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Hindustan Times
5 days ago
- Automotive
- Hindustan Times
Porsche billionaire owners forming platform to invest in defense startups
Porsche AG and Volkswagen AG's owners are setting up a fund to make defense-industry investments, hoping to ride a surge in European military spending. Ferdinand Porsche, the late founder of the sports-car brand, helped develop tanks for Nazi Germany.(Bloomberg) Porsche Automobil Holding SE, the holding company of the Porsche-Piëch billionaire owner family, said Wednesday it's forming a platform with partners it didn't name to invest in defense startups. The company is dropping a previous requirement that targets need to have not just military but also civilian applications. 'Our aim is to increase our involvement in the defense and defense-related sectors while maintaining our core focus on mobility and industrial technology,' Chairman Hans Dieter Pötsch said. The company also lowered its earnings guidance due to weakness in the auto industry. Tapping into new sectors may prove lucrative as Europe prepares to unlock hundreds of billions of euros in defense and infrastructure expenditures. Porsche SE announced in March it was considering a third long-term anchor investment in defense or infrastructure, separate from its holdings in VW and Porsche. Independent of the fund, Porsche SE said it's 'intensively examining' possible defense investments, with a focus on areas such as satellite surveillance, reconnaissance and sensor systems, cybersecurity or logistics and supply systems. The family's automotive empire has a long history of civil-military activities. Volkswagen operates a joint venture with Rheinmetall AG to make military vehicles, and Porsche SE last year made a double-digit million-euro investment in Munich-based drone manufacturer Quantum Systems. Ferdinand Porsche, the late founder of the sports-car brand, helped develop tanks for Nazi Germany. He designed the Beetle, used as a basis for military vehicles Volkswagen produced during World War II. The automaker later manufactured the Volkswagen Type 181, also called The Thing, for the West German Army and then for civilian customers in the UK and the US. Ferdinand's descendants — including his grandsons Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, who designed the 911, and Ferdinand Piëch, a former Volkswagen CEO — formed the basis of the owner family. Separately on Wednesday, Porsche SE cut its earnings outlook, citing lower profit expectations at Porsche and Volkswagen. The company now expects an adjusted group result after tax of at least €1.6 billion ($1.9 billion), from a minimum of €2.4 billion previously.
Time Business News
10-07-2025
- Automotive
- Time Business News
Porsche Modellautos: A Passionate Collector's Dream
For automotive enthusiasts and miniature collectors alike, Porsche Modellautos —Porsche model cars—represent more than just scale replicas. They are emblems of precision engineering, automotive history, and luxury. Whether you're a seasoned model car collector or simply a Porsche aficionado, diving into the world of Porsche model cars opens the door to a blend of artistry, nostalgia, and mechanical admiration that few collectibles can offer. In this blog, we'll explore the legacy of Porsche, what makes Porsche model cars so desirable, the different types of model cars available, tips for collectors, and how to start or expand your Porsche Modellautos collection. Founded in 1931 by Ferdinand Porsche, the Porsche brand quickly became synonymous with performance, innovation, and timeless design. Iconic models like the Porsche 911, the 356, and the Carrera GT have left their marks on motorsport and consumer markets alike. With each passing decade, Porsche has continued to redefine automotive excellence. Porsche Modellautos encapsulate this rich legacy in a form you can hold in your hands. These miniature replicas celebrate the marque's finest models, sometimes even with stunningly accurate interiors, paint jobs, and engine details. For many, owning a real Porsche may be a dream; owning a model Porsche, however, is a tangible reality that still carries the thrill of the brand. 1. Precision and Detail: High-end Porsche model cars are created with impeccable detail. Brands like Minichamps, AUTOart, Bburago, and Spark produce replicas that feature intricate interiors, movable parts, and even working suspension systems in some models. Every curve, logo, and finish is carefully crafted to mirror the full-sized version. 2. Historical Significance: Porsche has a storied motorsport history, particularly with Le Mans, Formula E, and rally racing. Many collectors love Porsche Modellautos because they can own a piece of racing history. Models like the Porsche 917, 935, or 919 Hybrid are reminders of the brand's legendary achievements. 3. Variety of Scales: Collectors can choose from various scales depending on their space and budget. The most popular are: 1:18 – Highly detailed, often for display purposes. 1:24 – A good balance between size and detail. 1:43 – Ideal for large collections due to their compact size. 1:64 – Often used in toy lines but also appreciated by serious collectors for their affordability and nostalgia. 