Week-long celebration in Odisha as crocodile conservation turns 50
KENDRAPARA: Come Tuesday, Odisha will commemorate 50 years of its pioneering crocodile conservation projects on World Crocodile Day.
In 1975, three conservation projects were launched in the state for as many species - salt-water crocodiles in Bhitarkanika, gharials in Satkosia and muggar in Similipal. These initiatives have gone on to transform reptile conservation in the country.
'The main objective of the crocodile conservation project was to protect their natural habitats and rebuild the population quickly through captive breeding,' said Dr Sudhakar Kar, noted herpetologist and former wildlife researcher of the Forest department. Over five decades, these initiatives have become one of India's most successful wildlife conservation programmes.
'We are happy for the success for which Forest department has decided to celebrate 50th anniversary of Crocodile Conservation Project in the state on June 17 by organising week-long meetings, seminars, workshops, photo exhibitions, quiz and painting competitions,' said principal chief conservator of forests (PCCF), wildlife Prem Kumar Jha.
Dr Kar began saltwater crocodile breeding and rearing work in Bhitarkanika in 1975 alongside noted Australian herpetologist Dr H R Bustard. He is continuing his pioneering work even 13 years after retirement. Expressing concern over the increasing human-crocodile conflict in Bhitarkanika, he said forest officials have warned riverside villagers not to venture into creeks and rivers and erected barricades at several ghats to prevent attacks.
As per the latest census report, Satkosia gorge is home to 16 gharials, 1,826 salt-water crocodiles reside in Bhitarkanika National Park and around 300 muggers live in the rivers of the state.
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New Indian Express
6 hours ago
- New Indian Express
Week-long celebration in Odisha as crocodile conservation turns 50
KENDRAPARA: Come Tuesday, Odisha will commemorate 50 years of its pioneering crocodile conservation projects on World Crocodile Day. In 1975, three conservation projects were launched in the state for as many species - salt-water crocodiles in Bhitarkanika, gharials in Satkosia and muggar in Similipal. These initiatives have gone on to transform reptile conservation in the country. 'The main objective of the crocodile conservation project was to protect their natural habitats and rebuild the population quickly through captive breeding,' said Dr Sudhakar Kar, noted herpetologist and former wildlife researcher of the Forest department. Over five decades, these initiatives have become one of India's most successful wildlife conservation programmes. 'We are happy for the success for which Forest department has decided to celebrate 50th anniversary of Crocodile Conservation Project in the state on June 17 by organising week-long meetings, seminars, workshops, photo exhibitions, quiz and painting competitions,' said principal chief conservator of forests (PCCF), wildlife Prem Kumar Jha. Dr Kar began saltwater crocodile breeding and rearing work in Bhitarkanika in 1975 alongside noted Australian herpetologist Dr H R Bustard. He is continuing his pioneering work even 13 years after retirement. Expressing concern over the increasing human-crocodile conflict in Bhitarkanika, he said forest officials have warned riverside villagers not to venture into creeks and rivers and erected barricades at several ghats to prevent attacks. As per the latest census report, Satkosia gorge is home to 16 gharials, 1,826 salt-water crocodiles reside in Bhitarkanika National Park and around 300 muggers live in the rivers of the state.
The Hindu
7 hours ago
- The Hindu
World Crocodile Day: Appraising 50 years of Crocodile Conservation in India
India began its Crocodile Conservation programme in 1975, and this year marks 50 years of this initiative, one that has been more successful than most. India is home to three main kinds of crocodile species – the gharial, the salt water crocodile or salties, and the muggers. These species face increasing threats from habitat loss, poachers, pollution, riparian agriculture, artificial embankments, construction of barrages and dams, and illegal sand-mining. On this World Crocodile Day, which falls on June 17, we look back at 50 years of crocodile conservation, the status of these endangered species as of today, and what is in store with the recent launch of the New Gharial Project by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Guest: Professor B.C. Choudhury, eminent wildlife scientist who has worked on crocodile conservation since 1975. Host: G Sampath Edited by Jude Francis Weston Listen to more In Focus podcasts:
Hans India
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Success story of crocodile conservation project in Odisha
Kendrapara: As the Crocodile Conservation Programme in India is all set to observe its 50th anniversary on June 17, Odisha, the only State to house all three species of crocodiles, finds itself in a proud place in implementing the most successful conservation project of saltwater crocodiles. Before the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, came to be implemented, people used to kill the reptile freely for commercial purposes. The State launched the conservation programmes for all three crocodilian species- gharial, mugger and estuarine crocodiles in 1975, which no other State did so five decades back. Now, the conservation programmes have been able to change that scenario, according to a researcher associated with the project. While Bhitarkanika National Park is home to 1,826 saltwater crocodiles, Satkosia Gorge is the abode of 16 gharials as per the census report of January 2025. Around 300 muggers live in the rivers of the State, an official said. The conservation programme of saltwater crocodiles, facing extinction five decades back, at Bhitarkanika National Park in Kendrapara district, has turned out to be the most successful one in the country. Bhitarkanika is home to nearly 70 per cent of India's estuarine crocodile or saltwater crocodiles, said researcher Sudhakar Kar. Kar was earlier officiated as the research officer in the State Forest department. 'This crocodilian species is also found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Sundarbans in West Bengal. But its population in these pockets is considerably on a lesser scale. The saltwater crocodile population in Bhitarkanika and adjoining river systems has increased manifold from 96 in 1975 to 1,826 in 2025,' the researcher said. About one-third of the population comes under the adult or sub-adult category. Therefore it augurs well for further growth of reptiles' population, he said. Overall, the recovery of the species, which was threatened to say the least, has been on an impressive scale in general and in saltwater crocodiles in particular, Kar said. The success of the crocodile recovery project is principally due to the protection of their habitat and the mangrove forest stretches being conferred the status of wildlife sanctuary and national park. With the habitat coming under the protection of the Forest department under the Wildlife Sanctuary Protection Act, human interference in the river system and mangrove forest was proclaimed illegal, ensuring a safe and congenial habitat for the crocodiles, the researcher said. Before the enactment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, there was indiscriminate killing of crocodiles for commercial purposes and wanton felling of mangrove trees. 'I am a native of these areas. I have seen crocodile skin being sold in the market in the late sixties and early seventies,' he said. With the natural habitats getting protected due to legislation, poaching was stopped and the government took up the task of rebuilding the population through captive breeding as the survival rate of the crocodile hatchlings in nature is low because of predation. The effective implementation of the conservation programme was a difficult task in the initial years. But it picked up pace with the department making the people aware of the stringent clauses of the Wildlife Protection Act, he said. As part of the conservation programme, 'rear and release' technique was adopted by collecting eggs from nests in the wild and breeding them in the crocodile hatchery, artificially. Later the artificially bred yearlings were released in the wild. The survival rate of baby crocs is very low as fish and other aquatic species predate upon them. The rear and release initiative continued till 1995, he said. Kar said crocodiles are also an important part of the ecosystem and help keep the riverine ecology clean and guard the mangrove forest from tree cutters and poachers as locals are scared to venture into the mangrove forest. The Forest department, the officials said, is sensitive towards human plight. It has erected bamboo barricades in more than 150 bathing ghats to prevent crocodiles from attacking humans. 'It is only during the rainy season when human-crocodile conflict takes place in some places. We sound alert during this period in Bhitarkanika National Park jurisdiction,' the Assistant Conservator of Forest, Rajnagar Mangrove (forest) Division, Manas Das, said.
