Choosing a tree? Not so fast.

Chicago Tribune

04-05-2025

'I want one that grows fast.' Often, that's the first criterion for homeowners shopping for a tree. But there's a catch.
'A fast-growing tree may require more maintenance and may not live as long,' said Sharon Yiesla, plant knowledge specialist in the Plant Clinic at The Morton Arboretum in Lisle. 'That makes it especially important to do your research and select just the right species or variety for what you want a tree to do.'
Look at all the characteristics of the tree, not just how fast it grows. Weigh the pros and cons of the tree and see if it is right for your situation.
Some trees that have a reputation for growing up quickly, such as silver maple and cottonwood, have weak wood or poor structure and are susceptible to breaking in storms, she said. Others, such as full-size varieties of arborvitae, may quickly outgrow the space or require frequent trimming.
'There are cultivated varieties of arborvitae that will stay smaller, but you need to choose carefully and not just buy what's readily available,' she said.
Some trees with a relatively fast growth rate, such as tulip tree and disease-resistant hybrid varieties of elms, can live for decades without causing problems. Other good choices include the native sycamore, with its interesting bark and form; the native hackberry, a sturdy species that resists most diseases and pests; and the native hybrid Freeman's maple, with its stirring fall color.
'Investigate all aspects of the tree, not just the growth rate,' she said. 'Balance the pros and cons as you make a decision.' In some cases, such as a small tree that will only reach 20 feet, a tree that grows slowly may be preferable.
Growth rates are relative. Even slow-growing trees are likely to add 8 to 12 inches a year, Yiesla said. A moderate growth rate usually means 12 to 18 inches a year, while fast-growing trees may add more than 2 feet annually.
Before you choose a tree, take a step back and consider carefully what you want it to do. 'If it's for privacy, there may be a better way to make a screen, such as shrubs or even ornamental grasses,' she said.
Taking the time to select the right kind of tree can save homeowners substantial expense and trouble in the long term. You can use the Arboretum's Search Trees and Plants tool to look for appropriate trees. It allows you to filter by many criteria, including growth rate. Or consult the Plant Clinic at mortonarb.org/plant-clinic by email, phone or in person.
Pay careful attention to the mature size given for each species or cultivated variety. Remember that trees grow wider as they get taller, and be sure you have enough room. Site any tree well away from paths, driveways and buildings.
Even a tree not known for growing fast will thrive better and grow more if you care for it properly. 'Give it plenty of space,' Yiesla said. Spread mulch in an even layer 3 inches deep in a wide ring around the tree, and keep that area weeded.
Most importantly, water the tree well. When a tree is young, it doesn't have much of a root system to collect and store moisture, so it needs extra help to get enough water to fuel the growth of roots, branches and leaves.
'Check the soil around the tree often to see if it's moist,' she said. 'Water it deeply whenever the top inch or so of the soil feels dry.' It will be at least two or three years before a new tree can be expected to survive on rainfall.
A well-chosen tree, well cared for, can add beauty, shade, privacy and many other amenities to a home landscape. 'Just take the time and trouble to choose wisely, to make sure you're investing in the right kind of tree,' Yiesla said.