
Who is Adriana Kugler and what her exit mean for Trump's pick for next Fed Chair
Kugler is the first Hispanic to serve on the Fed's Board of Governors. She submitted her resignation letter on Friday, effective August 8. With her term ending in January 2026, her early exit comes amid Trump's latest attack on Fed Chair Jerome Powell.
Dr. Adriana D. Kugler was appointed on the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System since September 13, 2023, for a term until January 31, 2026.
Before her appointment to the Board, she was the US Executive Director at the World Bank Group. She is currently on leave from Georgetown University, where she serves as a professor of Public Policy and Economics.
She previously held the position of chief economist at the US Department of Labour between 2011 and 2013. Additionally, Dr. Kugler was a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Centre for the Study of Poverty and Inequality at Stanford University.
Kugler also served as the elected chair of the Business and Economics Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association, a member of the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy of the National Academies of Sciences, and a member of the Technical Advisory Committee of the Bureau of Labour Statistics.
In terms of education, she pursued a BA in economics and political science from McGill University and a PhD in economics from the University of California, Berkeley.
Under Fed regulations, the chair must be selected from the present members of the Fed's board. Trump, who has been repeatedly urging Powell to resign, Kugler's departure may impact his timeline to choose the next central bank chair. If the US President opts to select an outsider for the board, like National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett or former Fed Governor Kevin Warsh, he might not have the opportunity to do so again soon, Bloomberg reported.
Powell's term as chair concludes in May, but his role as a governor continues until 2028. Although outgoing chairs usually resign from the board, Powell has not disclosed his future plans. If he stays, Trump won't have another chance to fill a board vacancy until 2028.
In that scenario, the president might be obliged to appoint the person he plans to promote next May to fill the Kugler vacancy. If he is keen to quickly add a new loyalist to the board, he will need to decide promptly who that chair will be. There is no indication that Trump has decided on a candidate yet. However, the contenders include Hassett, Warsh, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, and current Fed Governor Christopher Waller, the report added.
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Indian Express
3 minutes ago
- Indian Express
China price war, lack of clarity on US ‘penalty': What Indian exporters are discussing in tariff talks with American importers
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Normally, exporters and importers share the burden of additional tariffs, but exporters said contracts have stalled due to the unknown penalty amount. 'A lot of exporters, particularly from the apparel and footwear sectors, are facing uncertainty because summer season orders are set to be placed very shortly. They are in touch with buyers, and some of them have even visited the US. But neither the buyer nor the seller is in a position to state what they are willing to negotiate, as the 'penalty' amount is unknown,' Ajay Sahai, director general & CEO of the Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO), told The Indian Express. US retailers and apparel companies typically begin shipping merchandise from global suppliers at least two to three months before the summer season starts in April. Traders, typically, begin negotiating contracts much earlier. 'China has become a little more aggressive because they are outpriced by 5 per cent, and they are looking at the extent to which they can reduce the price. That's also a challenge. It may not be entirely possible for the exporter to absorb the duty, and therefore they are requesting that the government should chip in for a limited period only, as we hope that a bilateral trade agreement (BTA) will be concluded by September or October,' Sahai added. However, after Trump threatened to raise tariffs on Indian goods over its purchase of Russian oil, New Delhi on Monday said the targeting of India was 'unjustified and unreasonable', and that the country would take 'all necessary measures' to safeguard its 'national interests and economic security'. 'India is not only buying massive amounts of Russian oil, they are then, for much of the oil purchased, selling it on the open market for big profits… They don't care how many people in Ukraine are being killed by the Russian war machine. 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'I struggle to see a coherent grand strategy here — other than to take on every possible pole of alternative power. None of the BRICS have the defence dependence on the USA that the EU, Korea, Japan, and the UK have — and that probably played the greater part in the latter's acquiescence to recent US tariff threats. So what is the US offering to the BRICS?' Evenett said. 'Access to the US market isn't a compelling answer. Take India. Its largest export to the USA is smartphones — does anyone else on the planet buy smartphones? Next biggest export is a variant of diamonds — there are other buyers for these too. Medicines are third on the list — same argument. Light oil next — you get the picture. Only one-sixth of Indian goods exports go to the USA. Big deal,' he added. As Trump has threatened several countries with additional tariffs over the re-routing of goods to the US, Deborah Elms, a trade and economic policy expert with the Hinrich Foundation, said in a LinkedIn post that one key complaint from the business community is the lack of clarity on what the US currently means by 'transshipment'. 'Given that tariffs are about to be 40 per cent on anything deemed to be transshipped, definitions are critically important. Typically, firms are required to 'substantially transform' products. In other words, you aren't allowed to simply take a box, slap a new label on it saying 'from country X', but must take raw materials, parts, and components to create something transformed. The amount of transformation is critically important. In a free trade agreement, officials spend months or years wrangling over these rules. Is there a value threshold that needs to be crossed? Is it a change in tariff heading? Subheading? Unfortunately, with new tariffs coming on August 7, we have no guidance at all on these rules,' Elms said. Ravi Dutta Mishra is a Principal Correspondent with The Indian Express, covering policy issues related to trade, commerce, and banking. He has over five years of experience and has previously worked with Mint, CNBC-TV18, and other news outlets. ... Read More


