Latest news with #FirstStepAct
Boston Globe
30-07-2025
- Politics
- Boston Globe
Student senate scholars get lessons in democracy at Kennedy institute
'The government makes decisions for us, and we have to evaluate those decisions to decide the government we want,' Judge Seth Aframe of the First Circuit Court of Appeals in Boston told the student senators. 'How can you do that if you don't even know how it functions?' Kennedy-Breyer Civics Scholars students watched as committee vote results came in as a part of the program's Senate legislative process simulation. Ben Pennington/for The Boston Globe Advertisement Tuesday was the second session of the program named for the late Senator Ted Kennedy and retired Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer, his friend and former staff member. On Wednesday, the students visited the federal courthouse in South Boston to watch actual court proceedings. On Thursday, they will return for their own mock compassionate release hearing. On Friday, they will also visit the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum for lessons on the presidency. Civics education has always been important to Breyer, a Massachusetts resident who served on the Supreme Court from 1994 until his retirement in 2022. 'Civics gives context,' said Aframe, who helped develop the scholars program through the Breyer Community Learning Center on Courts and the Constitution Center at the federal courthouse in Boston. 'Civics gives background. Civics gives ways to evaluate good or bad, what's happening. Otherwise, you're just dropped into the middle of something, and how do you make sense of it?' Advertisement The 27 scholars are learning how. On Tuesday, before getting down to business, they had a Zoom call with Senator Edward J. Markey and asked him questions. Their queries ranged from his early political days, to his stance on free public transportation, to navigating a partisan Congress. Students in the program listened as Massachusetts US Senator Ed Markey delivered remarks over video call inside the Senate chamber at the Edward M. Kennedy Institute. Ben Pennington/for The Boston Globe 'Right now, we're in a period where a lot of [our] institutions are under attack,' he said. 'We're going to get knocked down. We're not going to get knocked out. We're going to get up, we're going to fight, and ultimately, we're going to win.' After hearing from the senator, it was time for the students to become senators. They raised their right hands and were sworn into office. Laughter and nervous chatter filled the replica of the Senate chamber as they were assigned states and political parties. They learned the biographies of the senate roles they would play. 'I like that they don't treat us like we're kids,' said Ben Austin, 15, from Boston College High School. 'They call us senators and expect us to meet a certain standard. It feels real.' The student senators took up the First Step Act, a bipartisan criminal justice reform law passed in 2018. The legislation, signed by President Trump, aimed to reduce recidivism and ease some of the harshest federal sentencing practices. It also provided funding for rehabilitation programs, expanded use of compassionate release, and reduced some minimum sentences. Advertisement They debated the bill in committees, drafted and amended proposals, and held a full Senate vote. From there, they shifted into a mock House session before selecting a vice president, speaker of the House, and president to sign the bill into law. Students applauded as University of New Hampshire law professor John Greabe, taking on the role of president during the Kennedy-Breyer Civic Scholars legislative process simulation, signed the mock bill students voted on into law. Ben Pennington/for The Boston Globe Some said their first day on the job challenged their long-held assumptions. 'It's definitely different from living in Massachusetts and knowing how people here think,' said Aly DePasquale, 15, of Cathedral High School, who was assigned to play the role of a Republican senator from Texas. 'But it's also a good change to see how other people from other states can think as well.' 'I feel like one of the biggest misconceptions is that teenagers and students don't know what's going on or don't have an opinion or a say,' said Evangeline Hermida, 15, of the International School of Boston. 'But we actually do. We catch up on things from school . . . from our parents. We notice how people interact and how certain conversations bring out different reactions.' Eileen Chi, 14, of Milton Academy, said it is important for students to learn how to speak up. 'Right now, a lot of people are like, 'I can't be the one standing out,'' she said, referring to the current political environment. 'They want that sense of security with the group. The more we talk about things, the less they're stigmatized. That doesn't just apply to politics — it's everything." Advertisement Mellon Academy, Sadaf Tokhi can be reached at
