Headgear actually helping rugby players
While some rugby players choose to wear headgear, those thin, foam caps don't prevent concussions, so many choose not to. But now, research has found isotropic materials may offer more comfort and protection for players. Nick Draper, Professor of Sport and Exercise Science at the University of Canterbury chats to Jesse.
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RNZ News
10 minutes ago
- RNZ News
A tobacco product tax cut slated for one year has been extended by two
NZ First's Casey Costello is the minister responsible for tobacco policy. Photo: VNP / Louis Collins The tax break for Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs) made by Phillip Morris has been extended for an extra two years. In July 2024, the government cut the tax on HTPs in half , in what it said would be a one-year trial subject to an evaluation. But NZ First Associate Health Minister Casey Costello told RNZ the evaluation would now be done in July 2027 and the reduced tax rate would apply to HTPs at least until then. Labour's health spokesperson Ayesha Verrall said the extension of the tax cut was striking, given the strain on the health system. "This government has the wrong priorities. It is giving tax breaks to tobacco companies now valued at over $300 million and the evaluation they promised, to check that it was helpful, is a total sham." Costello cut the HTP tax rate by 50 percent last year, with the aim that cheaper prices may encourage people to switch from cigarettes to HTPs. The cut was made despite health officials telling Costello there was no evidence HTPs worked to stop people smoking or were significantly safer than cigarettes . Costello told Cabinet she had her own "independent advice" which, when she released it later, turned out to be five articles that were either about different products, outdated, or offered only weak support for her view. Treasury said Philip Morris had a monopoly in the HTP market in New Zealand and would be the main beneficiary of the move. Costello's office told RNZ the tax cut trial would be extended because Philip Morris had to pull its IQOS device from sale last year , as it did not comply with requirements for vaping devices to have a removable battery. Last week, Costello ditched the requirement for removable batteries, saying Cabinet was advised this was the best way to resolve legal action from Mason Corporation, which owns the Shosha vape store chain. A spokesman for the Minister said with HTPs off the market for months last year, the original plan for an evaluation after one year did not make sense. "There wasn't an evaluation because of the withdrawal of HTPs from the market. Any report back would be meaningless as the cheaper HTPs were only available for two months," the spokesman said. "Cabinet agreed to extending the HTP review to July 2027 as there will be more market data available." The spokesman said the evaluation would then be able to show whether "a sustained price reduction encouraged uptake by smokers" and if it had helped reduce smoking. The assessment would also look at whether HTP use "encouraged smokers away from vapes" and the extent of "unintended uptake by young people". A March 2025 Ministry of Health (MOH) briefing to Costello, focused on how to evaluate the HTP tax cut, said Philip Morris had not initially passed on the excise reduction to consumers. "There was no price change passed through to customers for the first month, though this is an observation of value in and of itself," the MOH said. The briefing, obtained by RNZ under the Official Information Act, said Philip Morris had to pull its IQOS device just three months into the tax cut trial. "All HTP devices were removed from the market in New Zealand due to not meeting new safety regulations. This has meant there have been no HTP devices available for purchase for at least 5 months of the 12-month trial period." Costello has said that HTPs "have a similar risk profile to vapes", but officials from Treasury and Ministry of Health advised her they were much more harmful than vaping. In its March briefing, the MOH told Costello it would be difficult to assess whether people using HTPs had decreased their harm or not. "While we will be able to assess whether the percentage of current or recent smokers who use HTPs increases, we will not be able to track whether those same people were previously using, or likely to use vapes, for example, whether they moved from a safer alternate product to a more harmful one." Verrall said the onus should be on Philip Morris to prove its product was safe. "There is no reason why the government should be running a study for Philip Morris to help get its products used," she said. "This product is not a health product. It is a harmful product." Verrall said the latest update from the Treasury showed the HTP tax cut was forecast to cost up to $293 million if continued until 2029. "It's deeply worrying when our health system is underfunded that the government is giving away $300 million to the benefit of a single company with links to one of the coalition partners," Verrall said. The extension of the tax break for the Philip Morris products comes after RNZ published documents alleging a close relationship between NZ First and the tobacco giant . The documents, released in litigation against US vaping company JUUL, allege Philip Morris pitched draft legislation to NZ First as part of a lobbying campaign for its HTPs. The documents claim Philip Morris corporate affairs staff "reached out to NZ First to try and secure regulation to advantage IQOS". A lobbying firm advising JUUL claimed that NZ First leader Winston Peters had a relationship with Philip Morris and also that "any regulation he champions is likely to be very industry friendly and highly geared towards commercial interests in the sector". Peters did not address the allegations that NZ First received material from Philip Morris, but said RNZ's story was a "tissue of baseless accusations" and that engagement with the tobacco industry was legitimate. "Multiple government departments have themselves proactively reached out to, and met with, 'big tobacco' for direct feedback and advice on tobacco legislation," he said, in a post on X. Health Coalition Aotearoa and Vape-Free Kids want Prime Minister Christopher Luxon to strip NZ First of the tobacco and vaping portfolio but he says Costello is doing a great job. Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero , a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.
