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Doctor behind 80-year happiness study was ‘shocked' by the biggest predictor of a long, healthy life

Doctor behind 80-year happiness study was ‘shocked' by the biggest predictor of a long, healthy life

New York Post08-05-2025
What if the secret to longevity wasn't in the mind or the gut — but in the heart?
Speaking at the inaugural New York Times Well Festival on Wednesday, psychiatrist and researcher Dr. Robert Waldinger announced he and his team were 'shocked' by 'the biggest predictor of who was going to live long and stay healthy.'
3 Dr. Robert Waldinger said researchers were 'shocked' by 'the biggest predictor of who was going to live long and stay healthy.'
Jose Alvarado Jr for The New York Times
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Waldinger, the director of the Harvard Study of Adult Development — the longest-running scientific study of adult life — revealed it was 'how connected you were to other people and particularly the warmth of your connection to other people.'
Apparently, the researchers were floored by these findings.
'How could our relationships actually get into our bodies and actually change our physiology?' Waldinger mused.
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'The best hypothesis is that it has to do with stress, that in fact relationships — when they're good — are stress relievers.'
After all, how we feel does manifest itself physically — you can feel your pulse begin to race and your breathing quicken when something upsetting or anxiety-inducing happens, and the opposite is true when you calm down, he explained.
Having someone to vent to, as it turns out, plays a pretty big role in that.
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'People who don't have connections with other people, those people don't have the same stress regulation mechanisms in their lives that people with good relationships have,' Waldinger said.
The secret sauce is recognizing that it's not enough to have relationships — you need to cultivate them as you would a garden.
3 'The best hypothesis is that it has to do with stress, that in fact relationships — when they're good — are stress relievers,' Waldinger said.
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Most of us don't expect to be physically fit without putting some work into it — why would relationships be any different?
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'The people who were best at relationships were the people who were actively involved in staying in touch with people, people who really nurtured their relationships,' he said. 'Most of us take our relationships for granted.'
He went so far as to say people who are intentional about keeping in touch and fostering relationships had a 'superpower' that 'went under the radar.'
The best part is you don't need to plan an elaborate trip or book a bonding activity to get the benefits. Little things, like actually making eye contact with the barista making your coffee or — heaven forbid — the TSA agent checking your passport, give us 'little hits of well-being,' according to Waldinger.
3 'Most of us take our relationships for granted,' Waldinger said.
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It's the latest appeal from an increasing number of experts reminding people that social connection is a fundamental part of being human — and an essential aspect of good health.
A recent study even identified socializing as one of the six factors you can control that lower the risk of dementia, stroke and depression — adding to existing research indicating it's a boon for longevity.
It seems that's easy to forget in today's increasingly virtual world, as psychotherapist Kathryn Smerling previously told The Post she prescribes 'socialization very often' to her clients.
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Elsewhere in the NYT talk, Waldinger noted that our culture may not always steer us in the right direction when it comes to happiness.
'These badges of achievement that we all set out for ourselves — money, awards, followers on social media — those badges of achievement are quantifiable, so they look like they're gonna make us happy, but they don't,' he said.
'The culture can sell us this idea that if we just do all the right things, we'll be happy all the time,' he added. 'That is not true. Nobody is happy all the time.'
That said, next time you want to feel like a superhero — try calling your mom.
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Editorial: Organ donors should be dead first
Editorial: Organ donors should be dead first

