'Epstein files' explained: Why Trump is under pressure
As Trump struggles to quell his supporters' obsessions with the case -- one long surrounded by conspiracy theories -- AFP outlines its history and why it has caused so much outrage.
- Origins of the Epstein case -
Jeffrey Epstein, a wealthy American financier, was first charged with sex offences in 2006 after the parents of a 14-year-old girl told police that he had molested their daughter at his Florida home.
He avoided federal charges -- which could have seen him face life in prison -- due to a controversial plea deal with prosecutors that saw him jailed for just under 13 months.
In July 2019, he was arrested again in New York and charged with trafficking dozens of teenage girls and engaging in sex acts with them in exchange for money.
Prosecutors said he worked with employees and associates to ensure a "steady supply of minor victims to abuse."
Epstein pleaded not guilty to the charges against him. On Aug 10, 2019, while in custody awaiting trial, authorities said he was found dead in his prison cell after hanging himself.
A separate case against Epstein's girlfriend Ghislaine Maxwell, who was jailed in 2022 for helping him abuse girls, detailed Epstein's connections with high-profile figures like Britain's Prince Andrew and former US president Bill Clinton. Both have denied any wrongdoing.
- Why are there conspiracy theories? -
Some people believe that authorities are concealing details about the Epstein case to protect rich and powerful elites who associated with him, including Trump.
Those ideas have gripped Trump's "Make America Great Again" (MAGA) movement -- but demands for more transparency have crossed the political aisle.
One key theory centres on a rumored client list of individuals who committed sex offenses alongside Epstein. The Trump administration has insisted that no such list exists.
Skeptics also allege suspicious circumstances in Epstein's death such as the security cameras around his cell apparently malfunctioning on the night he died, alongside other irregularities.
- Trump and the Epstein case -
Trump, who as a New York property magnate rubbed shoulders with Epstein, said when re-running for president that he would "probably" release files related to the case.
But since taking office, many of Trump's supporters have been disappointed by what they see as a failure to deliver.
The 79-year-old himself was dragged into the conspiracy theories after his former advisor Elon Musk claimed in June -- in a now-deleted X post -- that Trump was "in the Epstein files."
The Trump administration's efforts to appease demands for a full disclosure of the so-called Epstein files have largely fallen short.
A bundle released in February that promised to shed light on the Epstein case contained little new information.
Meanwhile, an almost 11-hour video published this month to dispel theories Epstein was murdered fell flat.
The camera angle showed a section of the New York prison on the night Epstein died, but appeared to be missing a minute of footage, fueling more speculation online.
And a memo from the Justice Department and FBI last week saying the Epstein files did not contain evidence that would justify further investigation was met by calls for the heads of each agency to resign. US President Donald Trump boards Air Force One at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland on July 15, 2025. - (Photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS / AFP)
- What comes next? -
Trump has been towing a delicate line -- saying he supports the release of any "credible" files related to Epstein while dismissing the case as "pretty boring stuff."
But even the normally authoritative president seems unable to arrest the disruption, as critics and even key allies call for more transparency.
Mike Johnson, the Republican speaker of the House, has not followed Trump's line on the issue and has instead urged the Justice Department to make public any documents linked to Epstein.
Meanwhile, Democrats have seized on the rift between Trump and his party by demanding his administration publish the full evidence held by prosecutors in their case against Epstein. - Ben Turner / AFP
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