RNZ News
10 minutes ago
- RNZ News
Clinical director supports law change calls after two-month-old dies
Bellamere Duncan died at Starship Hospital on 19 July. Photo: Supplied Warning: This story has details of the death of an infant. A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) clinical director is supporting calls for a law change mandating medication be checked by two people before it's dispensed following the death of a two-month old baby after she was allegedly given medication at an adult dosage by a pharmacy. A member of the national executive of the Pharmaceutical Society agreed a change is needed, but said pharmacists need to be better resourced, adding the New Zealand pharmacy workforce "is in crisis". RNZ revealed Bellamere Arwyn Duncan died at Starship Hospital on 19 July. The two-month-old was allegedly given an adult dosage of phosphate by a Manawatū pharmacy. A coroner's preliminary opinion is she died from phosphate toxicity. The revelations have prompted the Ministry of Health and Health New Zealand to "urgently" undertake a joint review into the incident with Medsafe visiting the pharmacy to ensure they are safe to continue operating. The Pharmacy Council, which is also investigating, said it's "clear that an awful error has occurred". Bellamere's parents are calling for a law change that would make it mandatory for medication to be checked by two people before it is dispensed. Do you know more? Email University of Otago's Dr Jason Wister, a Senior Medical Officer neonatologist and Dunedin Hospital's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) clinical director, told RNZ he was in favour of the suggested law change. "I would be very supportive of that. That is the policy that we have in the NICU. I think that's fairly standard practice within NICUs, that all medications require two people to check them before dispensing. "It seems like that would be a safe, low-risk, high-reward situation that would take very little time and effort to mandate." Dr Wister said phosphate was "well known" as a potential for toxicity, especially in infants with "significant morbidity and mortality associated with it". Bellamere Duncan's parents were allegedly given an adult dosage of phosphate by the pharmacy. Photo: Supplied The medication was prescribed for preterm infants for their bone health and bone growth, he said, and a safe dose for a baby would depend on its weight. The label on the medication Bellamere was given directed her parents to dissolve one 500mg tablet of phosphate twice daily in a glass of water. Her parents gave her three bottles in 24 hours as had been recommended, totalling 1500mg. Dr Wister said the total amount she received would have resulted in a "massive overdose". "With regards to the effect of the phosphate toxicity, it would most likely be due to causing hypocalcemia (low calcium). "Phosphorus and calcium are in balance. As phosphorus increases, calcium decreases. An abrupt increase in phosphorus levels could have led to severe hypocalcemia which can cause seizures, muscle stiffening, cardiac arrhythmia, and laryngospasms." Lanny Wong a pharmacist, director of Mangawhai Pharmacy and a member of the national executive of the Pharmaceutical Society told Checkpoint Bellamere's death was "devastating" and she supported a "full, transparent investigation so the lesson can be learned from this tragedy". Wong said dispensing medicine like phosphate was "not a routine process" for a community pharmacy. "It is considered quite a complex process, require precise calculations, specialist knowledge and full attention." She said phosphate was given in a dispersible tablet. "It does require the pharmacist to have full attention to do the calculation, and sometimes to cross check the dose against the weight of the baby and with the prescriber before the dispensing go out." Wong said she was "fortunate" she had multiple pharmacists in her pharmacy, and had her prescriptions checked by another pharmacist if she was doing a "complex dispensing". Asked if there needed to be changes mandating a second check, she said there did, but said pharmacists needed better support. "I think it needs to change, but to change it, we need to be well resourced. We need to be well funded, and we need to be supported. That's what we need. But at the moment, we're simply not supported - let's just be frank, New Zealand pharmacy workforce is in crisis." Wong said New Zealand had 7.95 pharmacists for every 10,000 people compared to 9.3 in Australia, 9.1 in the United Kingdom and 9.6 in the USA. "So we are absolutely stretched. So our number do matter. There's a lower density of pharmacist means there's more