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Southern Europe Battles Deadly Wildfires

Southern Europe Battles Deadly Wildfires

New York Times3 days ago
Wildfires were raging on Wednesday in southern Europe, where thousands of firefighters were struggling to beat back flames fed by high winds and scorching heat.
Extreme temperatures have gripped much of the region since Friday, fueling fires that had claimed at least two lives in recent days. On Wednesday, the toll continued to climb.
At least four more people were confirmed dead from the blazes, which were burning in Spain, Greece, Turkey, Montenegro and Albania. Dozens of people, including firefighters, have been injured.
The authorities in Greece have deployed nearly 5,000 firefighters and 62 aircraft, along with several Coast Guard vessels, and they warned on Wednesday of a 'very difficult' day ahead.
'A very high fire risk is predicted for most areas of the country,' Vassilis Vathrakoyiannis, the country's fire service spokesman, said in a Greek-language statement.
He said that strong winds were blowing on the popular tourist island of Chios, where a fire had split into two fronts that were nearing residential areas. High winds were also complicating firefighting efforts in Preveza, a city on the western coast, and in Patras, in the northern part of the Peloponnese.
Spain has also been hard hit by wildfires this week amid dangerous temperatures that have dried out vegetation across the region, making already arid places even more combustible.
At least 14 active fires were burning on Wednesday, the minister of ecological transition, Sara Aagesen, said in an interview on Cadena SER radio. The country's national military emergency unit said in a post on X that at least 1,000 soldiers had been deployed to help fight the fires.
Local officials said a 35-year-old volunteer had died fighting the fire in the region of Castilla y León, while seven other people were seriously injured and 8,200 had been evacuated in the region.
At least 15 people were injured in the fires in Galicia, the regional emergency services said in a post on X.
In Turkey, the interior minister said on Tuesday night that about 1,800 emergency workers and 19 aircraft were battling a blaze in the coastal city of Canakkale. On Wednesday, the government's chief spokesman, Burhanettin Duran, said that a man had been killed when a fire truck overturned.
Casualties tied to wildfires were also reported in Montenegro, where the defense ministry said an army sergeant had died and another was seriously injured when the water tanker they were driving overturned, and in Albania, where the government said at least one person died.
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Fires keep burning in western Spain as army is deployed
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As Spain enters its third week of heatwave alerts, firefighters continue to battle blazes in the northwest and west of the country, with army units deployed to help contain the blazes. Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said he had held a "coordination meeting" Saturday, as France and Italy sent water bombers to an air base near Salamanca to help with the firefighting efforts. "The government continues to work to fight the fire with all the means at its disposal," he said on X. The most serious forest fires were in the northwest and west of the country, in the regions of Castile and Leon, Galicia, Asturias and Extremadura. Around 10 roads remain closed across the country, as well as the train line between Madrid and Galicia. Emergency services in Galicia sent alert messages urging residents in dozens of towns to take precautions. "If you receive this alert: remain calm and read the text carefully," the alerts said. "As the fires spread, avoid all unnecessary travel and stay indoors. If you are outside and have nowhere to stay, move away from the affected areas." Around 3,500 military from a special emergency unit were deployed around the country, with some political leaders calling for more. Alfonso Fernandez Manueco, the centre-right president of Castile and Leon, asked Sanchez's government "for an exceptional response: we need more army personnel at the disposal of the regions". Extremadura has also made an official request for reinforcements. In Spain, firefighting is in principle the responsibility of the regions with the central government only intervening in the event of a major disaster. Spain is expected to remain on heat alert until Monday, the extreme temperatures having significantly increased the risk of wildfires. Smoke from wildfires in Spain and Portugal has reached the UK, the country's Met Office reported. Since the beginning of the year, more than 157,000 hectares have been reduced to ashes in Spain, according to the real-time map of the European Forest Fire Information System (Effis). mig/gv/jj

