat burners Thermogenic fat burners are dietary supplements marketed to promote weight loss by increasing the body's metabolic rate and fat burning process (thermogenesis). They aim to help users burn more calories, potentially leading to a calorie deficit and subsequent weight loss, especially when combined with a healthy diet and exercise. But in their efforts to boost metabolism, these fat burners (which usually come as pills or powders) can lead to a rise in heat production and core body temperature. Also, similarly, by stimulating the nervous system they can increase heart rate. Mr Kanani says: "Caution should be taken to avoid serious issues such as heat stroke or heat exhaustion." Heat exhaustion, which causes tiredness, dizziness, headaches, sweating and cramps, does not usually need emergency medical help if you can cool down within 30 minutes. If it turns into heatstroke, of which symptoms include a very high temperature, hot skin that's not sweating, a fast heartbeat, confusion, seizures, or not being well after 30 minutes of resting in a cool place with fluids, it needs to be treated as an emergency. 5. Vitamin A 5 People take vitamin A supplements for several reasons, primarily to support vision, boost the immune system, and maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes. Vitamin A is crucial for vision, particularly in dim light, and is essential for cell growth and development, including bone growth and reproduction. It also plays a vital role in maintaining the health of the skin and the lining of various body parts, like the nose. But you should be careful if you're exceeding 10,000 IU per day, warns Ian Budd, prescribing pharmacist expert at Chemist4U. He says: "High-dose vitamin A can increase skin sensitivity to sunlight, potentially leading to sunburn. "Sun sensitivity reactions can cause burning, blistering, and dark patches on the skin (called hyperpigmentation). "These reactions sometimes happen even if you're wearing clothes or sitting behind glass, like in a car." 6. Essential oils (used topically) Essential oils offer a diverse array of potential benefits, including mood enhancement, stress relief, and connection to nature. They're often used in aromatherapy to create a calming atmosphere and can be incorporated into daily routines for both physical and mental wellbeing. But Mr Budd cautions: "Certain essential oils, such as bergamot, lime, lemon, and other citrus oils, contain furocoumarins, which can cause phototoxic reactions when the skin is exposed to sunlight." He adds that you may experience worse sunburn than usual, even with very little sun exposure. "These can look like regular or even second-degree burns and may take a day or two to appear," he says. 7. Niacin (vitamin B3) 5 Niacin is a B vitamin the body makes and uses to turn food into energy and keep the nervous system, digestive system, and skin healthy. Also known as vitamin B3, many people take it as part of a daily multivitamin tablet or gummy. However, Mr Budd says: "In high doses, this supplement can cause flushing and increased heat sensitivity, which may be more problematic in hot weather." Men need about 16.5mg a day, while women need 13.2mg. The NHS warns: "Taking high doses of nicotinic acid supplements can cause skin flushes, and doing so for a long time could lead to liver damage." Food interactions Some supplements may also interact with certain foods and drinks and make side effects worse in the heat. For example, excess salt can affect or stop diuretics working. Mr Kanani adds: "Avoid foods that contain tyramine when taking St John's wort, like aged cheese and wine. "They can raise your blood pressure to potentially dangerous levels so should be avoided. "Vitamin D is actually best taken with a meal that contains dietary fat, such as whole milk. "Thermogenic fat burners can generally be taken with food and this is something preferable to reduce the risk of a stomach upset." If you're using one of these supplements, sometimes simply changing the timing can reduce the risks Ian BuddPrescribing pharmacist Mr Budd says: "Caffeine or energy drinks can make you feel hotter and more dehydrated, especially if you're mixing them with certain supplements, such as niacin and St John's wort. "Drinking alcohol can also make flushing caused by niacin supplements worse and increase then chance of dehydration, since alcohol impacts how your body handles heat. "And citrus foods and drinks can make you more sensitive to the sun, especially if any citrus oils touch your skin while taking a supplement that causes your skin to react negatively to sunlight or UV rays." Some alternatives... If you need to take these supplements during the summer months, you should talk to your GP or pharmacist first. But there are plenty of options you can ask them about. Diet and lifestyle changes are recommended when looking for alternatives to these supplements. Mr Kanani advises: "For diuretics, that means reducing your salt intake and increasing the