pressure on people, longer working hours, reduced rate, and all the vital safety check has been compressed at the moment. "And on top of that, pharmacies are acting like a shock absorber as well for the rest of the primary health system. You know, for people that can't see GP, they're actually going to go see their pharmacist. And, you know, and the government wanting us to do more vaccinations and our jobs is becoming more complex, but we haven't received the funding or the support to help us do this." Bellamere was flown to Starship Hospital after she suddenly stopped breathing. Photo: RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly On Monday, a police spokesperson confirmed to RNZ police were undertaking inquiries on behalf of the coroner. If police detected any criminality then it would be up to the coroner to decide if they paused their inquiry while police carried out further investigations. Health Minister Simeon Brown told RNZ on Monday he raised the incident with the Director-General of Health as soon as he was made aware. "She assured me that there would be an investigation undertaken by both the Ministry of Health and Health New Zealand. That investigation is underway. "I am advised that this incident has led to Medsafe undertaking an urgent assessment of the pharmacy. A further investigation is being undertaken by the Pharmacy Council, and the death is also the subject of a Coroner's inquest." Health agencies would provide information to the coroner as needed to support the inquest. "It is important that the reviews are undertaken, and that the circumstances that led to this incident are understood. I expect that these investigations may propose recommendations, and that these will be reviewed once reports are complete." Labour health spokeswoman Ayesha Verrall said in a statement to RNZ she was "horrified" to hear of Bellamere's death. "I will follow the outcome of the review closely to see if there are opportunities to stop this from happening again." A Health and Disability Commissioner (HDC) spokesperson said the Pharmacy Council had notified HDC of the incident as was required under the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act. "HDC has referred this complaint back to the Pharmacy Council to manage as we consider they are best placed to address the issues raised." The Pharmacy Council said they were unable to comment further when asked by RNZ on Monday whether they supported calls for a law change. "Our enquiry and investigation processes are currently underway and, until these are complete, we cannot provide any further details. At the end of the process, we will make any recommended changes to ensure as best as possible an event like this does not happen again." Pharmac's director equity and engagement, Dr Nicola Ngawati told RNZ medicine doses for children were generally worked out based on the child's weight. "And so many formulations for children are oral liquids to allow for accurate dosing. These oral liquids may also be more suitable for certain adults, for example, people who are unable to swallow tablets. "Whether or not a medicine is manufactured in an oral liquid formulation is a commercial decision for pharmaceutical companies." Pharmac was always happy to consider funding medicines in an oral liquid form, one of our factors for consideration is suitability," Dr Ngawati said. Pharmac says medicine doses for children are generally worked out based on the child's weight. Photo: While in hospital Bellamere's mum, Tempest Puklowski gave Bellamere her drops for Vitamin D. Nurses also administered her phosphate. When they left hospital they were given some Vitamin D in a little bottle, and a prescription for iron and Vitamin D. The following day Bellamere's father, Tristan Duncan went to a Manawatū pharmacy with the prescriptions. He was given the iron, but said the pharmacy refused to give the Vitamin D as the staff thought the dosage was "too high for her age and her weight". The staff said they would call the neonatal unit and follow-up. A few days later Puklowski received a call from the unit to organise a home care visit. During the call she was asked if she had any concerns, and Puklowski asked if they had been contacted about the Vitamin D. They had not, and said they would follow up and rewrite the prescription along with a prescription for phosphate. A day after the phone call, on 2 July, Duncan went to the pharmacy to collect the medication and came home with just the phosphate. Unbeknown to the parents they had allegedly been given an adult dosage of phosphate. The label on the medication directed them to dissolve one 500mg tablet of phosphate twice daily in a glass