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Mint
6 days ago
- Entertainment
- Mint
Will SC's push for online content rules bring clarity or stifle free speech?
The spotlight has returned to the limits of free speech for content creators in India, as the Supreme Court recently asked the government to frame a set of guidelines to curb obscenity and vulgarity in online content without curtailing freedom of expression. Multiple benches of the court, while hearing different cases on 15 July involving comedians and influencers, stressed the need for clear guidelines to curb objectionable content while protecting Constitutional rights. The apex court's directive has left content creators divided. While some welcome the move, hoping it will define clear boundaries for permissible online behaviour and reduce legal uncertainties and arbitrary measures, others fear it could threaten their creative freedom and lead to self-censorship. 'I'm open to guidelines that promote responsible content creation without stifling creative expression. As a roast comedy content creator, I already self-censor to avoid offence, but clarity on what's acceptable would help," said Shivamsingh Rajput, a Surat-based YouTuber who has close to 10.5 million subscribers across his five YouTube channels. 'A content classification system would be great. It would let audiences choose what they watch and take the pressure off creators. Dark humour has its audience worldwide and I believe India could benefit from a more open approach. This would allow our content economy to grow and evolve," Rajput added. Rohan Cariappa, a Bangalore-based creator who creates short comedy skits on Instagram and content about India's growing hip-hop and rap culture on YouTube, expresses skepticism on executing such guidelines. He has close to 500,000 followers across platforms. 'The idea of having a set of guidelines for creators doesn't sound bad to me, but the real problem lies in the execution. With the kind of population and the number of creators we have in this country, it is really difficult to fast-track anything," Cariappa highlighted, adding that as per the latest data, India is home to over 8 million active content creators. 'I also fear that such rules can be misused to arm-twist creators with different ideologies and affinities, be they religious, political, or any other kind. I have personally faced this when a comedy video of mine attracted a legal notice last year after a few complaints and my phone was confiscated only for the case to be quashed by the court later. People have also tended to try to pull down creators who have grown very fast. So, as much as the proposal sounds good, I am unsure whether it is feasible given the size of our community and country," Cariappa further added. The influencer marketing industry in India is expected to grow to ₹3,375 crore in 2026 from ₹2,344 crore last year, as per EY data reported by Mint earlier. The fresh debate on the creation of such guidelines for creators began with India's Got Latent controversy, where Cure SMA India Foundation accused five stand-up comedians, including Samay Raina, of making insensitive remarks about persons with disabilities. While hearing a plea, Justice Surya Kant verbally asked Attorney General R. Venkataramani to draft guidelines in consultation with stakeholders to ensure they align with Constitutional principles. 'What we would like is guidelines in conformity with Constitutional principles, balancing freedom and the limits of that freedom where rights and duties start. We want it to be comprehensive and debated openly," remarked Justice Kant. Justice Kant clarified that Article 21 (right to live with human dignity) of Indian Constitution overrides Article 19 (freedom of speech), especially in cases involving insensitive comments against vulnerable groups. On the same day, another bench of Justices B.V. Nagarathna and K.V. Vishwanathan discussed ways to curb 'divisive tendencies" on social media while hearing West Bengal-based Wazahat Khan's plea to club FIRs against him for posts on Hindu deities. The bench called for detailed deliberations to frame guidelines that balance objectionable content with Constitutional rights. Meanwhile, a third bench of Justices Sudhanshu Dhulia and Aravind Kumar expressed concern over the tendency of citizens to post 'anything and everything" online while hearing cartoonist Hemant Malviya's plea for protection against a case filed for posting a 'revolting" cartoon on Prime Minister Narendra Modi. 'What is happening today is people say and write all kinds of things without caring about the language they use online and on their shows," Justice Dhulia remarked. Mint spoke to lawyers practising technology law in India's top courts. They noted that the court's discussions and the government's plan to bring new rules align with existing laws like the Information Technology Act, 2000. However, they cautioned that new rules should not create vague or subjective definitions for terms like vulgarity and obscenity, as this could lead to misuse. 'The Intermediary Guidelines to follow already define such content under existing law to allow takedown. New rules shouldn't create separate or vague standards that risk curbing legitimate online expression," said Sidhant Kumar Marwah, Partner at Unum Law. The guidelines mentioned by Marwah refer to The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 that are a set of rules that require digital intermediaries such as YouTube, X, Instagram and Facebook to respond to user grievances expeditiously and remove harmful content. Nakul Gandhi, founding partner of NG Law Chambers, said the framework must begin by recognising that freedom of expression is deeply subjective. 'What's vulgar to one may be satire to another. The danger lies in converting personal offence into legal prohibition. Instead of rigid definitions, the law should focus on principled thresholds, such as: Does the content incite violence? Does it exploit or endanger a specific group? These are measurable parameters. But matters of taste, tone, or personal offence should remain outside the scope of legal sanction." Lawyers also stressed the need for safeguards under new rules to prevent arbitrary takedowns by platforms. According to Ankit Sahni, partner at Ajay Sahni & Associates, any government takedown request must have a written order with legal grounds and give creators a chance to respond. 'Transparency reports, time-bound reviews, and oversight by an independent grievance body can build trust." Marwah from Unum Law suggested setting up an independent regulatory body manned by experts, similar to the UK's Online Safety Act, to issue takedown orders based on clear, well-defined standards. However, legal experts warned of what overregulation can do. 'Vague or broad rules may stifle creativity, comedy, and critical commentary. Guidelines must be clear, transparent, and proportionate to protect free expression," noted Anupam Shukla, technology law and privacy practice at Pioneer Legal. Gandhi from NG Law Chambers further cautions that 'the direction seems more cautionary than empowering for creators. Seen in that light, moves towards broad guidelines, without any defined limits, risk becoming tools against creators, especially the independent ones who don't have the backing of big platforms or studios."
