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Time of India
a day ago
- Health
- Time of India
Lancet Study: 4 in 10 diabetics in India don't know they have the disease
A new study published in Lancet Global Health has revealed that nearly four in ten diabetics in India are unaware of their condition. The findings are based on an analysis of a survey conducted among 57,810 adults aged 45 years and above between 2017 and 2019. According to the study, 20% of adults in this age group have diabetes. 'Prevalence among men and women was similar, at 20%,' it noted. Independence Day 2025 Before Trump, British used tariffs to kill Indian textile Bank of Azad Hind: When Netaji gave India its own currency Swadeshi 2.0: India is no longer just a market, it's a maker The research also highlighted that the prevalence of diabetes in urban areas is almost double that in rural regions, possibly due to differences in lifestyle and dietary habits. Conducted by researchers from the Mumbai-based International Institute of Population Sciences, the University of Michigan, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, the study urges policymakers to strengthen efforts to prevent, detect, manage, and control diabetes among middle-aged and older populations. India ranks second globally in the number of adults (aged 20–79 years) with diabetes, with the disease accounting for approximately 3% of all deaths in the country in 2019. Experts warn that hypertension, or high blood pressure, is also on the rise. They stress that early access to medicines for both conditions can help avert severe complications. However, studies suggest that rural healthcare infrastructure remains inadequate. A recent survey by ICMR, WHO, and other institutions in 19 districts across seven states assessed how well community and primary health centres could handle diabetes and hypertension. Results showed that only about 40% of sub-centres (SCs) were equipped to treat these conditions, with many lacking even basic medicines. Of the 105 SCs evaluated, nearly one-third experienced stockouts of tablet metformin (used for diabetes), while around 45% reported shortages of tablet amlodipine, prescribed for high blood pressure. Live Events [With TOI inputs]
Time of India
2 days ago
- Health
- Time of India
Study: Four out of 10 diabetics not aware of disease
Representative image NEW DELHI: Nearly four out of every 10 diabetics in India are unaware they have the disease, a new study published in Lancet Global Health has claimed. The study is based on an analysis of a survey carried out among 57,810 adults aged 45 years and older from 2017 to 2019. It found that 20% of adults aged 45 years and above in the country had diabetes. "Prevalence among men and women was similar, at 20%," the study said. It also found that prevalence of urban diabetes was approximately twice as high as in rural areas - which may reflect the differences in lifestyle and eating habits between people living in the two environments. The researchers from Mumbai-based International Institute of Population Sciences, the University of Michigan and the Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, among others, have called for scaling up policies to better prevent, detect, manage, and control diabetes among middle-aged and older adults. India has the second highest number of adults with diabetes (20-79 yrs) in the world, and approximately 3% of the total deaths in India in 2019 were attributable to the disease. The number of people suffering from hypertension or high blood pressure is also on the rise, experts say. Easy access to medicines to manage the two conditions at early stages can help prevent serious complications. But studies suggest healthcare infrastructure in rural areas is far from ready. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like They Were So Beautiful Before; Now Look At Them; Number 10 Will Shock You Reportingly Undo A team of researchers from ICMR and WHO among others, recently carried out a survey in 19 districts of seven states to find out how well-equipped the community and primary health centres were to manage diabetes and hypertension. They found only about four in 10 sub-centres (SCs) were prepared to treat hypertension and diabetes. Many of the rest didn't even have basic medicines needed to manage the conditions. The survey found that out of 105 SCs assessed, nearly one-third had stockouts of tablet metformin (anti-diabetes medicine), and nearly half (45%) reported stockouts of tablet amlodipine, used to manage high blood pressure.