of water. That evening they gave Bellamere her first dose of the medicine in her formula water. They would give her three bottles in 24 hours as was recommended. The couple noticed in that period that her eating was off, and thought she was "extra gassy," Puklowski said. "She was still feeding fine. She just wasn't maybe going through a whole bottle compared to what she was," she recalled. Then, the day after she got her first dosage Bellamere suddenly stopped breathing. Bellamere was taken to hospital and rushed to the emergency department. Once she was stabilised she was taken to the neonatal unit where she stayed overnight before she was flown to Starship Hospital. The couple had taken a bottle of the medicine with them to Starship Hospital. She gave it to the staff who saw that they had been given an adult dose. The staff then requested the original prescription which confirmed the script had been written with the correct dosage, but somehow the pharmacy had given the wrong dosage Puklowski said. "I keep thinking about how much she ended up having and it just makes me feel sick." Tragically, Bellamere died at Starship Hospital on 19 July. The couple are adamant they want changes to the system for giving out medication. "It's the sort of thing that can't really be overlooked," Puklowski said. "There needs to be something better in effect, rather than just relying on one person to make sure you're getting the right prescription, having at least a few eyes." The owner of the Manawatū pharmacy that dispensed the medication said in a statement to RNZ the baby's death was "a tragedy". "Our sympathy is with the family and whānau. This is a very difficult time. "We are looking into what has happened to try to understand how this took place. There will also be external reviews which we will work with." RNZ asked the owner how the medication was given at the wrong dosage, whether they disputed the allegations, when the pharmacy became aware the wrong dosage had been given, and what confidence people could have about other medication received from the pharmacy. The owner said the pharmacy was "devastated about what has happened and are investigating to find out how this occurred". "It is not appropriate to comment further at this stage." Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero , a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.
RNZ News
10 minutes ago
- RNZ News
Clinical director supports law change calls after two-month-old dies after allegedly given wrong dosage
Bellamere Duncan died at Starship Hospital on 19 July. Photo: Supplied Warning: This story has details of the death of an infant. A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) clinical director is supporting calls for a law change mandating medication be checked by two people before it's dispensed following the death of a two-month old baby after she was allegedly given medication at an adult dosage by a pharmacy. A member of the national executive of the Pharmaceutical Society agreed a change is needed, but said pharmacists need to be better resourced, adding the New Zealand pharmacy workforce "is in crisis". RNZ revealed Bellamere Arwyn Duncan died at Starship Hospital on 19 July. The two-month-old was allegedly given an adult dosage of phosphate by a Manawatū pharmacy. A coroner's preliminary opinion is she died from phosphate toxicity. The revelations have prompted the Ministry of Health and Health New Zealand to "urgently" undertake a joint review into the incident with Medsafe visiting the pharmacy to ensure they are safe to continue operating. The Pharmacy Council, which is also investigating, said it's "clear that an awful error has occurred". Bellamere's parents are calling for a law change that would make it mandatory for medication to be checked by two people before it is dispensed. Do you know more? Email University of Otago's Dr Jason Wister, a Senior Medical Officer neonatologist and Dunedin Hospital's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) clinical director, told RNZ he was in favour of the suggested law change. "I would be very supportive of that. That is the policy that we have in the NICU. I think that's fairly standard practice within NICUs, that all medications require two people to check them before dispensing. "It seems like that would be a safe, low-risk, high-reward situation that would take very little time and effort to mandate." Dr Wister said phosphate was "well known" as a potential for toxicity, especially in infants with "significant morbidity and mortality associated with it". Bellamere Duncan's parents were allegedly given an adult dosage of phosphate by the pharmacy. Photo: Supplied