India Today
23-05-2025
- Politics
- India Today
Not my son, he's prisoner of war: When Gen Cariappa snubbed Pak dictator's offer
"Your son is safe. If you so desire, I shall set him free," said Pakistani President Field Marshal Ayub Khan, as he made a special offer to his former commander, General KM Cariappa (Retd), after the 1965 India-Pakistan son of General Cariappa, KC Cariappa, then a Flight Lieutenant was held in captivity by the Pakistani army after his fighter plane – a Hawker Hunter – was shot down by Pakistani forces in the Khem Karan sector of Punjab in September 1965, just a day before a ceasefire was will not seek for my son anything which I cannot secure for any Indian soldier. He is no longer my son. He is the son of India. Look after all of them [Indian prisoners of war] well. They are all my sons," was the terse message General Cariappa delivered to Ayub Khan. Ayub Khan earlier served under General Cariappa in the British Indian Army, and that might have been the reason for the special offer to his former Cariappa, who was later conferred the title of Field Marshal in 1986, refused to accept any special treatment for his son, Flight Lieutenant KC story of General Cariappa's principled stand is a compelling chapter in India's military history, especially relevant in the wake of the latest armed conflict with Pakistan following the deadly terrorist attack in Pahalgam, sponsored by the hybrid regime of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. India's retaliatory Operation Sindoor, after Pakistan hit civilian and military areas in India, led to a four-day intense mini-war, which was a significant escalation between the two nations after is also relevant as Pakistan Army Chief Asim Munir promoted himself to the rank of Field Marshal on May conduct of Field Marshal Cariappa reveals the discipline and integrity of the Indian military, which is in sharp contrast of the coup-addicted Pakistani army. A prime example of that is Ayub Khan himself, who elevated himself to the rank of a Field Marshal after toppling a civilian government in a coup in 1965 India-Pakistan War was triggered after Pakistani forces covertly infiltrated Jammu and Kashmir through its Operation Gibraltar. Even as Pakistan attempted to incite a local uprising in Kashmir, it moved its forces into Gujarat's prompted a full-scale military response from India in August forces crossed the international border, and advanced towards Lahore, while Pakistan launched counteroffensives. The war saw intense battles, including the iconic Battle of Asal Uttar, where India's Param Vir Abdul Hamid decimated Pakistan's Patton tanks. Meanwhile, the Indian Air Force (IAF) staged up close air support to ground troops while countering Pakistan's aerial attacks from US-supplied jets like the F-86 FORMER INDIAN ARMY CHIEF'S SON BECAME PRISONER OF WARAbout a month after the full-fledged war began in August, 27-year-old Flight Lieutenant KC Cariappa was taken captive on September 22, Cariappa had been tasked with striking Pakistani positions in Kasur in Pakistan."Indian airplanes were in action. Some of them were brought down by Pakistani anti-aircraft guns. On the last day of the war, an Indian plane crashed in Pakistan. The pilot was Flying Officer Nanda (nickname of Flight Lieutenant KC Cariappa) Cariappa. He was the only son of the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of free India, (then) General Cariappa," LS Sheshagiri Rao wrote in his book, Field Marshal KM Flight Lieutenant Cariappa's Hawker Hunter was hit, it spiralled downward, trailing thick smoke. He pulled the ejection handle. With the aircraft barely 100 feet above the ground, he crash-landed within moments. The force of the impact fractured a few bones. Through the settling haze, he saw soldiers in khaki uniforms emerging."As the artillery fire boomed, one of the soldiers asked the confused young fighter his name. 'Ft-Lt Cariappa," was the reply. "Are you Gen. Cariappa's son?" was the next query," author Sanjay Dutt wrote in his 2000 book, War and Peace in Kargil Sector."Realisation dawned then that I was in the custody of the Pakistani army," a 62-year-old KC Cariappa, who retired as Air Marshal, later told FIELD MARSHAL CARIAPPA REFUSED AYUB KHAN'S OFFERCaptured by Pakistani forces, he became a high-profile prisoner of war (POW) due to his father's stature. KM Cariappa was the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army. It was he who had led Indian forces during the 1947-48 Indo-Pak war, and was a respected figure, even among the Pakistani military, as many, including the then military dictator of Pakistan, Field Marshal Ayub Khan, had served under his