Latest news with #MatuyamaBrunhes
Daily Mail
15-07-2025
- Science
- Daily Mail
Listen to the terrifying sound of Earth's north and south poles 'flipping' 780,000 years ago - as experts warn another flip could be imminent
Every 200,000-300,000 years, Earth's magnetic poles do something extraordinary. They completely flip, meaning the North pole becomes the South, and vice-versa. The last full reversal took place approximately 780,000 years ago – leaving some experts to predict another flip is imminent. Now, researchers have created a terrifying soundscape to represent the chaos of this event. Using paleomagnetic data – the record of Earth's ancient magnetic field preserved in rocks – from around the globe, scientists have constructed a model of the magnetic field before, during and after this historic reversal. They also created a musical piece – a 'soundscape' – to represent the haunting sounds of the flip, called the Matuyama-Brunhes reversal. The team, from the Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany, used three violins and three cellos to create a 'disharmonic cacophony' that mirrors the complex dynamics of a flip. The clip starts off as melodic and makes for pleasant listening as it represents the poles while stable. However, it sounds more erratic and eerie as the magnetic fields begin to flux and change. Researchers have created a terrifying soundscape to represent the chaos of this event. The left part of the animation represents the magnetic field is a relatively stable state, however, the right represents it in a total state of flux, with the poles completely scrambled Earth is surrounded by a system of magnetic fields called the magnetosphere. This shields our home planet from harmful solar and cosmic particle radiation, but it can change shape in response to incoming space weather from the Sun. Pictured: an artist's impression Earth's magnetic field is generated by the roiling liquid metals deep beneath the crust. It extends from the Earth's interior into space, acting like a protective shield by diverting harmful charged particles from the Sun away from our planet. A flip doesn't happen overnight but takes place gradually, over centuries to thousands of years. If a magnetic flip were to happen again, some experts claim it could render parts of Earth 'uninhabitable' by knocking out power grids. Communication systems could be seriously disrupted, and compasses would point south – meaning Greenland would be in the southern hemisphere and Antarctica in the North. While it sounds terrifying, and would leave life on our planet exposed to higher amounts of solar radiation, it's unlikely to cause catastrophic events or mass extinctions. Last year, researchers also transformed readings of an epic upheaval of Earth's magnetic field that took place some 41,000 years ago. The Laschamp event saw our planet's magnetic North and South poles weaken, with the magnetic field tilting on its axis. What is Earth's magnetic field? Earth's magnetic field is a layer of electrical charge that surrounds our planet. The field protects life on Earth because it deflects charged particles fired from the sun known as 'solar wind'. Without this protective layer, these particles would likely strip away the Ozone layer, our only line of defence against harmful UV radiation. Scientists believe the Earth's core is responsible for creating its magnetic field. As molten iron in the Earth's outer core escapes it creates convection currents. These currents generate electric currents which create the magnetic field. The soundscape was captured using data from a constellation of European Space Agency satellites. Researchers mapped the movement of Earth's magnetic field lines during the event and produced a stereo sound version using natural noises including wood creaking and rocks falling. The noises in the video represent a time when the Earth's magnetic field was at just five per cent of its current strength. While the Earth's magnetic field did return to normal – over the course of around 2,000 years – its strength has decreased again by 10 per cent over the past 180 years, experts have found. However, a mysterious area in the South Atlantic has emerged where the geomagnetic field strength is decreasing even more rapidly. The area is called the South Atlantic Anomaly and has seen satellites malfunctioning over it several times due to exposure to highly charged particles from the sun. This has led to speculation that Earth is heading towards a magnetic pole flip. However, some experts have provide reassurance that the poles aren't going to flip anytime soon. Researchers previously pieced together data on Earth's geomagnetic field strength stretching back 9,000 years and say there's no evidence a reversal is on the cards. 'We have mapped changes in the Earth's magnetic field over the past 9,000 years, and anomalies like the one in the South Atlantic are probably recurring phenomena linked to corresponding variations in the strength of the Earth's magnetic field', said Andreas Nilsson, a geologist at Lund University. The team analysed burnt archaeological artefacts, volcanic samples and sediment drill cores – all of which carry information about Earth's magnetic field. Reassuringly, the team's model suggests that the South Atlantic Anomaly will recover of its own accord and is unlikely to trigger the reversal that some have anticipated. 