India Today
04-07-2025
- Health
- India Today
How PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy impacts birth outcomes
Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental threats to human health, affecting people at every stage of life. Breathing in polluted air, especially fine particulate matter like PM2.5, can lead to a range of health problems, from chronic respiratory issues and heart disease to cognitive decline and even are also links of air pollution affecting pregnancy outcomes. A new study by the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, International Institute of Population Sciences, Mumbai and institutes in the UK and Ireland revealed that for pregnant women, the risks of air pollution, especially particulate matter 2.5 are even pregnancy, exposure to polluted air doesn't just harm the mother, it can directly impact the developing baby. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) data from 2019–21, 13% of babies in India were born prematurely, and 17% had a low birth weight, and a major factor contributing to this is exposure to polluted air during to the study, pregnant women exposed to high levels of PM2.5 face a 70% increased risk of premature delivery, risk of low birth weight increases by 40% with greater air pollution exposure, and a 10 g/m rise in PM2.5 levels is linked to a 12% increase in preterm states like Punjab, Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh are the worst cleaner air in North-East India is associated with healthier birth IS PM2.5 AND WHY IS IT DANGEROUS?PM2.5 refers to tiny particles in the air that are less than 2.5 microns in diameter. These particles come from sources like vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and the burning of fossil fuels and biomass. Because of their small size, they can easily enter the lungs and bloodstream, causing inflammation, reduced oxygen supply, and complications during pregnancy.'Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), has emerged as a significant public health threat, especially for pregnant women and newborns,' said Dr Vikas Mittal, Director of Respiratory Medicine, CK Birla Hospital, Punjabi AND REGION MATTERThe researchers used satellite data and NFHS survey results to measure the effect of air pollution on birth outcomes. They found that the upper Gangetic belt—including states like Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh—has the highest PM2.5 levels and also shows higher rates of premature and low-weight like Himachal Pradesh (39%), Uttarakhand (27%), and Delhi (17%) reported a high percentage of premature births. Punjab topped the chart for low birth weight at 22%.In contrast, northeastern states like Mizoram, Manipur, and Tripura showed better outcomes, likely due to lower pollution EFFECTS ON CHILD HEALTHLow birth weight and prematurity are not just short-term issues. These conditions increase the risk of:Infant mortalityDevelopmental delaysChronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease later in lifeadvertisementThis makes it crucial to address air pollution as a maternal and child health to Dr. Neha Abhijit Pawar, Consultant, Gynaecology, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, exposure to air pollution can even result in miscarriage and stillbirth. "These pollutants can impair oxygen and nutrient flow to the fetus, cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and disrupt hormonal balance. Evidence shows that exposure during the third trimester is particularly associated with lower birth weight, while high levels of PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone are consistently linked to premature birth before 37 weeks," said Dr. added that toxic air pollutants like benzene and PAHs may interfere with fetal organ development, increasing the risk of congenital anomalies such as heart defects, neural tube defects, and cleft women exposed to polluted air are also at higher risk of preeclampsia (high blood pressure) and gestational hypertension due to impaired vascular function and inflammation. Long-term exposure can impact a child's health even after birth, potentially increasing the risk of asthma, developmental delays, and behavioural populations, such as those with low socioeconomic status, living in urban or industrial areas, or with pre-existing conditions like asthma or diabetes, face the highest risks and need targeted CAN BE DONE?The study urges immediate policy action to protect public health. It recommends strengthening the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), which was launched in 2019 to combat air pollution. It also calls for implementing climate adaptation strategies, such as heat action plans and improved water study also stresses the importance of raising awareness among pregnant women about the harmful effects of air pollution on their health and their babies.'We need targeted interventions in high-risk districts and public health strategies that factor in climate change,' the study authors for pregnant women to stay safe:Avoid outdoor activity during high-pollution daysUse air purifiers at homeWear certified masks (like N95) when stepping outsideConsult a doctor regularly for fetal monitoringAir pollution isn't just a threat to your lungs, it's a danger to the next generation.- EndsMust Watch
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Business Standard
30-06-2025
- Health
- Business Standard
Understanding gestational diabetes: Why early detection, awareness matter
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that develops during pregnancy. In this condition, the body of the pregnant woman becomes less sensitive to insulin made by the pancreas, especially in the second and third trimesters. It causes elevated blood sugar levels, which, if unchecked, can lead to complications for both mother and baby. How common is GDM and what do the latest data show? Survey data from the International Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai shows developing countries—like India—are seeing sharper rises in diabetes than developed nations. The study analysed the individual data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) surveyed in 2015–2016 (4th round) and 2019–2021 (5th round). The number of diabetic women is projected to reach 313.3 million by 2040 globally. In 2015 alone, around 5 million Indian women had GDM—16.2 per cent of live births, with 85.1 per cent attributed specifically to GDM. Regional studies show varied prevalence: - 17.8 per cent in urban areas - 13.8 per cent in semi-urban areas - 9.9 per cent in rural areas The study highlights the key risk factors as: High BMI High-glycaemic index (GI) food Lack of exercise/physical inactivity Long-term contraceptive use Multimorbidity Hyperthyroidism Why is GDM often missed or diagnosed too late? Despite regional differences, delayed or missed GDM detection remains widespread. Universal screening at 24–28 weeks, and earlier for high-risk women, is essential. Dr Kalyan Kumar Gangopadhyay, Endocrinologist – CMRI, Kolkata told Business Standard: 'One of the studies revealed that GDM cases were missed among 57 per cent of mothers, chiefly because the condition can remain asymptomatic until sugar levels become dangerously high.' Dr Abhinaya Alluri, Senior Gynaecologist & Obstetrician, CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad added: 'In clinical practice, missed or late diagnoses of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are