Chicago Tribune

time5 hours ago

  • Chicago Tribune

Editorial: Organ donors should be dead first

Many Americans are dying while waiting for a new heart, lung or liver. In all three cases, demand exceeds supply. It's hard to imagine the desperation of living with a ticking clock and not knowing whether your number will get pulled for a transplant. We recognize the anguish of the families living this horrible reality. But the quest to solve this problem may create perverse incentives. Several days after a drug overdose, Kentuckian TJ Hoover was declared brain dead. Doctors prepared him for organ removal surgery, and as the procedure was about to begin, Hoover woke up. Reports indicate that hospital professionals allegedly disregarded signs that Hoover was still alert, and opted to move forward with harvesting anyway until it was undeniable that their patient was not dead. As outlying as it may be, this 2021 incident is the stuff of nightmares. Such stories are among the main reasons people hesitate to sign consent forms at the DMV. Still, the problem of organ shortages persists for people with organ failure. There are some who are advocating a radical notion to solve the organ shortage: Broadening our definition of 'death.' That's the crux of a recent commentary that appeared in The New York Times, authored by Dr. Sandeep Jauhar, a cardiologist, and Snehal Patel and Deane Smith, directors of the Center for Heart Failure, Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support. In some corners of the internet, this commentary is being shared with curiosity; in others, with revulsion. The authors are thoughtful experts, and they back up their thesis with compelling statistics, noting that 'an estimated 15 people die in this country every day waiting for a transplant,' which means we need to find more healthy donor organs. But what they propose next crosses over into unsettling territory. They suggest that our definition of death should also include irreversibly comatose patients on life support. Even if a machine could restore the beating of their heart. 'The brain functions that matter most to life are those such as consciousness, memory, intention and desire,' they write. 'Once those higher brain functions are irreversibly gone, is it not fair to say that a person (as opposed to a body) has ceased to exist?' Although none of this is a laughing matter, we can't help but be reminded of 'The Princess Bride's' Wesley, who after barbaric torture is left 'mostly dead,' a term that just as easily could be applied to 'irreversibly comatose patients on life support.' And, remember, Wesley is revived before the end of that film. In all seriousness, we can appreciate the authors' position and their genuine real-life concern for those waiting on lifesaving organs. But as Hoover's story proves, miraculous recoveries, while rare, can occur even when a person has been on life support for days. Health Resources and Services Administration reviews found more cases where donation protocols may not have been appropriate — 28 of which may have involved patients not legally dead at the time procurement began. If the goal is to keep as many people alive as possible, we should first exhaust all other avenues of scientific advancement and preventive treatment before redefining what it means to be alive. This editorial board likes exploring new ideas. That said, some suggestions are so wrong that they need to be extinguished before they get off the ground. This is one of them. We stand with the living.