The medication was prescribed for preterm infants for their bone health and bone growth, he said, and a safe dose for a baby would depend on its weight. The label on the medication Bellamere was given directed her parents to dissolve one 500mg tablet of phosphate twice daily in a glass of water. Her parents gave her three bottles in 24 hours as had been recommended, totalling 1500mg. Dr Wister said the total amount she received would have resulted in a "massive overdose". "With regards to the effect of the phosphate toxicity, it would most likely be due to causing hypocalcemia (low calcium). "Phosphorus and calcium are in balance. As phosphorus increases, calcium decreases. An abrupt increase in phosphorus levels could have led to severe hypocalcemia which can cause seizures, muscle stiffening, cardiac arrhythmia, and laryngospasms." Lanny Wong a pharmacist, director of Mangawhai Pharmacy and a member of the national executive of the Pharmaceutical Society told Checkpoint Bellamere's death was "devastating" and she supported a "full, transparent investigation so the lesson can be learned from this tragedy". Wong said dispensing medicine like phosphate was "not a routine process" for a community pharmacy. "It is considered quite a complex process, require precise calculations, specialist knowledge and full attention." She said phosphate was given in a dispersible tablet. "It does require the pharmacist to have full attention to do the calculation, and sometimes to cross check the dose against the weight of the baby and with the prescriber before the dispensing go out." Wong said she was "fortunate" she had multiple pharmacists in her pharmacy, and had her prescriptions checked by another pharmacist if she was doing a "complex dispensing". Asked if there needed to be changes mandating a second check, she said there did, but said pharmacists needed better support. "I think it needs to change, but to change it, we need to be well resourced. We need to be well funded, and we need to be supported. That's what we need. But at the moment, we're simply not supported - let's just be frank, New Zealand pharmacy workforce is in crisis." Wong said New Zealand had 7.95 pharmacists for every 10,000 people compared to 9.3 in Australia, 9.1 in the United Kingdom and 9.6 in the USA. "So we are absolutely stretched. So our number do matter. There's a lower density of pharmacist means there's more pressure on people, longer working hours, reduced rate, and all the vital safety check has been compressed at the moment. "And on top of that, pharmacies are acting like a shock absorber as well for the rest of the primary health system. You know, for people that can't see GP, they're actually going to go see their pharmacist. And, you know, and the government wanting us to do more vaccinations and our jobs is becoming more complex, but we haven't received the funding or the support to help us do this." Bellamere was flown to Starship Hospital after she suddenly stopped breathing. Photo: RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly On Monday, a police spokesperson confirmed to RNZ police were undertaking inquiries on behalf of the coroner. If police detected any criminality then it would be up to the coroner to decide if they paused their inquiry while police carried out further investigations. Health Minister Simeon Brown told RNZ on Monday he raised the incident with the Director-General of Health as soon as he was made aware. "She assured me that there would be an investigation undertaken by both the Ministry of Health and Health New Zealand. That investigation is underway. "I am advised that this incident has led to Medsafe undertaking an urgent assessment of the pharmacy. A further investigation is being undertaken by the Pharmacy Council, and the death is also the subject of a Coroner's inquest." Health agencies would provide information to the coroner as needed to support the inquest. "It is important that the reviews are undertaken, and that the circumstances that led to this incident are understood. I expect that these investigations may propose recommendations, and that these will be reviewed once reports are complete." Labour health spokeswoman Ayesha Verrall said in a statement to RNZ she was "horrified" to hear of Bellamere's death. "I will follow the outcome of the review closely to see if there are opportunities to stop this from happening again." A Health and Disability Commissioner (HDC) spokesperson said the Pharmacy Council had notified HDC of the incident as was required under the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act. "HDC has referred this complaint back to the Pharmacy Council to manage as we