logo
What We Are Reading Today: ‘Elephants and Their Fossil Relatives'

What We Are Reading Today: ‘Elephants and Their Fossil Relatives'

Arab News07-04-2025
Authors: Asier Larramendi & Marco P. Ferretti
Today, only three species of elephants survive—the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).
However, these modern giants represent just a fraction of the vast and diverse order of Proboscidea, which includes not only living elephants but also their many extinct relatives.
Over the past 60 million years, proboscideans have evolved and adapted across five continents, giving rise to an astonishing variety of forms.
Orange background

Try Our AI Features

Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:

Comments

No comments yet...

Related Articles

KAUST study reveals Empty Quarter once had vast lake, river system
KAUST study reveals Empty Quarter once had vast lake, river system

Arab News

time09-04-2025

  • Arab News

KAUST study reveals Empty Quarter once had vast lake, river system

RIYADH: The Empty Quarter, a vast desert on the Arabian Peninsula, was not always barren — a study by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, the University of Geneva, Griffith University, California Institute of Technology, the University of Texas, and the University of the Fraser Valley reveals that this region once had a lake and river system. These favorable conditions supported grasslands and savannahs, enabling human migration until droughts forced populations to move, according to a study published in the Communications Earth & Environment scientific journal. The study was led by KAUST Professor Abdulkader M. Afifi, with researchers Antoine Delaunay and Guillaume Baby from KAUST, and Abdallah Zaki from the University of Geneva. It highlights the impact of climate cycles on landscapes and human societies. The Empty Quarter, or Rub Al-Khali, is one of the world's largest deserts, covering nearly 650,000 sq. km, mostly in Saudi Arabia, with dunes reaching 250 meters. However, it was once much more hospitable. 'Beneath Rub Al-Khali's desolate sands lies a vibrant past of lakes and rivers,' Delaunay said. 'Our study highlights the transformative power of climate on Arabian landscapes and human occupation; further research is essential to understanding these complex interactions.' These water sites emerged during the 'Green Arabia' period, from 11,000 to 5,500 years ago, at the end of the Quaternary era. The lake, covering 1,100 sq. km and up to 42 meters deep, eventually overflowed, carving a 150 km-long valley in the desert. Based on sediments and landforms traced over 1,000 km, scientists suggest that rains from the northward expansion of the African and Indian monsoons fed these ancient waterholes. These wet phases varied in duration, favoring grasslands and savannahs, which enabled human expansion across the Arabian Peninsula. This study is part of KAUST's broader effort to understand climate, landscape, environment and human habitation in the region. KAUST Professor Frans Van Buchem leads another team studying ancient lakes in Wadi Al-Dawasir and their impact on human occupation near Al-Faw, a UNESCO World Heritage site. ''The formation of lake and river landscapes, along with grasslands and savannahs, would have facilitated the expansion of hunting, gathering, and pastoral groups into what is now a dry, barren desert,'' said Michael Petraglia, a professor of archaeology at Griffith University's Australian Research Center for Human Evolution. ''This is confirmed by abundant archaeological evidence found in the Empty Quarter and along its ancient lake and river systems,'' he said. About 6,000 years ago, a sharp decline in rainfall resulted in arid conditions that forced nomadic populations to migrate to more hospitable areas. These findings highlight the role of the African monsoon in transforming the Arabian Peninsula's desert landscape and shaping human migration. This narrative of climate change and human movement is crucial to understanding the potential impacts of current climate change.