‘Fibermaxxing' — The Latest Trend
‘Fibermaxxing' — The Latest Trend

Medscape

time6 days ago

  • Medscape

‘Fibermaxxing' — The Latest Trend

Dietary fiber has long been known to be highly beneficial for gastrointestinal health, exerting a regulatory effect on digestive processes such as absorption, transit time, and stool formation, as well as having important microbial effects. Unfortunately, modern diets in the Western industrialized world are notoriously low in fiber, with this deficiency linked to an array of gut and metabolic diseases. Some consumer research suggests the public is aware of the benefits of fiber, and that most people believe they consume enough. However, national consumption surveys indicate that only about 5% of the population meets recommendations, and inadequate intake of fiber has been called a public health concern. But now, a new trend on social media may be changing the way people view and consume fiber. Called 'Fibermaxxing,' it is being promoted by wellness content creators and being enthusiastically endorsed by some dietitians as 'good for digestion, stable energy, and even a happier mood.' Other influencers suggest it can help with weight loss. A recent article in The New York Times quotes a 25-year-old wellness creator whose videos of herself consuming large quantities of fiber in the form of food such as chia seed puddings have garnered more than 10 million views. Jennifer Chapler, MS, RD, CDN 'But is this really a new trend, or is it merely recycling an older version of the high-fiber diet?' muses Jennifer Chapler, MS, RD, CDN, a dietitian at Nutrition Transformations in Bergen County, New Jersey. 'And is it a healthy trend to follow, or is it simply another fad diet that will disappear?' The answer, according to Chapler, is both: Increasing the consumption of fiber is indeed beneficial, especially given the paucity of fiber in the standard Western diet. The question is how should you increase fiber intake, what type of fiber should you be consuming, and how much? Evidence-Based Health Benefits of Fiber An impressive number of studies have found that for each increase in dietary fiber intake of 7 g/d, there is a statistically significant reduction in the risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, and diabetes. A 2019 meta-analysis of 185 epidemiologic studies (encompassing close to 135 million person-years) found that high fiber intake (25-29 g/d) was associated with a reduced risk for all-cause mortality, as well as mortality from coronary heart disease and cancer, and a lower risk for stroke, diabetes, and colorectal cancer compared with lower fiber intake. And, according to a review by Samantha K. Gill and coauthors, increasing dietary fiber can be regarded as a potential therapeutic intervention for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and diverticular disease, as well as management of specific gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation. The therapeutic benefits of fiber derive from its impact on nutrient digestion and absorption, improvement in glycemic and lipidemic responses, regulation of plasma cholesterol through limiting bile salt resorption, influencing gut transit, and promoting microbiota growth and metabolism, Gill and coauthors explained. Dietary fiber consists of carbohydrates and lignins that are not hydrolyzed or absorbed in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. It includes many complex substances, each having a unique chemical structure and physical properties, and is commonly classified according to solubility in water. Total dietary fiber can be divided into two groups: 'water soluble' (viscous substances such as pectin, gums, and mucilage) and water insoluble (nonviscous substances, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). Unlike insoluble fibers, which remain discrete particles, soluble fibers have a 'high affinity for water.' 'Through the process of digestion, soluble fiber from food mixes with water in the digestive track, forming a gel-like substance,' Chapler explained. 'As this substance moves from the small intestine into the colon, it contacts the gut microbiota, which break it down through fermentation.' The end result is short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which play a number of 'key roles' in the gastrointestinal tract, wrote Gill and coauthors. In animal studies, SCFAs were shown to affect gastrointestinal motility; bridge communication between mucosal microbiota and the mucosal immune system, suggesting potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects; maintain intestinal barrier integrity; and regulate appetite. They also indirectly help maintain gastrointestinal homeostasis through reducing luminal pH. Insoluble fiber prevents constipation by adding bulk to the stool and clears the gut of harmful toxins, potentially contributing to the prevention of colorectal cancer, Chapler said. By improving gut transit time, it can contribute to controlling diverticulitis, and by increasing the sense of satiety following meals, it may potentially play a role in reducing overeating and assisting with weight loss. Too Much of a Good Thing? The wellness influencers advocating for 'fibermaxxing' typically recommend basically healthy foods, Chapler noted. Their guidance is generally on the right track, she said, including recommending whole-food carbohydrate sources of fiber, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables; berries and apples; and beans, lentils, nuts, oatmeal, and chia seeds. These can be incorporated into the diet in creative ways, such as sprinkling chia into smoothies, yogurt, puddings, stir-fries, and oatmeal. But 'fibermaxxing' influencers often encourage people not only to meet but also to exceed daily recommendations, she said. Recommended daily fiber intake is 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men, according to the USDA, and 30 grams for all adults in the UK, but some influencers are encouraging people to eat 50 grams or even 100 grams of fiber a day. 