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RTÉ News
22-05-2025
- Politics
- RTÉ News
ASTI: 'Exponential growth' in misogynistic comments from students
The General Secretary of the Association of Secondary Teachers in Ireland has warned that female teachers are facing misogynistic comments and harassment from students in schools to an extent that is becoming increasingly "unmanageable." In an interview ahead of a special Prime Time programme tonight, Kieran Christie said "there is quite a growth in the extent to which online content is having a negative influence on young males' perception of women and of girls. And it's very pervasive, unfortunately, in the end, very regrettable." "Certainly in the last five years, it has grown exponentially as a problem," he said, "and it's becoming more and more unmanageable in schools." He said ASTI members have raised concerns involving gestures, use of online accounts by students to harass teachers, and "in the more extreme cases, it involves things like videos and sexual comments and all the rest of it." Mr Christie's comments were echoed by the Director of the National Association of Principals and Deputies (NAPD) Paul Crone. He told Prime Time that "there are huge issues in relation to the online content that students, and particularly young males, are experiencing and the consequent attitude that they have towards girls and even female teachers. "The worrying part for us of all of that is that these behaviors are seen as normal by a cohort of young males. They don't see anything wrong with it because it's what they're experiencing online. It's what they're being told." In recent weeks the ASTI and NAPD circulated to their members a Prime Time survey on perceptions about the impact of related social media content in schools. Results from that survey show more than 85% of respondents said they believe online content about gender roles and masculinity is negatively influencing teenagers' perceptions of women and girls. The anonymous survey was sent to members at the request of Prime Time by the four main teaching unions, the aforementioned ASTI and NAPD, as well as the Teachers' Union of Ireland (TUI) and Irish National Teachers' Organisation (INTO). 1,200 responses were received in the week after it was published, in which more than 1,100 respondents described themselves as either secondary school teachers or principals. The others said they worked in primary schools. Through the survey and interviews with teachers, union officials, and experts, Prime Time sought to ascertain whether there has been a real-world impact on the views of young people from the emergence of social media trends and influencers who promote negative forms of masculinity. Despite many positive forms of masculinity, certain online influencers who have come to prominence in recent years argue that men's role within modern society has been unfairly suppressed, and that women should be submissive and men dominant in both personal relationships and wider society. Respondents were provided with a short description of the views held by such influencers and asked a series of multiple-choice questions about whether they believe such views are shaping young people's perceptions of gender roles, masculinity, or misogyny. Respondents had the option to agree or disagree, or say anything from 'not concerned' to 'very concerned' on all questions. As with all online anonymous surveys, there are limitations in how the results can be interpreted, and they should be considered more indicative than definitive. Asked 'how concerned are you about the influence of individuals and content covered by this survey upon students or pupils?- 56% said 'very concerned' and a further 31% said 'somewhat concerned'. Some 5% said 'not very concerned', while 2% responded 'not concerned at all'. The survey also attempted to understand if respondents perceived that views about gender roles and masculinity held by such influencers were becoming more prevalent. When asked 'Over the last five years, have you begun to see or hear more concerning discussions or comments linked to the topics covered in this survey within your school environment?' some 78% of respondents said 'yes, much more', or 'yes, somewhat more'. Almost half – 48% - of respondents said they frequently or occasionally witness comments or behaviour directed specifically towards young women or female students which they perceive to be linked to such online content. A further 21% said 'yes but rarely'. Many respondents - some 47% - said they have personally been subjected to concerning behaviour or related comments from students in the classroom or the school environment. The most common behaviours identified by respondents in the survey were disrespectful language, gender stereotyping, and bullying and harassment. When asked about the prevalence of the views in the school environment, a third (34%) said the issue was limited to a small number of students, 31% said it spanned several year groups, and nearly one in five (19%) said it affected the entire school. The results of the survey echo similar conclusions in academic and other research conducted in the Ireland, the UK, and elsewhere. A survey published last month by UK teaching union NASUWT found that female teachers