'Based on similarities with the recreated anomalies, we predict that the South Atlantic Anomaly will probably disappear within the next 300 years, and that Earth is not heading towards a polarity reversal', Mr Nilsson said. The Earth's magnetic field is in a permanent state of change. Magnetic north drifts around and every few hundred thousand years the polarity flips so a compass would point south instead of north. The strength of the magnetic field also constantly changes and currently it is showing signs of significant weakening. Life has existed on the Earth for billions of years, during which there have been many reversals. There is no obvious correlation between animal extinctions and those reversals. Likewise, reversal patterns do not have any correlation with human development and evolution. It appears that some animals, such as whales and some birds use Earth's magnetic field for migration and direction finding. Since geomagnetic reversal takes a number of thousands of years, they could well adapt to the changing magnetic environment or develop different methods of navigation. Radiation at ground level would increase, however, with some estimates suggesting that overall exposure to cosmic radiation would double causing more deaths from cancer. 'But only slightly,' said Professor Richard Holme. 'And much less than lying on the beach in Florida for a day. So if it happened, the protection method would probably be to wear a big floppy hat.' The movement of the Earth's magnetic poles are shown in this animation at 10-year intervals from 1970 to 2020. The red and blue lines sjpw the difference between magnetic north and true north depending on where you are standing. On the green line, a compass would point to true north. Credit: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Electric grid collapse from severe solar storms is a major risk. As the magnetic field continues to weaken, scientists are highlighting the importance off-the grid energy systems using renewable energy sources to protect the Earth against a black out. 'The very highly charged particles can have a deleterious effect on the satellites and astronauts,' added Dr Mona Kessel, a Magnetosphere discipline scientist at Nasa. In one area, there is evidence that a flip is already occurring. 'The increasing strength of the South Atlantic anomaly, an area of weak field over Brazil, is already a problem,' said Professor Richard Holme. The Earth's climate could also change. A recent Danish study has found that the earth's weather has been significantly affected by the planet's magnetic field. They claimed that fluctuations in the number of cosmic rays hitting the atmosphere directly alter the amount of cloud covering the planet.
Yahoo
15-07-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
Sound of Earth's Flipping Magnetic Field Haunts Again From 780,000 Years Ago
In 2024, researchers transformed readings of an epic upheaval of Earth's magnetic field flipping 41,000 years ago into an eerie, auditory experience. Now a team containing some of those same scientists has sonified an even earlier flip, from epochs ago. The resulting cacophony is an unnerving translation of geological data on the Matuyama-Brunhes reversal, a switching of the planet's magnetic poles that took place roughly 780,000 years ago. Geophysicists Sanja Panovska and Ahmed Nasser Mahgoub from the Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) created a global model of Earth's magnetic field during the event, based on ancient magnetic data in sediments from drill cores around the world. This data was then visualized by Maximilian Arthus Schanner and sonified by Klaus Nielsen and Schanner. Related: Earth's magnetic field is generated by the roiling liquid metals deep beneath the crust. Extending tens to hundreds of kilometers into space, the field deflects atmosphere-stripping particles, keeping us all safe below. The bombardment of solar radiation that leaks through during reversals raises levels of beryllium-10 in Earth's atmosphere, which in turn can be preserved in ice core samples. Measuring fluctuations in these isotopes then serves as a handy measure of the field's weakening. The data shows that when Earth's magnetic poles get restless, they don't just cleanly trade places, but stagger about in slow motion, splitting into blobs and drunkenly merging. The resulting random bubbling of numerous magnetic polarities across the planet is aptly visualized in the animation. Our early human ancestors, such as Homo erectus, lived through this event, which was thought to last up to 22,000 years (although this estimate is still debated). It's likely there were some kinds of consequences to our ancient relatives and other life on Earth at the time, since the magnetosphere protects us from cosmic and solar radiation. Other magnetic field wanderings have been linked to dramatic changes in climate. But the exact consequences from almost 800,000 years ago remain unclear, as anthropological records around this time are sparse. Boldly etched into the flow of solidifying lava across Earth, the Matuyama-Brunhes event is used by geologists as a marker of the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene. In sound form, it's a haunting song that set the stage for the emergence of modern humans. Extreme Conditions of Early Universe Recreated in Collider Experiment Dark Matter Search Could Lead Us to a New Kind of Star 3D Time Could Solve Physics' Biggest Problem, Says Bizarre New Study