consider they are best placed to address the issues raised." The Pharmacy Council said they were unable to comment further when asked by RNZ on Monday whether they supported calls for a law change. "Our enquiry and investigation processes are currently underway and, until these are complete, we cannot provide any further details. At the end of the process, we will make any recommended changes to ensure as best as possible an event like this does not happen again." Pharmac's Director Equity and Engagement, Dr Nicola Ngawati told RNZ medicine doses for children were generally worked out based on the child's weight. "And so many formulations for children are oral liquids to allow for accurate dosing. These oral liquids may also be more suitable for certain adults, for example, people who are unable to swallow tablets. "Whether or not a medicine is manufactured in an oral liquid formulation is a commercial decision for pharmaceutical companies." Pharmac was always happy to consider funding medicines in an oral liquid form, one of our factors for consideration is suitability," Dr Ngawati said. While in hospital Bellamere's mum, Tempest Puklowski gave Bellamere her drops for Vitamin D. Nurses also administered her phosphate. When they left hospital they were given some Vitamin D in a little bottle, and a prescription for iron and Vitamin D. The following day Bellamere's father, Tristan Duncan went to a Manawatū pharmacy with the prescriptions. He was given the iron, but said the pharmacy refused to give the Vitamin D as the staff thought the dosage was "too high for her age and her weight". The staff said they would call the neonatal unit and follow-up. A few days later Puklowski received a call from the unit to organise a home care visit. During the call she was asked if she had any concerns, and Puklowski asked if they had been contacted about the Vitamin D. They had not, and said they would follow up and rewrite the prescription along with a prescription for phosphate. A day after the phone call, on 2 July, Duncan went to the pharmacy to collect the medication and came home with just the phosphate. Unbeknown to the parents they had allegedly been given an adult dosage of phosphate. The label on the medication directed them to dissolve one 500mg tablet of phosphate twice daily in a glass of water. That evening they gave Bellamere her first dose of the medicine in her formula water. They would give her three bottles in 24 hours as was recommended. The couple noticed in that period that her eating was off, and thought she was "extra gassy," Puklowski said. "She was still feeding fine. She just wasn't maybe going through a whole bottle compared to what she was," she recalled. Then, the day after she got her first dosage Bellamere suddenly stopped breathing. Bellamere was taken to hospital and rushed to the emergency department. Once she was stabilised she was taken to the neonatal unit where she stayed overnight before she was flown to Starship Hospital. The couple had taken a bottle of the medicine with them to Starship Hospital. She gave it to the staff who saw that they had been given an adult dose. The staff then requested the original prescription which confirmed the script had been written with the correct dosage, but somehow the pharmacy had given the wrong dosage Puklowski said. "I keep thinking about how much she ended up having and it just makes me feel sick." Tragically, Bellamere died at Starship Hospital on 19 July. The couple are adamant they want changes to the system for giving out medication. "It's the sort of thing that can't really be overlooked," Puklowski said. "There needs to be something better in effect, rather than just relying on one person to make sure you're getting the right prescription, having at least a few eyes." The owner of the Manawatū pharmacy that dispensed the medication said in a statement to RNZ the baby's death was "a tragedy". "Our sympathy is with the family and whānau. This is a very difficult time. "We are looking into what has happened to try to understand how this took place. There will also be external reviews which we will work with." RNZ asked the owner how the medication was given at the wrong dosage, whether they disputed the allegations, when the pharmacy became aware the wrong dosage had been given, and what confidence people could have about other medication received from the pharmacy. The owner said the pharmacy was "devastated about what has happened and are investigating to find out how this occurred". "It is not appropriate to comment further at this stage." Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero , a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.