command in the pre-Partition British Indian Khan once served under KM Cariappa in the North West Frontier Province, when the latter, as a young Colonel, was posted to the Bannu Frontier Brigade in Waziristan (in the present-day Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa).After being taken to a hospital, Flight Lieutenant KC Cariappa was sent to two weeks of solitary confinement in a cell with a battered charpai (cot) and three blankets."I hardly saw sunlight. Every time I was taken outside I was blindfolded," Cariappa told Dutt, adding he was interrogated by the Pakistani military during that then, the news of the high-profile POW had already spread, thanks to Radio his captivity, KC Cariappa was visited by Pakistani Army Chief General Muhammad Musa along with one of Ayub Khan's sons, who gave him a PG Wodehouse book and some cigarettes, he told The Hindu in was during the early weeks of Flight Lieutenant Cariappa's captivity that Pakistani President Ayub Khan called his former commander, General Cariappa. When the 66-year-old veteran received the proposal to secure his son's release, he responded with the powerful message of fairness and equality. The veteran stood by these principles throughout his entire career and IN PAKISTANI JAIL AND SOME NEW YEAR CHEERFollowing the visit of the army chief and Ayub Khan's son, Flight Lieutenant Cariappa was, however, reunited with his fellow POWs in a jail in Fort Dargai in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa."Food was terrible. We had pooris and a mug of tea for breakfast, and rice, two chapattis, lacey bhindi (lady's finger) and a soupy preparation of turnip for lunch, which was repeated for dinner," Cariappa told The Hindu in 2019."In the first week of December, the prisoners received their Red Cross parcels (under the Geneva convention pact), which indicated that they were now officially designated POWs," Dutt wrote in his 2000 book, adding that the Indian soldiers also received a parcel of biscuits and dried fruits from film actress Asha Parekh. They also received two volumes of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, which one of the officers would read aloud every their captivity, the Indian soldiers marked the arrival of 1966 with their own unique New Year's Eve, the officers managed to sneak some spirits from the medical assistant who came to treat their injuries. They brewed it in a pot along with dry fruits, biscuits, and even chapatis, welcoming the New Year with hearty swigs of their jail-made concoction."We wrapped up the pot with a blanket and placed it near a fire to prepare our brew, snake juice. For dessert, we had Marie biscuits and chocolates that we melted so we had almost the original Oreo sandwich!" Air Marshal Cariappa told The Hindu in CARIAPPA WAS IN PAKISTANI CAPTIVITY FOR FOUR MONTHSNot many days after the New Year's celebration, Cariappa was released. After nearly a month of intense fighting in 1965, the war ended with a ceasefire brokered by the Soviet Union in September 1965, which was later formalised by the Tashkent Agreement in January 1966."On January 22 Cariappa and six of his colleagues were put on board an aircraft bound for Delhi," Dutt coming back, Flight Lieutenant Cariappa continued his service with the Indian Air Force. He later went on to serve as the Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the South Western Air Command. He currently lives in his family home in Karnataka's Madikeri, where his father, Field Marshal Cariappa, lived after story of Flight Lieutenant KC Cariappa's capture and release during the 1965 India-Pakistan War is not just about war and bravery. It is also a testament to the principles of honour, sacrifice, and equality upheld by India's armed KM Cariappa's commitment to fairness, even in the face of personal hardship, was and still is an inspiring example of leadership and the two Field Marshals had two very different plays. While Ayub Khan crowned himself, Cariappa showed true leadership. One sought power; the other stood for principle. The proof of strength lies in character, not in InMust Watch
Hindustan Times
21-05-2025
- General
- Hindustan Times
Meet the two Indian Army generals who were promoted as field marshal