Daily Mail
30-07-2025
- Politics
- Daily Mail
Trump 'seriously considering' granting Diddy a pardon as disgraced mogul awaits sentencing in jail
Donald Trump is 'seriously considering' a pardon for Sean ' Diddy ' Combs as the disgraced rap mogul awaits his sentencing in a Brooklyn jail. As the judge prepares his punishment for the former producer over prostitution charges, a source told Deadline that Trump has been mulling the reprieve. Diddy has been acquitted on three of his most serious charges. Insiders told the outlet that the idea had advanced from 'just another Trump weave to an actionable event.' The 55-year-old mogul was found not-guilty of sex-trafficking and racketeering earlier this month, but was convicted of two counts of transportation to engage in prostitution. Combs is set to receive his sentencing on October 3 and faces a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison. A presidential pardon has been talked of since the beginning of Combs' trial, and Trump even indicated in May that he was open to the idea. The President said, when asked on the matter in the Oval Office, that 'nobody's asked but I know people are thinking about it.' 'I know they're thinking about it. I think some people have been very close to asking,' he added. 'First of all, I'd look at what's happening. And I haven't been watching it too closely, although it's certainly getting a lot of coverage,' Trump continued. 'I haven't seen him, I haven't spoken to him in years. He used to really like me a lot, but I think when I ran for politics he sort of, that relationship busted up from what I read. I don't know. He didn't tell me that, but I'd read some nasty statements in the paper all of a sudden.' 'So, I don't know. I would certainly look at the facts. if I think somebody was mistreated, whether they like me or don't like me it wouldn't have any impact,' he concluded. Attorney John Koufos, who recently met with Trump's pardon 'tsar' Alice Marie Johnson and pardon attorney Ed Martin, told the Daily Mail elements of the case fit with Trump's push against 'overcriminalization' and 'weaponization' in charging. Trump was himself charged with a racketeering conspiracy in the Georgia election interference case, and he has long railed against what he calls weaponization of the criminal justice system. Analysts watching the Diddy case have questioned whether the government overcharged him, and Koufos wondered how the defendant could be engaging in a RICO conspiracy by themselves. 'Had he been convicted of a RICO [charge], you'd be looking at something different. The fact that he was convicted of things that it seems that he pretty obviously did probably mitigates against a grant of clemency,' he said, nothing there was 'nothing particularly sympathetic' about the defendant. The avenue for a potential pardon appears to run through Johnson and Martin, who previously served as Trump's interim top US Attorney in the District of Columbia. Trump has long championed his signing of the First Step Act, which reauthorized Second Chance legislation meant to boost successful reentry by former prisoners into the population. He has also been open to pardoning political allies, as he did when pardoning former Republican Rep. Michael Grimm and former Democratic Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojavech. Blagojevich promptly called him a 'great effing guy.' But rapper 50 Cent, Curtis James, is a longtime Diddy rival who has been occasionally posting about the case online – even while saying he would urge Trump not to pardon Diddy. 50 Cent posted on Instagram: 'He said some really bad things about Trump, it's not ok. Im gonna reach out so he knows how I feel about this guy,' Vulture reported. 'Donald doesn't take well to disrespect, and doesn't forget who chooses to go against him,' he wrote in another. 'while working tirelessly to make America great again there is no room for distraction. He would consider pardoning anyone who was being mistreated not Puffy Daddy.'