4. Investment Potential: Like many collector items, certain Porsche model cars appreciate in value over time, especially limited editions, discontinued models, or those associated with iconic races or drivers. There are numerous categories to choose from when it comes to Porsche model cars. Here are a few worth exploring: These include vintage models like the Porsche 356, the first car to bear the Porsche name. Collectors often seek out early renditions for their historical value and old-school charm. From the Porsche Taycan to the Panamera and Cayenne, modern models showcase Porsche's evolution into a luxury and performance powerhouse. These models often have hyper-realistic features and updated liveries. Porsche is famous for its racing pedigree, and model cars often reflect this. From the Le Mans-winning 917K to the modern-day 911 RSR, racing model cars come with sponsorship decals and race-accurate liveries. These are rare and exciting additions to any collection. Porsche concept cars in miniature form offer a look into what the future of Porsche might look like—or what could have been. Some collectors love models that represent Porsche vehicles customized by renowned tuners like RUF, Gemballa, or TechArt. These offer a unique twist on the traditional lineup. 1. Start With a Theme: Do you want to collect all generations of the 911? Focus only on race cars? Or perhaps all Porsche Le Mans winners? Having a focus helps build a cohesive and meaningful collection. 2. Research and Buy Smart: Check forums, online marketplaces, and collector groups to compare prices and find rare gems. Limited edition models or those out of production tend to increase in value. 3. Mind the Condition: Just like real cars, condition matters. Keep your models clean and dust-free, ideally in a display case. Original packaging also adds value for collectors. 4. Verify Authenticity: Buy from reputable sources and check for authenticity, especially when purchasing limited edition models. Certificates of authenticity and original boxes often accompany genuine pieces. 5. Connect With the Community: Join online groups, attend diecast car shows, or even local meet-ups. These connections can help you discover new pieces, trade models, or simply enjoy your hobby with like-minded individuals. Whether you're just starting or looking to expand your collection, there are several excellent sources for Porsche model cars: Online Marketplaces like eBay, Amazon, and Etsy offer a wide selection but require careful evaluation for authenticity. Specialty Stores such as DiecastModelsWholesale or specialize in premium model cars. Porsche Official Merchandise through their online store and dealerships often include exclusive models. Collector Fairs and Hobby Shops where you can see the model in person and ask questions. While many model cars are designed for adult collectors, there are also Porsche toy models suitable for children. Brands like Hot Wheels and LEGO have created Porsche editions that are both fun and collectible. These models serve as a perfect gateway for young fans to fall in love with the brand. In a world dominated by digital gadgets, Porsche Modellautos represent a return to tangible passion. They celebrate the joy of collecting, the elegance of design, and the thrill of Porsche's racing and road history. Whether you admire them behind glass or use them as desk inspiration, each model tells a story of innovation, speed, and timeless design. So, whether you're purchasing your very first Porsche model car or adding a rare gem to a decades-old collection, remember: it's not just a toy or a model—it's a miniature masterpiece that carries the Porsche spirit. 2 Porsche Modellautos: A Collector's Ultimate Passion Porsche—just the name evokes images of speed, sophistication, and a legacy rooted deep in the world of luxury sports cars. But while many dream of owning a full-sized Porsche, there is an equally passionate and growing community of individuals who collect Porsche Modellautos, or Porsche model cars. These miniature replicas capture the essence of the brand in perfect, scaled-down form, making them accessible and enjoyable for enthusiasts of all ages. This article dives deep into the world of Porsche Modellautos, exploring their history, types, scales, reasons for popularity, and how to build and maintain a model car collection that pays tribute to one of the most iconic automotive brands in the world. Founded in 1931 by Ferdinand Porsche, the Porsche brand has become synonymous with performance engineering and elegant design. Whether it's the timeless silhouette of the Porsche 911, the groundbreaking innovation behind the Taycan, or the raw power of the Carrera GT, Porsche has continuously redefined what it means to be a sports car manufacturer. For collectors, Porsche model cars offer a chance to own a piece of this history in a tangible, miniature form. Every Porsche Modellauto reflects the brand's core values—precision, performance, and luxury—making them not just toys, but collectibles worth treasuring. High-quality Porsche model cars are crafted with incredible precision. Brands like Minichamps, AUTOart, Spark, and Bburago reproduce models with minute attention to