were more likely to regularly receive verbal abuse than their male counterparts. The union noted that dozens of teachers had referenced the influencer Andrew Tate as directly influencing male pupils' behaviour. A 2024 study by University College London (UCL) and Kent University also found through interviews with young people and school leaders that "misogynist ideologies" that young people are exposed to online have become embedded in youth culture, "creating new challenges for schools". Researchers at Dublin City University (DCU) last year also focused on the role of social media companies in pushing related content to male teenagers, and noted through the use of test accounts that algorithms consistently recommended what the study defined as "male supremacist influencers" to young men on TikTok and YouTube. In the Prime Time survey, respondents were provided with space to add comments if they wished. Several respondents highlighted the role of algorithms and the time spent on devices by students as concerns, saying these were key drivers of the issue and that social media companies and regulators should act on them. "Students have said how hard it is to navigate or get away from this messaging," one respondent said, "even if they report it, it comes back in their algorithm." "As access to pornographic material is so easy for young males, it is having a major influence in how they perceive women and how they speak about women and treat them," wrote another respondent, "social media are exposing young men to vile pornographic/violent/misogynistic content on a daily basis." "Male misogyny amongst students isn't new. It has been brewing for years. But is now more mainstream due to the Tates... etc," said another. "They believe everything they see online… boys increasingly view women as objects or individuals who should 'obey' them," another added. Others provided examples of incidents in which male students made concerning remarks to other female students. One said a male student asked a female student if she would "carry a knife to protect herself on 'World Rape Day'", referencing a TikTok hoax claiming that rape would be legal for a day on 24 April. "I often hear male students making sexualised comments to female students," another said "we had to remove a female student from the school after targeted harassment by boys." Kieran Christie of the ASTI says social media companies, government and regulators should work to address the problem. "It is the experience of our members that the vast majority of young people are great people," he said, "and we can be very thankful that we have a whole new generation coming forward of wonderful young people. "They're growing up in an online world and they need to be protected to some extent, but guided also in relation to navigating that whole world. "Certainly government have a major role to play, in particular working with the various social media companies in bringing forward measures that safeguard young people. "We are aware that the bulk of the major social media companies are here in Ireland. So we have a natural platform there to work with these companies, to ask them to regulate, and perhaps enforce their regulation, in relation to what they provide - and allow to be accessible - to young people," Mr Christie told Prime Time. Paul Crone of the NAPD said it "takes a whole system response to be able to tackle this" but that "the focus does need to be on regulation." He added that the "new SPHE curriculum, which some people have objected to, is a really important part of the school's response to this." The Teachers' Union of Ireland also echoed calls for stronger social media regulation saying there is now an "urgent need for significantly stronger legislation and proper Government regulation in the area of social media." "The Department of Education must also ensure that the required policies and safeguards are in place in school communities to protect students and teachers from such attitudes and behaviours."
Sunday World
19-05-2025
- Health
- Sunday World
New doc reveals how vaping has reached ‘epidemic' proportions in school
'We had one incident where two students' heart rates increased to the point where they became unconscious' Pupils are being found unconscious at educational establishments because of a growing vaping 'epidemic', according to a representative of a school principals' body. 'We had one incident where two students' heart rates increased to the point where they became unconscious,' reveals Paul Crone, director of the National Association of Principals and Deputy Principals (NAPD). 'Nobody knew what they had taken. Nobody knew. They were just found unconscious in the school toilets. 'Record numbers of them are taking up vaping — I would say it's at epidemic proportions.' Mr Crone is one of several people interviewed as part of Virgin Media's Vaping Nation documentary. An increasing number of Irish school children are vaping 'About two to three years ago we really started to notice the incidence of vaping was increasing hugely in schools and over a short period of time it became epidemic level in schools and it became the biggest issue that schools had to deal with,' he explains. 