The Hill
27-07-2025
- Politics
- The Hill
Prison reform laws could safely send thousands home — if they're enforced
The two of us have spent a good chunk of our lives on opposite sides of prison bars. One of us worked for 16 years in the federal Bureau of Prisons, including a stretch as acting director during the first Trump administration. The other spent 14 years in federal prison before fighting to help hundreds of thousands of incarcerated people earn their freedom and successfully reenter society. Despite these different backgrounds — or perhaps because of them — we agree on one thing: Our criminal justice system can and must do much more to enhance safety and justice for all Americans. That's why we were encouraged when, last month, the Bureau of Prisons quietly issued a new directive that will help incarcerated individuals return more quickly to their families and communities. Although we are optimistic, the devil is in the details. For this policy to succeed, it must be implemented fairly and consistently for all who qualify. The U.S. has made real progress on criminal justice over the past few decades. The crime rate has declined 61 percent since its peak in 1991. The prison population has shrunk by roughly 25 percent since 2009, and racial disparities have dropped by 40 percent. This progress came from thoughtful, bipartisan reforms. Between 2007 and 2018, 35 states passed sentencing and corrections reform laws. At the federal level, two landmark measures — the Second Chance Act and First Step Act — stand out. Signed in 2008 by President George W. Bush, the Second Chance Act funds state and local programs that help incarcerated people reenter their communities. Ten years later, Trump signed the First Step Act, which modified mandatory minimums, expanded opportunities for people to earn time credits toward early release and increased access to rehabilitative and vocational programs. Many were surprised when Trump, who had promised tougher sentences as he campaigned for office, championed the First Step Act. But he pressured Republicans in Congress to support it and enthusiastically signed it into law, calling it proof that 'America is a nation that believes in redemption.' In his second term, Trump has sent mixed signals so far. His Justice Department cut more than $500 million in state and local criminal justice grants, and Attorney General Pam Bondi rolled out new tough-on-crime policies. At the same time, Trump created a new 'pardon czar' position to advise him on presidential clemency decisions, appointing Alice Marie Johnson — who served over 20 years in federal prison before receiving clemency from Trump — to the role. The latest advancement came in June when Bureau of Prisons Director William K. Marshall III directed the bureau to fully implement both the Second Chance Act and First Step Act. Declaring 'the dawn of a new era,' Marshall promised the policy change would save money, reduce strains on corrections staff and facilities and make it easier for many incarcerated people to return home and contribute to society. This latter point is the centerpiece of the First Step Act. The act allows low-risk individuals who complete rehabilitative programs to earn 'time credits' which can be applied toward early release or to serve the remainder of their sentences in home confinement or residential reentry centers. Since its passage, the First Step Act has proven effective. A Council on Criminal Justice analysis found that individuals released under the First Step Act were 55 percent less likely to return to prison than people with similar profiles released before the law took effect. These lower recidivism rates held even among those considered higher risk by the Bureau of Prisons. Yet challenges remain. Despite receiving more than $400 million annually under the First Step Act, the Bureau of Prisons has long claimed it lacks the contract capacity to support home confinement and reentry centers. There has also been confusion about whether the First Step Act and Second Chance Act could be applied simultaneously. Both the Biden and Trump administrations initially said they could not, before allowing it. The new Bureau of Prisons policy promises to solve these issues, but its success will depend on implementation. The director's message must reach and be embraced by all corners of the system. We have seen encouraging signs thus far. This month, the Bureau of Prisons launched a task force to address logistical hurdles faced by staff — a promising step toward ensuring the policy is put into practice. Going forward, we see three top priorities. First, communication. With over 155,000 employees, the Bureau of Prisons must ensure every staff member understands this policy and why it matters. Second, training. Too often, people remain behind bars simply because staff aren't properly trained on how to apply the law. And third, accountability. Bureau of Prisons leaders must quickly address any staff who resist the changes — whether through correction or removal. In the early months of Trump's second term, we have seen America's political divides on display, from the 'big beautiful bill' to the bombing of Iran to new tariffs. Criminal justice reform should be an exception. It offers a rare opportunity for common ground — a chance to advance solutions that make our communities both safer and more just. Hugh Hurwitz worked for the Bureau of Prisons for more than 16 years, including as acting director during the first Trump administration, and is a member of the Council on Criminal Justice. Louis L. Reed, who served nearly 14 years in federal prison and later helped pass over 30 state and federal bills, including the First Step Act of 2018. He is a member of the Council on Criminal Justice's Board of Trustees.