detail—from the curves of the chassis to the stitching on the seats. For enthusiasts who appreciate Porsche's design philosophy, owning a model car is the next best thing to driving one. There's a Porsche model car for nearly every variant ever made. Whether you're fascinated by classic cars like the Porsche 356, obsessed with the various iterations of the 911, or intrigued by concept cars and electric models like the Taycan, there's a scaled replica to match. Let's face it: not everyone can afford a full-sized Porsche. But Porsche Modellautos offer an affordable way to experience the thrill of the brand. Prices can range from just a few dollars for basic die-cast models to several hundred for limited-edition, highly detailed collectibles. Model cars make fantastic display items. They fit well in office spaces, homes, or showrooms. They're also excellent gifts for Porsche lovers, collectors, or anyone passionate about cars. The scale of a model car refers to its size relative to the real thing. Some of the most popular scales for Porsche Modellautos include: 1:18 Scale: These are large and often highly detailed, featuring working doors, hoods, and even suspension systems. Ideal for serious collectors. 1:24 Scale: Slightly smaller than 1:18, offering a balance between size and detail. 1:43 Scale: One of the most common scales, especially for racing models. Great for those looking to build a large collection. 1:64 Scale: Typically produced by brands like Hot Wheels or Matchbox. More toy-like, but still collectible. Each scale offers its own advantages depending on budget, space, and intended use (display vs. play). These include legendary vehicles like the Porsche 356 or the early 911s from the 1960s and 70s. They're often the centerpiece of any serious collection due to their historic value and aesthetic appeal. Think Cayenne, Macan, Panamera, and Taycan. These models highlight Porsche's expansion into the luxury SUV and electric car markets and are becoming increasingly popular among younger collectors. From the Le Mans-winning Porsche 917 to the modern 911 RSR, racing model cars carry stories of endurance, speed, and victory. Many of these models feature authentic race liveries and sponsorship decals. Some collectors focus on rare or special-edition models released in limited numbers. These can include Porsche's concept vehicles or commemorative editions tied to anniversaries and special events. Interested in starting a collection of Porsche model cars? Here's a beginner-friendly guide: 1. Pick a Theme or Focus Decide if you want to collect classic cars, racing models, or perhaps every generation of the 911. Having a clear focus can make your collection more meaningful and easier to expand. 2. Set a Budget Model cars can range in price from under $10 to over $300, depending on size and detail. Set a budget and stick to it to avoid impulsive purchases. 3. Buy From Reputable Sources Avoid fakes by purchasing from trusted retailers, official brand stores, or well-reviewed online platforms like eBay, Amazon, and specialized die-cast shops. 4. Preserve the Condition Keep your models dust-free and avoid direct sunlight to maintain color quality. Display cases are highly recommended for protection and presentation. 5. Document Your Collection Keep track of what you own. Consider logging the model, scale, manufacturer, and condition to stay organized—especially if you're planning to grow your collection or insure it. While collecting Porsche model cars is often driven by passion, it can also be a wise investment. Rare models, especially those no longer in production or tied to special events, can increase in value over time. Just like classic cars, scarcity and condition play a big role in pricing. For instance, a limited-edition Porsche 911 GT3 RS by AUTOart might retail for $150, but in a few years, collectors may be willing to pay double or more—especially if it remains in mint condition. There are several great options to buy Porsche model cars: Die-cast Model Shops: Both online and physical stores specialize in scale models. Websites like and Diecast Models Wholesale offer extensive catalogs. Official Porsche Merchandise Store: Porsche itself offers exclusive models in its official merchandise line. Toy Stores and Hobby Shops: Ideal for entry-level models and budget-friendly options. Collector Forums and Auctions: Great for finding rare and vintage models. At the end of the day, collecting Porsche Modellautos is about more than just owning miniature cars. It's about celebrating Porsche's excellence in engineering, connecting with automotive history, and expressing personal style and interest through a curated collection. Whether you line them up in a glass cabinet, use them to decorate your workspace, or pass them down through generations, these models offer joy, nostalgia, and inspiration. Each miniature Porsche is a tribute to the real thing—compact in size, but massive in meaning. Porsche Modellautos are a fantastic way to indulge in the luxury, legacy, and lifestyle of Porsche. Whether you're a beginner looking for your first 911 model car or a veteran collector on the hunt for a rare Le Mans edition, there's always something new to discover in this exciting world. And the best part? You don't need a garage—just a shelf and a passion for Porsche. TIME BUSINESS NEWS