unfortunately not uncommon, especially in resource-limited settings or among women with limited antenatal care access. GDM often presents without obvious symptoms, so without proactive screening, it can go undetected until later stages of pregnancy.' What are the risks of untreated gestational diabetes? The consequences of gestational diabetes can be serious if not diagnosed and managed early. For the mother, GDM increases the risk of: Preeclampsia (a dangerous pregnancy complication involving high blood pressure) Development of type 2 diabetes later in life Caesarean delivery For the baby, late-diagnosed or untreated GDM can lead to: Macrosomia (excessive birth weight), increasing the risk of birth trauma Shoulder dystocia, a delivery complication where the baby's shoulders get stuck behind the mother's pelvic bone Neonatal hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar in new-borns) Higher lifetime risk of obesity and glucose intolerance Can gestational diabetes lead to long-term health problems for the child? Recent research published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, summarised by Business Standard, shows that maternal diabetes—whether gestational or pre-existing—is linked to increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. A globally pooled meta-analysis of 56 million pregnancies in over 200 studies found: 25 per cent higher risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 30 per cent higher risk of ADHD 32 per cent higher risk of intellectual disability 28 per cent higher overall risk of any neurodevelopmental condition How is gestational diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy? Diagnosis of gestational diabetes is typically done through simple, non-invasive blood tests. The most common tests include: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Conducted between 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. The patient drinks a glucose solution, and blood sugar levels are tested at regular intervals. Cost: ₹300–₹800 (private labs), free or subsidised in government hospitals Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS): Sometimes used as preliminary screening tools, especially during early pregnancy. Cost: ₹100–₹300 Random Blood Sugar Test and HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin): May also be used in some cases. Cost: ₹500–₹800 What treatment options are available for GDM? Once diagnosed, GDM can usually be managed with lifestyle changes. Treatment includes: Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT): A customised diet plan focused on low glycaemic index foods, adequate protein and fibre. Cost: ₹500–₹1,500 per session Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG): Regular glucose checks using home glucometers. Cost: ₹700–₹2,500 Medication: If blood sugar levels are not controlled through diet and exercise alone, doctors may prescribe: Insulin therapy (safe during pregnancy) Occasionally, oral anti-diabetic drugs like metformin (depending on clinical judgement) Cost: ₹1,000–₹3,000 per month Costs vary depending on location (urban vs rural), hospital (private vs public), and the frequency of monitoring or medication needed. Many government maternity clinics offer free GDM screening and management under the national health scheme. How do diet and lifestyle changes support early intervention? Controlling GDM often begins with diet and exercise. Balanced meals, fewer high-GI foods, and regular physical activity—even gentle exercise like prenatal walking—can regulate blood sugar effectively. 'In my practice, as soon as a woman is identified as high-risk, due to BMI, family history, or previous GDM, we begin counselling on balanced nutrition, physical activity, and healthy weight gain goals. A structured dietary plan focusing on complex carbohydrates, lean proteins, and fibre, along with portion control, can significantly help in maintaining glycaemic control. The key is personalisation—each woman's cultural background, food preferences, and lifestyle need to be considered,' said Dr Alluri. Adding to the discourse, Dr Kumar said, 'Women who are overweight or obese prior to conception are at significantly higher risk, and for that, pre-pregnancy weight management through healthy eating and exercising is highly recommended. I encourage patients to treat GDM as a condition they can manage, supported by structured meal plans and lifestyle coaching as needed.' Why early awareness and public education on GDM are essential The stakes are high: GDM not only affects immediate pregnancy outcomes but can also influence a child's lifelong cognitive and behavioural development. Highlighting the importance of awareness, Dr Alluri said, 'Public health campaigns, community outreach, and integrating GDM education into routine prenatal visits can significantly improve awareness. Social media, mobile health platforms, and maternal health apps also offer powerful channels for dissemination. Collaborations between obstetricians, diabetologists, and public health experts can ensure messaging is consistent and accessible. Ultimately, improving awareness is the first step toward early screening, timely diagnosis, and effective management of GDM.'
Time of India
27-04-2025
- General
- Time of India
Dharavi struggling with erratic water supply, illegal connections, dependence on tankers
MUMBAI: Dharavi is grappling with an escalating water crisis as summer temperatures rise. Inconsistent municipal supply, illegal connections, and growing dependence on private tankers has left residents struggling for basic drinking water. Contamination risks have worsened the situation. An International Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS) study highlights that narrow lanes and crisscrossing utility lines in Dharavi lead to leakages and bacterial outbreaks. NGO Waterwalla found high turbidity, foul odour, and traces of E Coli in local water samples. Water is supplied once a day to all seven wards from the Bhandup reservoir, but the timing is unpredictable. Civic officials estimate that nearly half the water connections in the area are illegal. 'These unauthorised lines tap into the mains, reducing pressure for legal users,' said a civic source. Many families share a single BMC meter and pay a fixed charge. Storage drums and buckets are a common sight outside homes as families scramble to collect water during the short supply window. 'There's barely room to move when we fill water. It trickles in for a couple of hours,' said Siraj Shah of Kunchi Korve Nagar. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Invest $200 in Amazon without buying stocks to earn a second salary Marketsall Sign Up Undo Shah added the tanker mafia has tightened its grip. 'We've lived like this for decades. Redevelopment is our only hope.' Manju Malhan, who lives behind Kamaraj School, said water flow is erratic. 'Only drops come through. When there's a shortage, tankers charge more and demand cash upfront. Why should we pay extra for a basic service?' she asked. Private tanker rates for 10,000 litres usually range from Rs 1,000 to Rs 1,200 but can shoot up to Rs 5,000 during shortages. 'Sometimes we have to pick between water and food,' said Maqsood Khan of Gutter Galli. Sunanda Kanke from Dhangar Chawl supports the ongoing redevelopment. 'Once we move into proper flats, we'll finally have clean water and a dignified life,' she said. 'Water shouldn't be a luxury.'