Forbes
23-07-2025
- Politics
- Forbes
Bureau Of Prisons Task Force Taking Shape, Challenges Remain
WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 1: President Donald Trump, left, listens to Alice Johnson, whose sentence ... More Trump commuted, as she participates in the 2019 Prison Reform Summit and First Step Act Celebration at the White House, on April, 01, 2019 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Bill O'Leary/The Washington Post via Getty Images) Announcement The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) announced the formation of its First Step Act (FSA) Task Force earlier this month to target moving more inmates from federal prisons to community placement, known as prerelease custody. The BOP is also maximizing bed-space in Residential Reentry Centers (halfway houses) for those in most need of these important reentry services. The initiative is part of fully implementing the FSA, which was signed into law by Donald J. Trump in December 2018 during his first term in office. BOP Director William Marshall III stated when the Task Force was announced that, "Staff were taking the blame for delays they didn't cause. They told me their systems weren't always showing the right dates. Inmates and their families assumed they were ignoring my directive. That wasn't true for the vast majority of our staff….But let me be absolutely clear – where we find that 1% who weren't doing their jobs with integrity, we will find them and hold them accountable because accountability goes both ways.' Task Force Leadership Rick Stover, Sr. Deputy Assistant Director Designation and Sentence Computation Center (DSCC), has had a distinguished career with the Bureau of Prisons (BOP). With over three decades of correctional experience, he understands the importance of what he calls "getting the ship turned in the right direction" regarding FSA. He draws from his years of experience as a case manager, correctional programs administrator in Washington, DC, and Warden at the Federal Correctional Institution in Danbury, Connecticut. Stover was an active member of the committee responsible for selecting inmates for home confinement under the CARES Act. This act allowed the BOP to move inmates with underlying medical conditions to home confinement to mitigate the risks of COVID-19 in prison settings. As a result of the committee's efforts, nearly 50,000 inmates placed on home confinement successfully completed their sentences without incidents. This outcome highlighted that alternatives to incarceration can be effective. Stover, along with a team of over 30 analysts from the DSCC, is responsible for reviewing inmates eligible for home confinement or community custody under the First Step Act (FSA). This task force was formed due to ongoing issues with the Bureau of Prisons' computer systems, which are struggling to accurately calculate FSA credits. Each month, eligible inmates can participate in programs to earn up to 15 credits, which reduce their sentences. While the maximum reduction is capped at 365 days, inmates serving sentences longer than 48 months can use these credits toward home confinement. Since the implementation of the final rule outlining FSA guidance, the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) has struggled with accurately calculating the credits. The agency has focused on calculating the monthly credits without considering the projected date for earning all credits. As a result, inmates who could be placed in community halfway houses or home confinement end up staying in prison longer than necessary. Expectations Are High Prisoners I've spoken to about the Task Force have been confused by conflicting information about the FSA since it began. Case managers have struggled to understand how to combine the FSA with the Second Chance Act, a law signed by George W. Bush that allowed for up to a year of community placement. Former BOP Director Colette Peters strongly supported 'stacking,' which combined the benefits of the FSA with the community placement offered by the Second Chance Act. However, the BOP couldn't fully implement this due to capacity issues at halfway houses, as there was simply not enough room to accommodate inmates coming from institutions. While Peters' administration couldn't move more inmates to halfway houses, they did provide calculations to estimate when an inmate could leave the institution for such placement. This created additional frustration, as case managers handling the paperwork often faced resistance from Residential Reentry Managers (RRMs) who coordinate community placements. As a result, inmates became frustrated with longer stays in prison, and this frustration persists today. Stover indicated, 'While the Bureau has made marked improvements in our time credit calculation applications since the onset of the FSA statute, more improvements are needed. We have changes forthcoming that will simplify the data for both staff and inmates.' Getting The Word Out As part of the Task Force's duties within the BOP, educating decision-makers at the Agency's 122 institutions is a priority. Stover has held meetings with wardens and regional directors to discuss FSA initiatives. Recently, video training sessions were conducted across the country to inform staff about the Task Force's role and address questions. He noted, "While training to wardens and other high ranking officials is great, the most significant training that we can provide is to the case managers who are on the front lines of this issue. If they understand how the calculations work, they can better explain the process to the inmates. Once the new time credit calculations take effect, our target audience to explain the updates will be the case managers throughout the Bureau." Currently, the BOP is tackling these issues without an updated program statement, which serves as the rulebook for case managers overseeing FSA at the institutions. In the absence of this document, case managers have relied on internal memos and training to guide their work. FSA is just one part of their responsibilities, and numerous reports