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On Saturday, the people of Paüls will celebrate the feast of their patron saint, Sant Roc, with a mass, followed by a communal meal eaten at stone tables, jota folk dances and a profound and lingering sense of relief. Last month's wildfire – which turned the night skies a hellish orange, blackened the surrounding hills and devoured 3,300 hectares (8,154 acres) of land – was a near-disaster that stirred memories of the 2009 blaze in nearby Horta de Sant Joan that killed five firefighters. 'People were afraid that everything would burn and that they'd lose everything,' says Enric Adell, the mayor of the small Catalan mountain town. 'They were scared of getting trapped and not being able to get out of the village.' The fear of a fire like that, he adds, is unlike any other kind of fear. 'We've been through a pandemic and a nationwide power cut and torrential rains, but a fire on this scale was something else – as was the aftermath,' says Adell. In the hills above the village square, the charred trees are a reminder of what could have happened without the bravery of hundreds of firefighters, one of whom, Antonio Serrano, lost his life. Changing winds and sheer luck also played a part. 'When a fire hits,' says the mayor, 'it really leaves its mark.' This summer's fires have already left their mark across the length and breadth of Spain, from Galicia and Castilla y León in the north-west to Catalonia in the north-east, from the smart suburbs outside Madrid to Extremadura in the south-west, and all the way down to the beaches of Tarifa in Andalucía. As well as panic and the increasingly familiar tang of smoke, this year's fires have brought with them a sense of deja vu. The hot, deadly summer of 2022 yielded images that laid bare Spain's huge vulnerability as the effects of the climate emergency became increasingly plain. Footage that went around the world that July showed Ángel Martín, a 53-year-old man from Tábara in Castilla y León, using one of his excavators to try to stop the fires in the Sierra de la Culebra reaching the town. In the video, the machine is engulfed by the flames before Martín runs out of the inferno, the clothes burning off his frame. Martín, a much-loved figure in Tábara, suffered burns to 80% of his body and died in hospital three months later. Three years on, Spain is once again on the defensive. 'The fires are one of the parts of the impact of that climate change, which is why we have to do all we can when it comes to prevention,' the country's environment minister, Sara Aagesen, told Cadena Ser radio this week. 'Our country is especially vulnerable to climate change. We have resources now but, given that the scientific evidence and the general expectation point to it having an ever greater impact, we need to work to reinforce and professionalise those resources.' 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If you have annual heatwaves that arrive one after the other – and last longer and longer – in a country where decades of rural depopulation have left huge areas of land untended, overgrown or given over to homogenous cultivation, then you will have massive fires that are getting harder to fight. As one Spanish scientist noted earlier this week: 'We have all the ingredients for the molotov cocktail we're seeing right now.' Cristina Montiel, a professor at Madrid's Complutense University and an expert in forest fires and land use, says that while Spain's firefighters and other emergency services are doing an 'extraordinarily magnificent' job that is keeping far greater disasters at bay, the problem lies with society as a whole. Despite the annual fires and the abundance of evidence, she says, 'it turns out that we are not – and we do not want to be – aware of the danger in which we're living'. If we were even a little aware, she adds, 'we would take the measures and decisions to protect ourselves'. Fifty years ago, says Montiel, most forest fires were intentional. But today's forest fires are increasingly caused by accidents or negligence and are spreading so voraciously because of two factors: landscape change and climate change. It is an explosive combination. This year's heavy spring rains led to an increase in plant growth that has now been dried out by successive heatwaves, leaving all that combustible vegetation, much of it in neglected areas, ready to serve as fuel for the fires. The situation is further complicated by the phenomenon of 'flash droughts', which can quickly dry out even well-irrigated agricultural land, and which are likely to become more common as global heating continues. Paüls is a case in point. Its population has dwindled over the decades and fewer and fewer people in the area work the land because of the shrinking economic rewards. 'If there were 100 people working the land before, now there are 30,' says Adell. 'If the same policies continue and things remain as hard as they are, then in a few years, there'll be almost no one.' All those years of abandonment had left ravines, gullies and pine forests overgrown and made them into temperature-activated timebombs. Last month's fire, says the mayor, was simply uncontrollable: 'We saw that there was no way of stopping it.' If there is much truth in the idea that preparation is all – and in the old maxim that 'fires are put out in winter' – the challenge now lies in undoing decades of neglect and bad planning that have seen the landscape forgotten and the appearance of housing developments in hazardous places. But Montiel cautions that the much-needed rethink will be neither quick nor easy. 'If things took a turn for the worse 50 years ago, we can now start changing them for the better,' she says. 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'We could buy 200 more helicopters and it won't solve the problem. It's all about prevention and management.' There's no point talking about more aeroplanes. By thinking we just need to put them out we're creating an unsustainable situation The scheme also helps shepherds increase their existing incomes as those who participate can sell their meat or cheese at a premium as certified Ramats de Foc, so consumers know the produce is contributing to the preservation of the environment and the survival of traditional agriculture. About 120 shepherds have joined the project, which covers about 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres) in Catalonia. Similar schemes are planned or under way in the Canary Islands and Andalucía. Arcarons says that depopulation – and decreasing dependence on woodlands for building material and grazing since the 1960s – has caused what was once a patchwork of vineyards, olive groves and wheat fields to revert to dense forest. 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