Business Recorder
02-07-2025
- Automotive
- Business Recorder
The Future of Sustainable Logistics
TEXT: Electric vehicles (EVs) aren't a new innovation, they're a revival of a technology that once led the way. By 1900, electric cars accounted for over 30% of all vehicles on the road. Early pioneers like Ferdinand Porsche and Mercedes-Benz were already exploring electric and hybrid concepts, with Porsche's 1898 'P1'model and the 1906 Mercedes Mixte showcasing remarkable foresight. In urban centers, EVs quickly gained traction thanks to their quiet performance and user-friendly designoffering a sharp contrast to the noisy, maintenance-heavy gasoline engines of the era. A 1917 photograph from the UK, depicting electric trucks lined up for charging, captures this early momentum. It's a visual testament to how commercial electric transport was already thriving over a hundred years ago. However, by the 1920s, the dominance of EVs waned. The mass production techniques pioneered by Henry Ford and the widespread availability of cheap gasoline shifted the automotive landscape in favor of internal combustion engines. Today, with the rise of advanced battery technologies and the urgent need for climate-conscious solutions, EVs are staging not a debutbut a remarkable return. We're not inventing the future of transport, we're reawakening it, with more power, purpose, and potential than ever before. Yet the EV journey is more complex than it seems. While we are witnessing a long-overdue revival of electric mobility with roots reaching back over a century today's adoption brings its own set of challenges. As the global focus shifts towards greener technologies, electric vehicles have emerged as the frontrunners in the race for sustainable transportation. However, growing concerns suggest that the EV boom might not be as enduring or universally beneficial as hoped. In regions where electricity production is still heavily fossil-fuel dependent, the true environmental advantage of EVs is called into question. The EV Dilemma: A Partial Solution: Electric cargo trucks have garnered significant attention for their potential to reduce emissions and improve urban air quality. However, their sustainability is somewhat compromised by the fact that much of the world's electricity is still generated from fossil fuels. In Pakistan, approximately 59% of electricity is produced from fossil fuels. According to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority's (NEPRA) 2022 yearly report, Pakistan's total installed power generation capacity is 43,775 MW, with 59% of energy coming from thermal (fossil fuels), 25% from hydro, 7% from renewable sources (wind, solar, and biomass), and 9% from nuclear. This heavy reliance on fossil fuels means that the environmental benefits of EV trucks are mitigated by the carbon footprint of the energy used to charge them. Currently, Pakistan's EV charging infrastructure is underdeveloped. The country has only a handful of EV charging stations, which are insufficient to support widespread adoption. Expanding this network would require substantial investment and development, which presents a significant challenge given the existing constraints of the national grid. For short-haul operations, EVs are indeed suitable. Their lower operating costs and reduced emissions make them a compelling option for urban and regional deliveries where distances are manageable. However, for long-haul trucking, especially in large countries like China, Pakistan, the USA, the European Union, India, and Russiawhere trucks frequently travel over 1,500 kilometres in one directionEVs face significant limitations. The current range of most electric trucks, typically 200-300 miles per charge, is insufficient for long-distance routes without frequent and lengthy recharging stops. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trucks: A Cleaner, More Practical Alternative: Hydrogen fuel cell trucks present an exciting and highly viable alternative to battery-electric vehicles. Unlike EVs, these trucks powered by fuel cells that generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, emitting only water vapor as a byproduct. This makes them a zero-emission option that does not rely on the electricity grid. One of their biggest advantages lies in infrastructure adaptability. Hydrogen refueling stations can be established by modifying existing fuel station setups, requiring far less investment than the wide-scale rollout of EV charging networks. On the road, hydrogen trucks shine in range and refuelling efficiency. They can travel up to 500 miles on a full tank—outpacing most electric trucks that typically manage 200–300 miles per charge. Even more promising is the future cost trajectory: hydrogen production currently averages $3–$5 per kilogram, but is projected to fall to $1.50/kg by 2030, making it comparable to the electricity costs for EVs. Take, for example, Nikola's Class 8 Tre fuel cell electric truck. In trials, it achieved 8.13 miles per kilogram of hydrogen, exceeding expectations of 7.1–7.2 miles/kg. With five 14-kg tanks (totalling 70 kg), it delivers approximately 