highlight staffing shortages, with case managers being reassigned to work as corrections officers due to inadequate staffing levels. Stover noted this policy is currently under review, and he is hopeful that expected changes to the policy can be adopted for the benefit of both staff and inmates. Working Through The List The Task Force is starting with the evaluation of those who are currently in halfway houses that could be transferred to home confinement if the inmates received the full benefit of "stacking" recommended Second Chance Act placement to FSA time credits, consistent with Director Marshall's guidance last month. The Second Chance Act limits the amount of home confinement to 6 months (or 10%) from the end of the sentence, but the end of the sentence is a moving target for some inmates because they continue to earn FSA credits each month even when they are at the halfway house. The Task Force is manually calculating these dates for inmates in halfway houses, because the BOP's own computer program currently does not calculate these dates once inmates are released from prisons into the halfway houses, although Stover indicated such calculations will occur with the recent application updates. Once that is done, then the Task Force will turn their efforts to those currently in prison and there it will get complicated. There are inmates who have received dates to transition to halfway houses but case managers previously have not revisited those dates based on the new guidance from BOP Director William Marshall III. The reasons for this are clear, it is more work for case managers who are reluctant to do work they have already done. However, as a person who has seen prison from the inside, a small effort from someone at the BOP can have life altering effects on an inmate who deserves a second chance. Stover noted, "As we manually calculate these dates and move inmates from the halfway houses to home confinement, we expect this to create a sizable number of open beds in many of our halfway houses across the country. This allows us to then revisit the placement dates for inmates currently in our institutions and increase the number of inmates that we can place in the community, and in many instances, allow inmates to get out of prison quicker to begin their transition to go home." Challenges Remain As the Task Force continues its work, some challenges persist. Unlike FSA credits, which are earned automatically, Second Chance Act community placements are discretionary and constrained by halfway house capacity. To date, the BOP has provided limited explanation to inmates about why they have not been granted full Second Chance Act placement and have offered little transparency on halfway house availability. Inmates are simply assigned a transition date with no additional details. Since placement is discretionary, pursuing relief through administrative remedies is often futile, and even taking the issue to court after exhausting remedies is unlikely to result in action. Stover said, "The plan is to change this lack of transparency. Since Day One, Director Marshall's guidance has been clear. We have an obligation to staff, inmates, and their families to be transparent, up front, and honest. FSA is a complicated statute, and we have made mistakes in the past. We own those. Moving forward, we must do better. Moving eligible inmates from prisons to the community not only saves taxpayer dollars, but it is consistent with what was expected when the FSA statute was enacted in late 2018." The BOP seeks to preserve the resources of its contracted halfway houses by prioritizing inmates who may need housing after lengthy incarcerations. While this is a reasonable approach, it results in many minimum-security inmates with sentences under 5 years—and stable home lives—being kept in institutional settings longer. At the same time, some inmates with homes are receiving extended halfway house placements, causing frustration and resentment among the broader inmate population. The Task Force is working, but it is a monumental task to overcome years of problems.
Forbes
14-07-2025
- Politics
- Forbes
Bureau Of Prisons Launches First Step Act Task Force
Deputy Attorney General Jeffrey Rosen, second from left, speaks during a news conference at the ... More Justice Department in Washington, Friday, July 19, 2019, on developments in the implementation of the First Step Act. He is joined by, from left, acting Director of the Bureau of Prisons Hugh Hurwitz, Director of the National Institute of Justice David Muhlhausen and Associate Deputy Attorney General Toni Bacon. About 2,200 federal inmates will be released by the federal Bureau of Prisons under the criminal justice reform measure signed into law last year by President Donald Trump. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh) The First Step Act The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) has faced significant challenges in implementing the First Step Act (FSA), a 2018 law aimed at reforming the federal prison system. Some of the challenges included delays in calculating earned time credits, inconsistent application of the risk assessment tool (PATTERN), and limited access to rehabilitative programs. These shortcomings led to legal actions, such as class-action lawsuits, and bipartisan congressional criticism. It has also led to some inmates staying in prison longer than allowed under the law, primarily due to the BOP's inability to properly calculate prison terms under the FSA. Despite efforts to improve, including policy updates and staff training, the BOP's slow progress continues to hinder the FSA's intended impact on reducing recidivism , enhancing inmate rehabilitation and returning non-violent offenders to the community sooner. Creation of the Task Force The BOP recently stated that it was expanding the use of Residential Reentry Centers (RRC), commonly referred to as halfway houses, to move more eligible inmates to the community sooner. However, even with that, the BOP had trouble filling its RRC capacity it had under contract (BOP does not operate RRCs but contracts it out to vendors). The main reason is that the BOP has a history of changing how it interprets FSA and when the people are awarded credits. Further, the Second Chance Act, which allows inmates to be placed in prerelease custody for up to a year, has not been fully utilized as a complement to FSA. The primary culprit in solving this issue has been caused by a lack of computer program to handle the calculation for those eligible for FSA. Today the BOP announced the creation of the FSA Task Force, a strategic team initiative designed to expedite the transfer of eligible inmates to home confinement while directly supporting agency staff who have been unfairly burdened by outdated data systems. Task Force Directive BOP Director William Marshall III provided a statement about the task force that also addressed some of the past problems. 