'It's not good to overdo anything, including fiber,' she emphasized. Instead, it's better to 'eat a variety of foods, including protein, complex carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables, and leafy greens — the more colorful the plate, the more nutrients the food will contain.' Excessive consumption of fiber can cause bloating and flatulence and can even interfere with the absorption of nutrients from food, she said. 'Eating fiber all day can also cause internal irritation and can interfere with absorption of medications.' Fazia Mir, MD, DABOM, a gastroenterologist who practices in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and is affiliated with Presbyterian Hospital, agreed. She does not recommend fibermaxxing to her patients. In fact, consuming large amounts of fiber — more than 40-50 grams — can not only cause bloating but also actually cause constipation, she told Medscape Medical News . And the sense of fullness can prevent people from eating other varieties of food, leading to nutritional deficiencies. 'Just adhere to the recommended daily intake,' advised Mir, who is a spokesperson for the American Gastroenterological Association. It's also important to increase fiber intake slowly rather than rapidly incorporating large quantities into one's diet. This allows the gastrointestinal tract to adjust, Chaplin said. It's equally important to drink sufficient fluids. 'Fiber absorbs fluid as it moves through the digestive tract, so insufficient fluid intake can cause constipation, hard, dry stools, bloating, flatulence, and abdominal discomfort.' The Role of Supplements Yakira Escott Berkowitz, RD, a registered dietitian with a private practice in Bergen County, said that many of the clients who come to her seek advice about whether to use a fiber supplement. Yakira Escott Berkowitz, RD Taking a supplement can be 'helpful and is better than nothing for people whose diet is deficient in fiber,' she told Medscape Medical News . 'But I prefer people get their fiber from foods.' If that's not possible, she recommends products that are third-party tested. 'I advise patients to look for the letters 'NSF' on any supplements.' This means they have been tested by the National Sanitation Foundation, an independent nongovernmental organization focused on public health and safety standards. Chapler also thinks that getting fiber from food is preferable to getting it from a supplement. She recommends Fiber One cereal. 'It's a food, not a supplement, but it's almost like taking a supplement. For patients really struggling with constipation, I'll recommend they eat it twice daily.' If patients require a supplement, psyllium — a bulking agent frequently used for treating constipation — can be recommended. It has established benefits, both for gastrointestinal and cardiometabolic health. Additionally, adding psyllium to a normal diet has been shown to improve body composition, lipids, glucose, and insulin in patients who have overweight or obesity. The combination of a healthy diet plus fiber supplementation yields the greatest improvements. When Is Fibermaxxing Contraindicated? There are several gastrointestinal diseases, such as Crohn's disease and intestinal obstruction, in which fiber intake should be limited and increased only under medical supervision. Patients with malabsorption issues or those who have undergone bowel surgery should consume fiber with caution, also under medical supervision. Chapler and Berkowitz both recommend that patients work in conjunction with a physician if they have any type of gastrointestinal condition or are taking medications because fiber can affect the absorption of several drugs. For example, large quantities of fiber can lower blood levels of metformin and can affect levothyroxine, digoxin, penicillin, and amoxicillin absorption. Consumption of pectin or oat bran together with lovastatin can reduce the medication's absorption, and fiber should not be taken at the same time as antiarrhythmic drugs. Constipation is common in people taking opioids, and the first approach to treatment is typically to encourage lifestyle changes and ensure adequate daily intake of water and fiber, together with avoiding heavy meals and highly fatty foods and evacuating as soon as the urge to defecate arises. Because opioid drugs inhibit intestinal motility, excess fiber could lead to bloating, flatulence, and fecalomas, so daily intake of fiber should not exceed 20 grams. All the experts agreed that increased fiber intake should be part of an overall health plan that includes well-balanced, nutritious eating; sufficient intake of fluids; adequate amounts of physical exercise; and controlling calories and portion sizes. Chapler also emphasizes the importance of mindful eating and chewing food well, which enhances utilization of fiber in the gastrointestinal tract. A review of 71 studies found that chewing is an important contributor to the swallowing process and physiologic/pathologic processes in the gastrointestinal tract. However, some fiber-rich foods are difficult to chew — a problem that particularly affects older adults who are often partially or fully edentulous who may then exclude high-fiber foods from their diet. It is important for this population to work closely with a dietitian who can help them maximize nutritional intake in general, and fiber intake in particular, as there are many fiber-rich foods that are not difficult to chew, Chapler said. On balance, she believes that the new focus on fiber due to the 'fibermaxxing' trend can be a positive development, and that clinicians should encourage and support patients in their efforts to responsibly increase their consumption of this very important nutrient. Chapler, Berkowitz, and Mir reported having no relevant financial relationships.