'When initially you saw it with the senior students, the fifth– and sixth-years, but it slowly began to creep back into the third-years and the second-years, so it became younger and younger students were involving themselves and getting involved in vaping. An increasing number of Irish school children are vaping News in 90 Seconds - May 19th 'Traditionally, we would have seen senior cycle students would have taken up smoking as they get a little bit older, but vaping became so easy and so popular, and they viewed it as part of their socialisation. 'As school leaders we thought we had beaten smoking. We had seen a significant drop in the number of students smoking — it was not popular to be smoking.' In Ireland, one in every 12 people use vapes or e-cigarettes, a figure that rises among young people. Paul Crone The Vaping Nation documentary — presented by Virgin Media reported Mairéad Carey — features other frontline voices including healthcare professionals, educators, and addiction specialists who are witnessing the impact of vaping on under-18s. Mr Crone maintains students are taking measures to disguise what they're up to. 'There is a lot of students that would hide it, and I know I've spoken to school principals who would confiscate vapes off students and they'd call the parents and the parents would deny that their child was vaping, only the evidence was there in front of them,' he says. 'So, students are hiding it from their parents, they're hiding it from their teachers. Now if a student was smoking, or an adult was smoking, you can smell it off their breath, you can smell it off their clothes. There is no smell off the vapes, or if there is it's the smell of a bubblegum or a sweet, or a perfume you'd expect to smell.' Mr Crone confirms students don't realise the impact of the habit. 'At 14, 15, 16 years of age we all thought we were invincible back then,' he reflects. 'They don't see any immediate impact. The immediate impact they can feel would be the hit that they would get that would give them a little bit of energy from the nicotine, but equally as that addiction kicks in students will start to notice irritability, anxiety, little bits of aggression keeping in, lack of concentration, students just not being focused on the task at hand and having a reduced concentration span, and that becomes much worse as students try to wean off the nicotine addiction. 'Parents might notice that at home that they're [children] not sleeping well, they're waking up tired, it's hard to get them out of bed in the morning, that they don't follow through on their actions, and we're seeing all of that in schools. 'The big fear is that they are doing themselves the damage that they're not going to reach their potential. 'But there would be a genuine belief among teachers that it is having a significant impact on students and it is contributing to potentially students underperforming in state exams.' He stresses that many experts still don't know exactly what people are inhaling. 'There is a fear that we don't know what's in the vape,' says Mr Crone. 'We assume its nicotine, or tobacco, or whatever it is, but there are increasing reports that HHC or CBD oil are in the vapers, so we have had a number of critical incidents in schools.' Professor Bobby Smyth, consultant child and adolescent psychiatrist with the HSE Addiction Services, says: 'If you asked me two years ago, I would have said 'what is HHC?' and at this point it's part of the picture in about a quarter of cases.' The programme also explores how the tobacco industry has responded to this relatively new trend, with critics warning of familiar marketing tactics aimed at young consumers.
Irish Times
26-04-2025
- Health
- Irish Times
Nicotine pouches in schools: ‘This is heading towards epidemic proportions'
Secondary schoolteachers have raised concerns about the use of nicotine pouches by students in what they say is an issue of 'epidemic proportions'. 'Things are changing so quickly,' says Paul Crone, director of the National Association of Principals and Deputy Principals (NAPD).'For years and years it was just smoking. Then it went to vaping and now it's gone to snus pouches, all within a very short period of time. So as soon as you think you have a handle on one thing, it moves on.' Nicotine pouches, which are widely available to buy in Ireland, are typically white and contain a powder made of the highly addictive chemical nicotine, flavourings and other ingredients. Although nicotine pouches and snus are different, the terms are often used interchangeably. Snus comes in pouches that are darker in colour and contain tobacco. The sale of snus is illegal here and elsewhere in Europe, with the exception of Sweden , its country of origin. 'It's very hard, if not impossible, to deal with because you don't know' when students are using them, says Crone. READ MORE Citing 'irritability' and 'lack of concentration' as symptoms of usage, Crone adds that 'schools are becoming more convinced that nicotine addiction is playing a big part in student behaviours and it's normalised for them'. 