amount of water you drink. "Omega-3 fatty acids found in oily fish and nuts can be a natural alternative to St John's wort to help with depression, as they're thought to help regulate mood through neuroinflammation and supporting normal brain function. "You can also try thermogenic foods such as chicken, chilli peppers, caffeine drinks, turkey or fish. "They require more energy to digest than carbohydrates or fats, which increases thermogenesis and calorie burning." Instead of high-dose vitamin A, Mr Budd says beta-carotene, mixed carotenoids from food sources, like carrots or sweet potatoes, and lower-dose vitamin A (under 5,000 IU a day) can be considered. He says: "Instead of high-dose niacin, alternatives include niacinamide (a form of vitamin B3 that doesn't cause flushing), lower doses of niacin taken with food, slow-release versions, or there are other options for managing cholesterol. "And instead of citrus essential oils that can cause sun reactions, you could try oils like lavender or tea tree that have properly been diluted, using citrus oils only in the evening, or giving synthetic fragrance alternatives a go. 'Even if you're using one of these supplements, sometimes simply changing the timing can reduce the risks. "But always check with a GP or pharmacist before starting or switching supplements, especially if you're on medication or have health conditions." The nasty ingredients hiding in supplements Supplements can help us reach vitamin and mineral recommendations. But Dr Carol Granger, a registered nutrition practitioner with a degree in biochemistry and a masters in microbiology, warns of many additions to supplements, medications and foods that could cause side effects, and suggests doing your research before buying commercial pills. She tells Sun Health: 'Ingredients like talc, E numbers, and gelatin are all used as bulking agents or as colourings and they can have serious long-term health impacts like heartburn, dizziness, fainting and severe allergic reactions." Here are the worst culprits: Magnesium stearate Unlike the name suggests, this ingredient contains no magnesium (which may help with sleep, anxiety and bone health). Dr Granger says: 'This is used as a lubricant - it prevents ingredients sticking together and means the machines that make the tablets don't block.' But she warns that 'high amounts can cause a laxative effect and it can cause inflammation too, especially in those who are sensitive to allergies'. It's unlikely the small amount found in supplements is enough to do harm, but it may be worth reconsidering if you have been taking it for a long time. Ascorbyl Palmitate Ascorbyl palmitate is a form of vitamin C made by combining ascorbic and palmitic acids. It's considered safe in the amounts that are used when added to skincare. Dr Granger says: 'This is used as an antioxidant food additive and preservative meaning things with it in can have a longer use by date.' But she claims 'excess amounts can cause nausea, diarrhoea, and vomiting'. Aspartame You'll may be familiar with aspartame, which is a sugar-alternative often used in things like soft drinks, sweetened diet products or other 'low/no sugar' foods. Dr Granger says: 'This is a sweetener a lot of people have heard of. 'It's a flavour enhancer but because it's an artificial sweetener, it has been linked to weight gain.' Studies have found both that sweeteners like aspartame help people lose weight, but also gain weight by potentially increasing appetite. Several studies have linked high intakes to more serious health problems such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and dementia but there has been much debate about the results. But Dr Granger claims: 'It can affect metabolism so if you see it on any ingredient list, my advice would be to give it a wide berth.' Carrageenans Carrageenan is an ingredient that has long had concern surrounding it. Products with it may be labelled as 'natural' because it is derived from seaweed, therefore it is also found in some plant-based/vegan foods. But Dr Granger says: 'The processing used to make some types of carrageenan makes it into something you definitely don't want to consume. 'They're widely used as gelling agent and thickener. They can be used to prevent powder clumping so may be in powder supplements you add to smoothies. 'But some cause inflammation, are really bad for digestive health and have been linked to ulcers too. 'Some can also destabilise blood sugar and cause problems with blood sugar balance.' Calcium Phosphate Calcium phosphate is a mineral (calcium and phosphate) which are essential for bone, muscle, blood and nerve health. Some may benefit from additional calcium, such as menopausal women with weakening bones. But calcium phosphate is also used as an additive to products, from supplements to toothpaste and fertilizers. Dr Granger says: 'This is used to bulk out and buffer ingredients like vitamin C. 'Side effects can include kidney problems, loss of appetite and weakness.'