Pakistan's Army chief General Asim Munir has been promoted to the rank of field marshal for his apparent role in the recent India-Pakistan conflict. This move made him the second senior military officer in Pakistan to be promoted to the position. In India, the rank of field marshal has been conferred to only two officers until now: Sam Manekshaw in 1973 and Kodandera M Cariappa in 1986. Field marshal Sam Maneskshaw was conferred this rank in recognition of his service and leadership in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War. Born, 1914 in Amritsar to a Parsi family, Manekshaw was also known as 'Sam Bahadur'. After he completed his higher command course at the Imperial Defence College, Manekshaw was appointed the general officer commanding of the 26th Infantry Division. He was the first Indian field marshal, which is the highest rank in the Indian Army. His extraordinary leadership in the Indo-Pak war led to the creation of Bangladesh, in which his strategic brilliance proved instrumental for India's victory. In 1968, Manekshaw was awarded Padma Bhushan, the third highest civillian honour for his response to the Nagalan and Mizoram insurgencies. In 2008 he died due to a progressive lung disease. The first Indian commander-in-chief of the Indian Army was field marshal Kodandera Madappa Cariappa was the first Indian commander-in-chief and assumed position in 1949. While he is credited with many firsts, he had an instrumental role in the transition of the Indian military from colonial to independent India. Born into a family of farmers in Coorg province, his family called him 'Chimma'. After independence, Cariappa took the role of deputy chief of general staff and organised three successive attacks. The attacks were aimed at reclaiming the strategic areas of Naushera, Jhangar, Poonch, Zoji La, Dras, and Kargil. Cariappa was the first Indian officer to attend the Staff College, Quetta, and was later commanded the 1/7 Rajputs, making him the first Indian to lead a battalion. His career of three decades came to an end when he passed away on May 15, 1993.
Time of India
17-05-2025
- Politics
- Time of India
Mysuru unites for Tiranga Yatra to honour armed forces
: In a remarkable display of unity and patriotism, Mysuru witnessed an overwhelming response to the held on Friday. The event was organised to celebrate the success of and pay heartfelt tributes to the Indian armed forces. Tired of too many ads? go ad free now The yatra began after paying tribute to Field Marshal Cariappa at Metropole Junction and passed through the city's prominent thoroughfares, including Shivarampet, Chikka Gadiyara, and Devaraj Urs Road, before returning to its starting point. The rally saw the participation of hundreds of students, ex-servicemen, citizens, and representatives from various religious and social organisations, underlining a united spirit beyond political or communal lines. The initiative was led by , who emphasised the apolitical nature of the march. "This yatra had no party affiliations. It was solely to thank our brave soldiers for their extraordinary service during Operation Sindoor," he said. He added, "India has always stood for peace, but Operation Sindoor proves that we are equally prepared to defend our sovereignty when provoked. This mission was a testament to our strength, undertaken under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. " Prominent religious leaders, including Suttur Mutt seer Shivarathri Deshikendra Swami and Avadootha Datta Peeta seer Ganapathi Sachidananda Swami, Adichunchanagiri Mutt's Somanatheshwara Swami, Chinmayananda Swami, Rev Bernard Moras, apostolic administrator of the Mysore Diocese, and Maulana Riyaz Khader Baba, attended the event. The Suttur seer urged citizens to remember soldiers in their daily prayers and lauded India's strong message during the operation. Tired of too many ads? go ad free now Ganapathi Sachidananda Swami, recalling his meeting with Field Marshal Cariappa in the 1960s, spoke about the sacrifices made by soldiers. "When Yaduveer came and invited me for the yatra, I was having leg pain, but I called Suttur seer to see whether he could hold me during the yatra. Suttur Seer, without a second thought, assured all sorts of help, but the spirit of the event gave me strength. Seeing the turnout here has renewed my energy," he said. "We must salute our armed personnel for safeguarding the nation," he added. Seventy-nine-year-old Balasubramanya, an ex-serviceman (Indian Air Force between 1964-79) who served during the India-Pakistan war in 1965 and the India-Bangladesh war in 1971, said: "The Indian govt gave a befitting reply to those involved in terror activities. Though India is a peace-loving country, it proved that when it comes to the safety and security of the country, there will be no compromise." Political leaders such as Krishnaraja MLA TS Srivatsa, JD(S) MLC CN Manjegowda, former MP Pratap Simmha, and former MLA L Nagendra also walked in solidarity. Alongside them were thousands of ordinary citizens, college students, ex-servicemen, and members of different organisations, including BJP workers.