'It's been normalised in many ways by influencers and sports stars who are using these nicotine pouches on their social media so the students will think that they're harmless and that they're cool. This is, I would say, heading towards epidemic proportions. They wouldn't be available in every shop if they weren't selling it.' A recent report commissioned by the British Professional Footballers Association found that about one in five male and female professional players uses snus, nicotine pouches, or both. Crone says the issue is difficult to deal with because it can be hard to tell when students are using the pouches as they are typically placed between a user's lip and gum and therefore not visible. There are signs, however: 'You might spot a dropped pouch on the floor of a corridor at break time.' I never really encourage people to take them, especially if you've never had nicotine before. Don't go near them — Ailbhe Lower, the influencer also known as Mr Bruv In recent years Ireland has seen restrictions on the sale of vaping products and e-cigarettes to under-18s, as well as planned legislation to ban disposable vapes and increase the minimum legal smoking age to 21. Social Democrats TD Jennifer Whitmore has called on the Government to regulate the sale of nicotine pouches. The Department of Health says the pouches are currently not covered by domestic or EU tobacco control legislation, but regulation was being discussed at EU level. Brighton-based influencer Ailbhe Lower, better known as Mr Bruv to his 425,000 TikTok followers, is rarely seen without a packet of Velo [a brand] nicotine pouches in hand. A neon-green cylinder of spearmint-flavoured pouches and pints of Guinness are both hallmarks of the 23-year-old's viral " bruv dates " with girlfriend and fellow influencer Faye Greenwood. [ Vapes, 'rollie' cigarettes and nicotine pouches: how people in their 20s are using tobacco Opens in new window ] 'I've got one in right now,' says Lower, on a Teams call, tapping where the little ball of nicotine sits snugly – and undetectable – under his upper lip. The HSE cautions that companies that make cigarettes continue to make and invest in other products that are not the same as nicotine replacement therapy . But some former smokers and vapers argue they are using nicotine pouches and snus as a 'harm reduction' strategy. 'I can just have it and I'm not obnoxiously blowing on a vape. So it's just a way to get my fix, basically, because I am a nicotine addict,' says Lower, who says his vaping habits had started to have a negative impact on his mental health. 'It started off because I was smoking for a long time, around five to six years. And I was quite into it. Then the vapes came around and I gave that a go because I thought, well at least this way I won't smell ... I noticed nicotine has quite a bad effect on my anxiety. I just felt myself being crazy anxious. I was googling things like 'what do you do if you have anxiety?'. The first results are 'drink less alcohol, have less nicotine'.' 'My cousin had the snus, and I thought I'd try one just to stop the cravings. Then I was like 'oh this could really be something I could see myself getting into'.' A container full of nicotine pouches. Photograph: James Arthur Gekiere/Belga Mag/ AFP via Getty Images 'Ryan' (27), who did not wish to give his real name but whose identity is known to The Irish Times, from Ranelagh in Dublin, was a self-described 'social smoker' through his teens and early 20s. He was similarly taken in by the wave of disposable vapes that entered the market a few years ago. 'Curiosity got the better of me. Within months I'd say I was going through about five disposable vapes a week, so fairly heavy. That lasted for about two years. I just found my respiratory health really went downhill,' says Ryan. He recalls waking up one morning 'really not well, wheezing' and deciding to 'get off these things' once and for all. Enter nicotine pouches. 'Since October of last year I've maybe been having about two containers of them a week, trying to help me wean off nicotine. I'm on the lowest strength or second-lowest strength of snus pouches at the moment.' Nicotine pouch strength is often denoted visually via a dot system on the product's packaging – whereby one dot represents low strength (<5mg nicotine per pouch) and four dots represents high strength (>10mg). This can vary from brand to brand. Lower has created a video trend surrounding the pouches, dubbed the 2 dot swap . Despite a consensus among users that snus lacks the social element afforded by smoking and vaping, the 2 dot swap sees couples sharing their nicotine pouches, passing a partially used specimen from one to another by mouth as a kind of romantic offering. For Ryan, using nicotine pouches is a more private affair. 'It tends to be just when I'm having a coffee or when I'm at home just chilling out, whether it's watching Netflix or sports, or going out on a walk. That would be the kind of settings in which I use them so it is markedly different from how you'd have a cigarette or vape.' 'During a social activity, you wouldn't be sitting there offering around nicotine pouches to your friends in the same way that someone might look for a drag of your vape or ask for a smoke off of you. I don't see that happening.' Both men warn against using nicotine pouches if not 'to replace a worse habit'. 'A lot of people think that they [Velo] pay me, but they definitely don't because I'm pretty sure that would be illegal,' says Lower, adding that 'I never really encourage people to take them, especially if you've never had nicotine before. Don't go near them.' He says it is common for first time users to experience nausea and dizziness. 