Daily Mail
2 hours ago
- Daily Mail
My toenails have gone hard, crusty and frighteningly yellow. Is there ANYTHING I can do? DR ELLIE has the most ingenious solution
My toenails have become hard and crusty. They don't cause me any problems, but I don't like how they look. What can I do? It's normal for the toenails to thicken with age, but sometimes the problem can be due to a medical issue.
The Guardian
3 hours ago
- The Guardian
I'm 15 and in love, but I have to walk on eggshells with my boyfriend
I'm 15, and in a six-month relationship with my boyfriend who has a very toxic home life. This has given him significant mental health issues. He gets upset by little things, and struggles to move on, catastrophising small disagreements, thinking I hate him and saying he'll self-harm. He has a really strong sense of self: he hates people being better than him at anything he cares about, and is obsessed with looks. The real issue for me is that I often feel I'm walking on eggshells: I can't tell him about achievements or he'll get upset; I soften any viewpoint I'm worried he won't like; I can't tell him he upset me without him getting extremely defensive. I do not want to lose him. He's really thoughtful, caring, beautiful and profound. He always checks for consent before doing anything sexual (nothing much as we're both underage); he cares for me if I'm upset, gives me advice, makes me feel confident in myself and happy. But I'm worried about the coming weeks, as I'm going on holiday and I know I'll have to reassure him I love him every two days, feeling guilty for just having a nice time. I feel so strongly in love, and don't want to break up with him. I'd really like some strategies to help him feel better, be less sensitive, and avoid triggers without it being exhausting. It's never too early or late in life to start asking the right questions and here, as my specialist this week, the UKCP-registered child and adolescent psychotherapist Sara Anton says, the questions you might want to ask are: 'What does a healthy relationship looks like? Is this a healthy relationship, and if not why not? If you are looking after your boyfriend's needs all the time, how can you take care of your needs? And how does it feel to do so much caretaking at this point in your life?' You sound incredibly mature, astute and sensitive, but the flipside is that you will attract people who look to you to fulfil things lacking in themselves. It's also never too early or late to learn about boundaries. I hear that you are really in love; as Anton points out: 'At 15 it's really usual – and developmentally appropriate [as we have to learn to separate from our parents] – to have these intense relationships.' But, and it is a significant but, this relationship raises concerns for us. No relationship should mean you are radically changing your behaviour – as you are – to appease someone else. I'm sorry for your boyfriend's home life, the details of which you asked me to withhold, but you are not responsible for his happiness or anyone else's. 'At this age,' says Anton, 'you are starting to find out who you are, what you like and don't like, how to be with others, what your boundaries are, and how to take care of your own emotions. From what you say, this relationship is more intense than is healthy and it's taking a toll on you. It will be hard to build a sense of who you are as a young person when you are so entwined.' Sign up to Inside Saturday The only way to get a look behind the scenes of the Saturday magazine. Sign up to get the inside story from our top writers as well as all the must-read articles and columns, delivered to your inbox every weekend. after newsletter promotion Aspects of your relationship sound coercive. I'm sure you've covered this in PSHE lessons, but it can be hard to see when this is happening to us. Not being able to share or having to water down good news for fear of him not liking it, him threatening to self-harm, feeling like you're constantly treading on eggshells: these are not what a healthy relationship is based on. Your boyfriend doesn't sound like he has a strong sense of self, quite the opposite; it sounds like he's outsourcing his self-esteem to you. This is not something you can delegate. I would really urge you to talk to an adult you trust. You've taken a really big step towards this by writing to me. If you are constantly keeping the peace with your boyfriend, you will get no peace yourself. You can't fix him, or anyone else. That's not your job. Your job is to look after yourself first and foremost. That's not selfish but self-aware and self-protective, and that lesson can never be learned too young. Every week, Annalisa Barbieri addresses a personal problem sent in by a reader. If you would like advice from Annalisa, please send your problem to Annalisa regrets she cannot enter into personal correspondence. Submissions are subject to our terms and conditions. The latest series of Annalisa's podcast is available here. Comments on this piece are pre-moderated to ensure the discussion remains on the topics raised by the article. Please be aware that there may be a short delay in comments appearing on the site.