500 usable miles per fill. Its average refuelling time of 22.2 minutesjust slightly longer than a diesel fill-upvastly outpaces EV charging times for heavy-duty vehicles. Operational efficiency is also impressive: overall uptime reached 95.4%, factoring in both vehicle and station availability, with the trucks alone logging 92.9% uptime. Now consider the local context. In Pakistan, commercial electricity costs average $0.157 per kWh. Given that heavy-duty EV trucks typically consume around 3.2 kWh per kilometer, the operational cost works out to approximately $0.50/kmsignificantly higher than ($0.21/km) what hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could potentially achieve as hydrogen prices fall. Pros and Cons of EV Trucks: Pros and Cons of Hydrogen Trucks : Pakistan's Road Network and Truck Demand: Pakistan boasts a road network that spans over 264,000 kilometres, with an increasing demand for efficient cargo transport solutions. The trucking industry is a crucial component of the national economy, with over 300,000 trucks currently operating. The demand (approx. over 50,000 units) for trucks is projected to grow due to increasing trade and infrastructure development. The Path Forward: Sustainable Logistics for Pakistan: For Pakistan, hydrogen fuel cell trucks aren't just an innovation they're a smart, strategic leap forward in logistics. By leveraging existing fuel station infrastructure and offering greater range with faster refueling, hydrogen technology provides a practical answer to real operational needs. Investing in this next-generation energy source aligns with Pakistan's sustainability vision, building a more resilient and future-proof supply chain. But it doesn't stop there. It will also act as a catalyst for economic growth drawing international investment into hydrogen generation plants and fuelling infrastructure, while simultaneously attracting global cargo vehicle manufacturers to establish local assembly plants. This convergence of clean tech and industrial development will help the country meet future transport demands in a smarter, more scalable way. As global logistics shifts gears toward cleaner alternatives, hydrogen-powered fleets could be the defining move that helps Pakistanand other emerging economies balance environmental responsibility with industrial progress. AnwaarNizami, Chief Executive Officer DSV Solutions and Road Pakistan Copyright Business Recorder, 2025
Time Business News
29-06-2025
- Automotive
- Time Business News
Porsche Modellautos: A Collector's Ultimate Passion
Porsche—just the name evokes images of speed, sophistication, and a legacy rooted deep in the world of luxury sports cars. But while many dream of owning a full-sized Porsche, there is an equally passionate and growing community of individuals who collect Porsche Modellautos, or Porsche model cars. These miniature replicas capture the essence of the brand in perfect, scaled-down form, making them accessible and enjoyable for enthusiasts of all ages. This article dives deep into the world of Porsche Modellautos, exploring their history, types, scales, reasons for popularity, and how to build and maintain a model car collection that pays tribute to one of the most iconic automotive brands in the world. Founded in 1931 by Ferdinand Porsche, the Porsche brand has become synonymous with performance engineering and elegant design. Whether it's the timeless silhouette of the Porsche 911, the groundbreaking innovation behind the Taycan, or the raw power of the Carrera GT, Porsche has continuously redefined what it means to be a sports car manufacturer. For collectors, Porsche model cars offer a chance to own a piece of this history in a tangible, miniature form. Every Porsche Modellauto reflects the brand's core values—precision, performance, and luxury—making them not just toys, but collectibles worth treasuring. High-quality Porsche model cars are crafted with incredible precision. Brands like Minichamps, AUTOart, Spark, and Bburago reproduce models with minute attention to detail—from the curves of the chassis to the stitching on the seats. For enthusiasts who appreciate Porsche's design philosophy, owning a model car is the next best thing to driving one. There's a Porsche model car for nearly every variant ever made. Whether you're fascinated by classic cars like the Porsche 356, obsessed with the various iterations of the 911, or intrigued by concept cars and electric models like the Taycan, there's a scaled replica to match. Let's face it: not everyone can afford a full-sized Porsche. But Porsche Modellautos offer an affordable way to experience the thrill of the brand. Prices can range from just a few dollars for basic die-cast models to several hundred for limited-edition, highly detailed collectibles. Model cars make fantastic display items. They fit well in office spaces, homes, or showrooms. They're also excellent gifts for Porsche lovers, collectors, or anyone passionate about cars. The scale of a model car refers to its size relative to the real thing. Some of the most popular scales for Porsche Modellautos include: 1:18 Scale: These are large and often highly detailed, featuring working doors, hoods, and even suspension systems. Ideal for serious collectors. 