'I've seen people who haven't smoked cigarettes and maybe don't have a tolerance, they take one and then they throw up and get a dizzy nicotine rush.' This is an observation echoed by Ryan: 'A lot of people say when they try their first nicotine pouch, especially if they haven't been an active smoker or vaper and taking on nicotine beforehand, they always feel quite sick.' From Ryan's perspective, nicotine pouches have 'a lot of benefits'. 'I just feel a lot more alert and awake and being able to get back into the gym and stuff like that has been really nice.' At the same time, he is 'acutely aware that they still pose a health risk' and would 'love to be off them entirely by the end of this year'. The HSE says the long-term risks of nicotine pouches are not known and notes that they can contain high levels of nicotine which can cause: increased heart rate and heart problems; increased blood pressure; sleep problems; problems with attention, learning and impulse control in young people; mental health difficulties, such as anxiety. In Trinity, I feel like you wouldn't put nicotine pouches on your table in a very visible area just because of societal norms. But here it's not really a big deal — Daniele Gudynaité A spokesperson from the Irish Heart Foundation echoed these health concerns, stating that: 'Given these risks and the absence of any benefit of these products to the young people that manufacturers are targeting, the Irish Heart Foundation believes the promotion and sale of nicotine pouches should be banned in Ireland without delay, as has already happened in Belgium, the Netherlands and some parts of Germany.' Dr Rory Boyd, president of the Irish Dental Association, has examined research on the effect of snus and nicotine pouches on oral health. 'Sweden is one of the powerhouses of oral health research and it has actually been very heavily researched unlike new products like vapes. We have very good research and evidence on nicotine pouches. Surprisingly to me, certainly, there was very little in the way of negative health effects.' While 'local friction on the gum where the pouch is held' has been shown to 'cause some recession and other gum issues ... in regards to oral cancer and any other soft tissue or oral health issues there hasn't been any research showing negative effects,' says Boyd. 'If it's used as a transition, as nicotine replacement therapy for a short to medium term to get somebody off cigarettes, we would be very much in favour of using nicotine replacement therapies as an adjunct to smoking.' However, when taken as an introduction to the drug, research indicates that 'there is a higher likelihood for people who use nicotine pouches to move on to other nicotine products such as cigarettes', he adds. Speaking about this concern, Crone said 'We [NAPD] did call for a health advisory notice in relation to vaping from the Department of Health. It hasn't come yet and I still think that would be very beneficial to help schools initiate the conversation around nicotine, but I would be pushing Government that there needs to be regulation put on these pouches too.' Daniele Gudynaité Trinity College Dublin student, Daniele Gudynaité (21), is currently on Erasmus in the Swedish capital, where she says snus and nicotine pouches are being sold from vending machines. 'It is very much a part of the culture here,' she says, having observed first-hand the Scandinavian country's efforts to become a smoke-free society . The number of people who smoke every day in Sweden has been reduced from 15 per cent to just over 5 per cent of the population in the last 15 years. 'It's something that I think the government itself has incentivised through its policies. There are a lot of smoke-free areas that exist ... There is a consideration for other people's health here and so that second hand smoking is what stops people from participating. 'The taxes on cigarettes and e-cigarettes are also very high and they keep on increasing them.' Gudynaité has come to expect 'the little circular boxes of snus on students' tables' she sees during lectures and exams. 'In Trinity, I feel like you wouldn't put nicotine pouches on your table in a very visible area just because of societal norms. But here it's not really a big deal and that's one of the things that surprised me,' she says. 'Exams here are quite long, usually three-four hours. People will bring in snacks and their nicotine pouches and they'll put it all over the table. 'Most of the people that I've talked to who use it regularly, the reason why they bring it into exams is not to calm their nerves or anything, it's simply because they can't really go four hours without using nicotine.' A spokesperson for the Department of Health said data on adolescent use of nicotine pouches in Ireland is being collected as part of the current European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). 'As yet, there is little evidence on possible health harms from nicotine pouches as they are a relatively recent product and according to available data the prevalence of use remains low in the adult population across the EU.'