Indian Express
3 minutes ago
- Indian Express
US Justice Department open probe into Obama officials over allegation of Russian interference in 2016 polls
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First Post
3 minutes ago
- First Post
Trump's war against the world comes at America's expense
Trump seems to visualise that what is good for the globe is not good for the US. AFP President Donald Trump has unleashed an economic war against the rest of the world from the very inception of his second administration. American people, American companies and the entire political class of the United States are not with President Trump's economic policies—domestic or foreign. However, the principal difficulty lies in the fact that not many within the United States who oppose Trump's tariff tantrums are able to counter, resist or confront an administration that is vindictive against the opponents and resorts to retribution or revenge. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD President Trump does not spare anyone who makes statements or brings out reports on issues that run counter to his policies. 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But when the Apple company sought to exit from China and enter the Indian market, Trump threatened high duties on the products of the company! It gives the impression that his main goal is not to allow India to grow, even if it is in American interest. Indian economic performance is viewed by President Trump as a 'dead economy', not because he lacks basic knowledge about India but because he would not like to see an India that would question his false statements or assert itself as a country that stands by its policy of strategic autonomy. Trump seems persuaded that his vision of 'America First' would be good for his country. Actually, his America First policy would benefit him and his supporters but harm the United States and the world. He wrongly assumes that in a globalised world with complex interdependence among countries, the US economy can thrive all by itself. He seems to visualise that what is good for the globe is not good for America. 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He has a distance to go before he is supposed to step down in January 2029. His recent contemplation for an unconstitutional third term in the White House appears to have been abandoned for the time being. Yet, whether there will be a peaceful transfer of power after the 2028 presidential election in Washington, DC, cannot be predicted now. He pardoned many who were convicted and sentenced to jail due to their involvement in the insurrection of January 6, 2021. Will there be another insurrection? STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD A lot will depend on how the political scene unfolds within the United States. There is an opportunity for the American voters to send Trump a message in the November 2026 congressional election. There are still openings for Corporate America to press upon him to abandon his damaging tariff policies and other economic measures. The think tanks and the American universities, where academia plays a constructive role in the policymaking ecosystem, are struggling hard to make compromises with the Trump Administration to ensure restoration of federal funding. But still, the American academia can elucidate whether the proverbial emperor is without clothes. But how the international community responds will also determine if the current American imperial presidency is a passing phenomenon. The European allies have been left high and dry by Trump and are clamped with a 15 per cent tariff, which is much higher than the 2.5 per cent tariff that was imposed earlier. The Nato member countries have been bulldozed into spending 5 per cent of their GDP on defence when they are undergoing economic downturn and energy shortages. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD Japan and South Korea are forced to pay more to keep the alliance structure alive. India was one of the first countries in 2025 to start negotiations with the Trump team on bilateral trade. After months of negotiations, the Trump Administration keeps pressuring India to open its agricultural sector, which would surely hurt the millions of Indian farmers. This pressure is compounded by its insistence on India to stop buying Russian energy resources, which would again grievously affect India's energy security. China stood firm and responded by restricting rare earth materials. It pinched the US, and Trump promptly relaxed its restrictions on technology and chip trade. But China's export controls hurt many other countries, including India. As the world is facing Trump's tariff war, it remains utterly divided. There were some whispers about the EU, China, Japan and many others coming together to confer on how to manage the uncertainties in international trade and overall political economy. But whispers have not given way to any concrete steps. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD The international community rightly thinks that Trump is not America. Numerous countries around the world seem to be interested in waiting him out. But the big question is whether Trumpism will survive Donald Trump. All major countries look prepared to work for a truce with Trump. However, the truce should not be at the cost of the stability of the international trade ecosystem. Trump's economic war against the world will not end soon unless there are countermeasures against Trumpian unilateralism. The author is founding chairperson, Kalinga Institute of Indo-Pacific Studies, and editor, India Quarterly. The views expressed in the above piece are personal and solely those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect Firstpost's views.