1:24 Scale: Slightly smaller than 1:18, offering a balance between size and detail. 1:43 Scale: One of the most common scales, especially for racing models. Great for those looking to build a large collection. 1:64 Scale: Typically produced by brands like Hot Wheels or Matchbox. More toy-like, but still collectible. Each scale offers its own advantages depending on budget, space, and intended use (display vs. play). These include legendary vehicles like the Porsche 356 or the early 911s from the 1960s and 70s. They're often the centerpiece of any serious collection due to their historic value and aesthetic appeal. Think Cayenne, Macan, Panamera, and Taycan. These models highlight Porsche's expansion into the luxury SUV and electric car markets and are becoming increasingly popular among younger collectors. From the Le Mans-winning Porsche 917 to the modern 911 RSR, racing model cars carry stories of endurance, speed, and victory. Many of these models feature authentic race liveries and sponsorship decals. Some collectors focus on rare or special-edition models released in limited numbers. These can include Porsche's concept vehicles or commemorative editions tied to anniversaries and special events. Interested in starting a collection of Porsche model cars? Here's a beginner-friendly guide: 1. Pick a Theme or Focus Decide if you want to collect classic cars, racing models, or perhaps every generation of the 911. Having a clear focus can make your collection more meaningful and easier to expand. 2. Set a Budget Model cars can range in price from under $10 to over $300, depending on size and detail. Set a budget and stick to it to avoid impulsive purchases. 3. Buy From Reputable Sources Avoid fakes by purchasing from trusted retailers, official brand stores, or well-reviewed online platforms like eBay, Amazon, and specialized die-cast shops. 4. Preserve the Condition Keep your models dust-free and avoid direct sunlight to maintain color quality. Display cases are highly recommended for protection and presentation. 5. Document Your Collection Keep track of what you own. Consider logging the model, scale, manufacturer, and condition to stay organized—especially if you're planning to grow your collection or insure it. While collecting Porsche model cars is often driven by passion, it can also be a wise investment. Rare models, especially those no longer in production or tied to special events, can increase in value over time. Just like classic cars, scarcity and condition play a big role in pricing. For instance, a limited-edition Porsche 911 GT3 RS by AUTOart might retail for $150, but in a few years, collectors may be willing to pay double or more—especially if it remains in mint condition. There are several great options to buy Porsche model cars: Die-cast Model Shops: Both online and physical stores specialize in scale models. Websites like and Diecast Models Wholesale offer extensive catalogs. Official Porsche Merchandise Store: Porsche itself offers exclusive models in its official merchandise line. Toy Stores and Hobby Shops: Ideal for entry-level models and budget-friendly options. Collector Forums and Auctions: Great for finding rare and vintage models. At the end of the day, collecting Porsche Modellautos is about more than just owning miniature cars. It's about celebrating Porsche's excellence in engineering, connecting with automotive history, and expressing personal style and interest through a curated collection. Whether you line them up in a glass cabinet, use them to decorate your workspace, or pass them down through generations, these models offer joy, nostalgia, and inspiration. Each miniature Porsche is a tribute to the real thing—compact in size, but massive in meaning. Porsche Modellautos are a fantastic way to indulge in the luxury, legacy, and lifestyle of Porsche. Whether you're a beginner looking for your first 911 model car or a veteran collector on the hunt for a rare Le Mans edition, there's always something new to discover in this exciting world. And the best part? You don't need a garage—just a shelf and a passion for Porsche. TIME BUSINESS NEWS
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First Post
28-05-2025
- Politics
- First Post
History Today: When Pakistan copied India and conducted nuclear tests
Just 10 days after India conducted nuclear tests in Rajasthan's Pokhran, Pakistan followed suit on May 28. The tests were conducted in five underground locations in Balochistan's Ras Koh Hills. On this day in 1937, the German company Volkswagen was established under Adolf Hitler's regime. Ferdinand Porsche was commissioned to design the vehicle read more The Pakistani scientists posing with a nice view of Koh Kambaran in the background. Facebook Tensions have been simmering between neighbouring countries India and Pakistan since the deadly terrorist attack on Jammu and Kashmir's Pahalgam on April 22 this year. Several nuclear stations were attacked during Operation Sindoor, India's retaliation to the attack. While the situation is now back to normal, it is important to remember that both nations are nuclear-armed. While India tested its nuclear missiles on May 11, 1998, Pakistan followed suit ten days later on May 28, 1998. It conducted five underground detonations in the Ras Koh Hills of Balochistan. With this, it became the seventh country in the world to possess nuclear weapons. