Why Russia's Engels air base became Ukraine's No 1 target

Telegraph

22-03-2025

First they felt the shock wave as it tore through their homes, then they saw the mushroom cloud.
Stunned residents of Saratov ran from their roofless houses after what local authorities called the 'largest-ever' aerial attack on the region, which scattered debris for miles.
Ukraine 's target was obvious; the style of its strike was seen before.
A swarm of low-flying, slow-moving drones overwhelmed local air defences and struck Russia's sprawling Engels bomber base, in southern Russia.
It was the third such attack in just 10 weeks but the timing was significant this time.
Hours before, Volodymyr Zelensky said he was willing to commit to a US-proposed ceasefire on energy targets, but warned that 'everything will fly' until actual parameters were agreed upon and documents signed.
The Ukrainian leader had just accused Vladimir Putin of yet again breaking his agreement with Donald Trump that he would halt attacks on Ukraine's grid and civilian infrastructure.
As a clear military target, Engels was not protected under any such truce. But the strike could be interpreted as a warning from Kyiv to Moscow – that even with energy raids off the table, they can still hit Russia's war machine where it hurts.
In the attack, Ukraine's drones hit a huge stockpile of munitions, aviation fuel and – according to analysts – recently delivered cruise missiles, igniting a series of violent secondary explosions that turned the sky a menacing red.
The Ukrainian Centre for Strategic Communication (Stratcom) mocked afterwards, saying Engels 'is now facing serious difficulties'.
Russian sources reported the damage was 'massive' and satellite images later showed multiple huge warehouses on the site were entirely wiped out.
It was the clearest sign yet that the Soviet-era base, home to Putin's prized nuclear-capable heavy strategic bombers, had been pushed to the top of Ukraine's target list.
The long-range raid, like the ones before it, was audacious, precise and smartly timed.
Ukraine has always chosen its high-value targets carefully – knowing Russia 's missile arsenal dwarfs its own – and hitting high-value targets at opportune moments.
Last week was proof, when Ukraine targeted the Russian capital with its largest-ever drone bombardment of the war just hours before high-level delegations from Washington and Kyiv were due to meet in Saudi Arabia.
It served as a reminder that despite three years of grinding war and huge losses, Ukraine can still hit back.
Dmytro Zhmailo, the executive director of the Ukrainian Security and Cooperation Center, said the destruction of military facilities in Engels has always been a 'priority goal' for Ukraine.
He said the long-range missiles the strike targeted would be used to bomb Ukraine, while the secondary detonation of the ammunition 'could have destroyed or damaged Tu-95 and Tu-160 aircraft along with their flight and technical crew'.
In other words, it underscores Ukraine's ability to aim 'left of the boom' – US army slang for getting ahead of a problem by striking the source – prevent (or get 'left' of) an attack before it happens.
Ukraine has increasingly been targeting weapons factories, ammunition warehouses and aviation fuel depots far inside Russia, grinding down Russia's ability to wage war and blunting its crippling aerial bombardment.
Over 400 miles east of Ukraine's frontline and 450 miles south of Moscow, Engels houses three types of Russian strategic bombers, Tu-95, Tu-22 and Tu-160, which are all regularly used to launch strikes on Ukrainian cities.
Built in 1952, it is also the only permanent base for the Tu-160, Russia's largest and fastest supersonic bomber also known as 'White Swan' to the Russian air force and 'Blackjack' to Nato.
Before the war, Engels was the main base for all Russian missile carriers and aircraft cruise missiles. According to Maxim Starchak, an expert on Russian defence and strategic weapons, it had housed 16 Tu-160s and 18 Tu-95s.
But in December 2022, Ukraine hit the base three separate times, when its military was first showing its ability to successfully penetrate Russia's air defences and strike long-range targets, damaging a Tu-22 and a Tu-95
After that, 'at least two-thirds of the aircraft were relocated to other military airfields in the country,' Mr Starchak told The Telegraph.
Engels, however, remains a critical launch base for long-range strikes on Ukraine.
And the airbase has had a rough time of it lately.
On Jan 8, Ukrainian drones targeted a fuel depot there, triggering a huge blaze that raged for six days as it burnt through thousands of litres of precious jet fuel.
Just hours after the fire was finally contained on Jan 14, drones struck the same target a second time. 'There will be no rest for the wicked,' Ukraine's Stratcom warned.
On the morning of the March 20 strike, Ukrainian accounts say there were three Tu-95 and two Tu-160 strategic bombers at Engels.
But the aircraft was not the target.
Andrii Kovalenko, the head of Ukraine's Center for Countering Disinformation, said that the strike caused a significant loss of missiles, including the Kh-101, estimated to cost $13 million (£ 10 million) a piece.
Mr Kovalenko said: 'The exact number will be determined later. This airbase stores the largest stockpile of missiles used by Russia's strategic aviation for strikes against Ukraine.'
The footage of the strike also supports his report.
The size of the explosion, the mushroom cloud it produced, and the subsequent fires it triggered, are in line with the theory that a weapons storage area was hit — and well.
Open-source analysts reported that an Il-76 Candid airlifter had recently arrived, supposedly carrying additional missiles for the bombers.
A bomber – although incredibly costly – can be replaced, but destroying a warehouse full of long-range cruise missiles has the potential to reduce the capabilities of Russia's strategic bombing fleet 'for months', said Mr Starchak.
He added: 'The Kh-101 and Kh-55 are expensive missiles that still have Western components in their composition, access to which is limited, which means these missiles are produced in small batches.
'If Russia has lost a significant supply of them, the effect will be very large.'
The strike also underscores the ability of relatively slow and low-flying Ukrainian drones, which are often hard to detect, to travel deep into Russian territory and strike strategic military targets.
It also points to critical issues in Russian air defence capabilities.'There are not enough air defence systems [in Russia], and they are not being used effectively in all areas,' said Mr Starchak.
For now, it is unlikely Ukraine will strike Engels again soon as Russia will be busy transferring additional air defences there, dragging them away from another target.
Instead, its military will likely be looking to strike next where Russia is not prepared.
Mr Zhmailo said: 'Engels is certainly an important target, but it is not the only one in the priority of the Ukrainian military.'
Ukraine plans to produce 30,000 long-range drones in 2025. Kyiv knows where Russia's airfields are and they are large, stationary and visible targets. Ukraine is also reported to have tested a drone with a 3,000km range, potentially putting even more Russian targets within each.
If Ukraine's targets are limited as part of Mr Trump's plans to push towards peace, Mr Zhmailo said to expect near-daily strikes deep inside Russian territory.
And on the political front, as Mr Zelenksy prepares for the next round of peace negotiations in Saudi Arabia, his country has proven it has far more cards to play.