Saudi Arabia calls for global satellite standards to spur investment
Saudi Arabia calls for global satellite standards to spur investment

Arab News

time09-04-2025

  • Arab News

Saudi Arabia calls for global satellite standards to spur investment

JEDDAH: Saudi Arabia has called for greater international coordination on technical standards and radio spectrum management to boost satellite investment and global collaboration, during the 40th Space Symposium in Colorado. The event, held from April 7 to 10, drew senior representatives from major industry players including SpaceX, Amazon's Project Kuiper, and Iridium, as well as EchoStar, Lockheed Martin, and Boeing. Saudi Arabia's participation comes amid its push to position itself as a regional cloud and connectivity hub with strategic access to Europe, Asia, and Africa. Speaking at a high-level panel hosted by the Kingdom's Communications, Space and Technology Commission on April 8, CST Governor Mohammed bin Saud Al-Tamimi urged alignment on technical specifications to create 'a stimulating investment environment in the space communications sector,' according to the Saudi Press Agency. 'He also highlighted its role in enhancing integration between local and international actors, enhancing market entry opportunities for all missions, and adopting technical systems that comply with specifications and standards, which will lead to reduced capital and operational costs,' SPA reported. Al-Tamimi reaffirmed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's steadfast commitment to supporting international efforts to advance the space and satellite communications sector. He noted that the industry currently relies on a range of proprietary, non-standardized technologies, posing a challenge to seamless integration. However, the CST governor emphasized that this also presents an opportunity to enhance interoperability, reduce manufacturing costs, and deliver improved services to end users. The session reflects the commission's continued efforts to advance the Kingdom's global leadership in the field of satellite communications, in line with the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030 to harness modern technologies for economic and social development. The Kingdom is home to the Middle East and North Africa's largest and fastest-growing information and communications technology market, valued at over $40.9 billion and accounting for 4.1 percent of gross domestic product, according to the US International Trade Administration. Positioned as a key technology services and cloud hub, the Kingdom benefits from strategic international connectivity via the Red Sea and the Gulf, offering the potential to serve European, Asian, and African markets. The symposium is a global forum for space professionals across government, industry, and academia, including representatives from PwC, New Space Group, and SEAKR, as well as Leonardo and BAE Systems. It aims to address critical sector challenges and drive innovation. On the sidelines of the 40th #SpaceSymposium Conference in Colorado, United States of America, His Excellency the CEO of the #Saudi_Space_Agency, Dr. Mohammed AlTamimi @msTamimi, met with Lord David Willetts, Chair of the UK Space Agency @spacegovuk. They discussed areas of… — وكالة الفضاء السعودية (@saudispace) April 9, 2025 As part of efforts to enhance cooperation in the space sector, H.E. Dr. Mohammed Al-Tamimi @msTamimi met with Ms. Janet Petro, Acting Administrator of NASA @NASA, to explore partnership opportunities in space exploration and advanced technologies, in Colorado, United States of… — وكالة الفضاء السعودية (@saudispace) April 9, 2025 The panel aimed to discuss the unification of technical standards in satellite communications, foster international cooperation, and provide an effective global platform for dialogue on the challenges and opportunities related to the expansion of these technologies, according to a press release from the CST. Discussions centered on supporting innovation, building an integrated ecosystem to encourage investment and technological progress, and enhancing regulatory frameworks while aligning global perspectives. On the sidelines of the Colorado conference, Al-Tamimi also held separate meetings with Lord David Willetts, chair of the UK Space Agency, and Janet Petro, acting administrator of NASA, to explore partnership opportunities in space exploration and advanced technologies.

What We Are Reading Today: ‘Elephants and Their Fossil Relatives'
What We Are Reading Today: ‘Elephants and Their Fossil Relatives'

Arab News

time07-04-2025

  • Arab News

What We Are Reading Today: ‘Elephants and Their Fossil Relatives'

Authors: Asier Larramendi & Marco P. Ferretti Today, only three species of elephants survive—the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). However, these modern giants represent just a fraction of the vast and diverse order of Proboscidea, which includes not only living elephants but also their many extinct relatives. Over the past 60 million years, proboscideans have evolved and adapted across five continents, giving rise to an astonishing variety of forms.

DOWNLOAD THE APP

Get Started Now: Download the App

Ready to dive into a world of global content with local flavor? Download Daily8 app today from your preferred app store and start exploring.
app-storeplay-store