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD If you are a history geek who loves to learn about important events from the past, Firstpost Explainers' ongoing series, History Today will be your one-stop destination to explore key events. On May 28, 1998, Volkswagen was established under Adolf Hitler's regime in Germany to create a people's car or Volkswagen. Meanwhile, Amnesty International was also founded on this day in 1961 by British lawyer Peter Benenson. Here is all that took place on this day across the world. Pakistan conducted nuclear tests Pakistan conducted nuclear tests for the first time on May 28, 1998. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) carried out these five underground nuclear tests near Balochistan's Ras Koh Hills. The tests, codenamed Chagai-I, were a direct response to India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests on May 11 and May 13 respectively. Pakistan's decision to test was driven by a desire to restore strategic balance in South Asia and to demonstrate its nuclear capabilities. While India's Pokhran tests evaded US satellite surveillance, Pakistan's preparations were monitored in real-time by Western intelligence, reported Economic Times. It further stated that American satellite surveillance detected the pouring of concrete into test shafts 24 hours preceding the detonations. The report further stated that US President Bill Clinton issued a last-minute plea, proposing $5 billion in aid should Pakistan desist from the tests. According to reports, the devices tested were primarily uranium-based, with yields estimated between nine to 40 kilotons of trinitrotoluene (commonly known as TNT) equivalent. This was followed up with a second test conducted two days later on May 30, 1998, known as Chagai-II in Kharan Desert. While May 28 is annually celebrated across Pakistan as Youm-e-Takbir (Day of Greatness) to mark the nation's nuclear advancements, it is viewed differently in Balochistan. Many locals there commemorate the day as a 'black day,' pointing to the environmental damage and health problems caused by the nuclear explosions. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD Volkswagen was founded On this day in 1937, the German Labour Front, operating under the Nazi regime, established the 'Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH' ('Company for the Preparation of the German People's Car Ltd.') in Berlin. The primary objective of this initiative was to manufacture an affordable automobile for the average German citizen. A Volkswagen Beetle being unloaded at Emden harbour, Germany to be sent to Mexico. File image/AP To bring to life Adolf Hitler's vision of a 'people's car' or 'Volkswagen', Ferdinand Porsche was commissioned to design the vehicle. He came up with the KdF-Wagen which later became known as the Volkswagen Beetle. The construction of the Volkswagen factory in 1938 in the town of 'Stadt des KdF-Wagens,' later renamed Wolfsburg. However, the outbreak of World War II shifted the company's focus to military production. Once the war came to an end, the British took control of the factory and revived the production of the Beetle . The car went on becoming a symbol of Germany's post-war economic recovery. Today, Volkswagen has evolved into one of the world's leading automobile manufacturers. Amnesty International was founded On May 28, 1961, the British newspaper 'The London Observer' featured on its front page an article by British lawyer Peter Benenson titled 'The Forgotten Prisoners.' This publication initiated the Appeal for Amnesty 1961, a campaign advocating for the release of individuals detained globally solely for the peaceful expression of their convictions. Benenson was inspired to author the appeal after encountering an article detailing the incarceration of two Portuguese students who had publicly offered a toast to freedom. Portugal, at the time, was governed by the dictatorship of Antonio de Oliveira Salazar. Outraged by the situation, Benenson composed the Observer article, presenting a case for the students' liberation and imploring readers to dispatch letters of protest to the Portuguese government. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD Amnesty International was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977 for its efforts to secure the release of prisoners of conscience. AP The response to the appeal was overwhelming, leading to the formal establishment of Amnesty International in July 1961. The organisation was founded with the support of various individuals, including Quaker activist Eric Baker and Irish statesman Seán MacBride, who became its first chairman, reported It was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977 for its efforts to secure the release of prisoners of conscience and combat human rights abuses worldwide . This Day, That Year On this day in 1999, Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper was reopened to public view in Milan. Neville Chamberlain became prime minister of the United Kingdom on this day in 1937.