'Staff were taking the blame for delays they didn't cause,' said Director Marshall. 'They [BOP case management staff] Marshall went on to say that the vast majority of BOP staff wanted to do the right thing in fully implementing FSA but they simply needed the right tools and information to do their jobs. In referencing the BOP's new, increased budget under Trump's One Big Beautiful Bill Act, Marshall said, 'we will be able to provide those needed tools.' Specifics On Action The FSA Task Force, based at the Bureau's Designation and Sentence Computation Center (DSCC), will work in tandem with Residential Reentry Management (RRM) offices to ensure timely home confinement placements under the FSA and Second Chance Act (SCA). While long-term technical updates continue, this manual intervention is designed to deliver immediate relief. Nobody at the BOP wants to keep a person longer in prison, nor do they want them leaving earlier than the law allows. In a conservative approach, there are situations when people are held longer in prison because there is so much uncertainty as to the real release date. Director Marshall's FSA Task Force will provide a resource to front line case managers to support their decisions on community placement. A memorandum from the BOP stated that the FSA Task Force will: 'This is a win for everyone,' said Rick Stover, Senior Deputy Assistant Director at DSCC and the person heading the FSA Task Force, 'Inmates are returning to their communities sooner. Staff are no longer forced to rely on flawed data. And we're freeing up RRC beds for others who are waiting.' It is the first time that the BOP has acknowledged that computer issues have kept the Agency from fully implementing FSA. First Step Act The FSA is a landmark piece of criminal justice reform legislation signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 21, 2018. Its goal is to reduce the federal prison population, enhance rehabilitation programs, and reduce recidivism among incarcerated individuals. It was also meant to save money, something that has not occurred yet according to the BOP's latest annual FSA report. The law made significant changes to sentencing, prison conditions, and post-release supervision. One of the most notable aspects of the First Step Act is its retroactive application to certain drug sentences, allowing eligible prisoners to petition for reduced sentences. It also allows inmates to earn time credits for participation in vocational training, educational programs, and other rehabilitative activities, potentially reducing the length of their prison sentences. The Case Manager Problem A BOP case manager is responsible for assessing and classifying inmates, developing reentry plans, monitoring progress, recommending transfers or release programs, maintaining records, and liaising with families, legal representatives, and external agencies to support inmates' rehabilitation and reintegration into society. It is a job with immense responsibility and one that has a huge influence on the amount of time an inmate spends in a prison institution. BOP case managers are the primary people responsible for fully implementing the FSA. As the steward over the life of inmates, case managers play a critical role in identifying inmates who not only deserve community placement but will also do well once placed there. As inmates come to the end of their sentence, it is the case manager who can place them in the community for up to a year, though there have been reports of employees not willing to maximize the amount of time a person spends in the community. Director Marshall and Deputy Director Josh Smith have recently been touring a number of facilities where they have spoken with staff and inmates. They have both heard these same reports of case managers not having the tools to do their job and also some pushback that some have given when it comes to returning inmates to society sooner. Marshall stated, "But let me be absolutely clear – where we find that 1% [those BOP employees not committed to his directives] who weren't doing their jobs with integrity, we will find them and hold them accountable because accountability goes both ways.' Former BOP Director Praises Move Hugh Hurwitz was Acting BOP Director when the FSA passed and was critical in the early days of defining the BOP's initiatives to implement the law. Hurwitz praised the Task Force, stating, 'It is great to see BOP moving forward to fully implement FSA. This is one big step toward moving low risk individuals out of prison and into community placement as the law calls for.' Hurwitz is right in that the inmates slotted for community placement are 'low risk' by the BOP's own risk assessment tools. Most of the inmates who qualify for the program are minimum and low security who have relatively short sentences for non-violent crimes. Having a person serve a portion of their sentence in the community is not something new and has been used for decades by the BOP. However, the Agency has been slow to move inmates after the initial law was codified with the Final Rule in the Federal Register in January 2022. One measure of success of the FSA Task Force will be both the number of people that are moved to community custody and how fast they do that.