Rebuilding faces, lives, and a sense of self in Ukraine
Rebuilding faces, lives, and a sense of self in Ukraine

Boston Globe

time06-08-2025

  • Boston Globe

Rebuilding faces, lives, and a sense of self in Ukraine

Patients depend on doctors to heal their physical wounds, and on the support of family to move forward. The face is the window to identity and emotion. To have it disfigured is not merely to be wounded, but to be unmoored from one's own sense of self. Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, many Ukrainians have suffered grievous facial injuries, a brutal testament to the power of modern weaponry and the vulnerability of the flesh. 'A soldier loses a leg, and society calls him a hero,' said Dr. Andrii Kopchak, the head of the department of maxillofacial surgery at Bogomolets National Medical University in Kyiv, Ukraine. 'But lose your face? You become a ghost.' Surgeons have made significant strides in tending to Ukraine's wounded, particularly through the use of 3D printing. By creating patient-specific implants and surgical guides, the technology allows for more precise reconstruction of shattered jaws, cheekbones and eye sockets — restoring not just function, but the very contours of someone's identity. Advertisement These advances build on a century of innovation, from Harold Gillies' pioneering surgery to mend faces broken in the muddy trenches of the Somme in World War I to today's digital modeling to repair bodies mangled in the bloody battle for Bakhmut. The goal has long been to restore function, while also giving hope to the wounded. Advertisement For many of Ukraine's wounded, breakthrough surgical treatments followed earlier, botched operations that, in effect, had to be undone and redone. Like much of the Ukrainian war effort, the medical struggle has been marked by improvisation and experimentation. The New York Times spent two years visiting men and women whose lives have been shattered, and meeting the doctors and volunteers working to help them. 'It's the same fight, for yourself, for your life,' said Volodymyr Melnyk. 'Just like in the trenches, same goes for the hospital bed after the injury.' Throughout his recovery, Melnyk was driven by one burning desire: to rejoin the fight. Ukrainian and foreign surgeons have made significant strides in tending to the wounded. Doctors said the psychological scars can be even harder to heal. Melnyk, 32, was wounded in 2023, when his unit stormed a Russian hilltop position and, after intense combat, seized control of it. During the battle, shrapnel shredded his face. 'All the nerves on the right side of my face were severed,' he said. 'All the bones were shattered. I could not see out of my eye.' Melnyk underwent round after round of surgery. Plates were incorrectly placed, abscesses formed, and shrapnel was left inside. It was only after nearly two months that volunteers from the 'Doctors for Heroes' project intervened, helping transfer him to a new hospital and a new program to reconstruct his face. 'We scan the skull, create a digital model and print titanium plates layer by layer,' said Kopchak, pulling up a CT scan of a patient's smashed jaw. 'It's like rebuilding a shattered vase. Every fragment matters.' Advertisement Melnyk has endured more than 50 operations. Last fall, he was preparing for what he hoped would be the last. 'The main thing was to be able to chew and eat because that's energy for a person, especially a soldier,' he said. He has since returned to duty at the front. Artur Tkachenko returned from the front, hoping he had put the worst of the war behind him. It was just weeks later, when he, his wife, Julia, and their 20-month-old daughter were visiting his parents, that the missile struck. The explosion that killed his parents also injured his wife and daughter, hurling the little girl more than 20 yards. When he regained consciousness, Tkachenko, now 37, did not recognize the face in the mirror. 'It was very different,' he said from a hospital bed in Kyiv, still struggling to find words. 'I couldn't feel parts of it. I couldn't even talk.' He had suffered severe damage to his skull and facial bones. 'Shrapnel was embedded deep inside his head — one piece was even protruding when he arrived,' said Dr. Roman Kozak, the surgeon who performed the initial reconstructive surgery last year. It was an exceedingly complex case, the doctors said, that showed both the possibility and some limitations of technology. Kozak and his team collaborated with bioengineers to digitally reconstruct Tkachenko's shattered face. With 3D printing, they created implants tailored to his unique facial structure, to hold bone fragments in place. 'Now, we are preparing for a second surgery to reconstruct his lower eyelid and remove the metal plates, which pose a risk of infection due to their proximity to the nasal sinuses,' Kozak said. Advertisement Back From the dead Nelya Leonidova is determined to help others who have suffered wounds like hers. The first thing Leonidova, now 45, remembers after being injured was the feel of cold steel pressing against her cheek. She did not know where she was, only that it was dark and a stench hung thick in the air — a mix of antiseptic and death. She was returning from a chicken farm to distribute food to local residents when Russian warplanes bombed the road. 'My first thought, piercing like pain, was 'the children,'' she said. 'Dying isn't scary; I know that now,' she added. 'The fear is leaving your children alone in this world.' Her children later escaped Russian-occupied territory, joining her first in Kharkiv and now in western Ukraine. She has undergone countless surgeries, many to correct earlier operations. Doctors from the Canadian charity Face the Future used a titanium implant, tailor-made, to rebuild her shattered eye socket. Leonidova now wants to study psychology and open a center to help others wounded in war. Her darkest thoughts have faded. She and her boyfriend, Nazar Zhurba, got engaged. 'I'm a tough woman — titanium facade, steel bite, and the stare of a pit bull after a fight, creating miracles like Medusa Gorgon,' she said with dramatic flourish. 'My gaze turns people to stone.' Not wanting to be seen After an exploding mine tore apart his face, Bohdan Poplavskyi did not want his sons to see him. Advertisement It is common, doctors said, for patients with traumatic facial injuries to want to close themselves off. Patients who are unrecognizable to themselves can find it hard to reclaim their place in society. Poplavskyi's progress has been slow — he still cannot talk and has little sight. Poplavskyi struggles most with the loss of vision, his family said. He was eventually reunited with his sons, who often guide him through the world, and it pains him that he cannot see them or watch them grow up. For such patients, 'the psychological toll is relentless,' Kopchak said. 'Imagine looking in the mirror and not recognizing yourself. Now imagine your wife or child seeing you that way.'

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