Latest news with #SensientTechnologiesCorp.
Daily Mail
30-04-2025
- Science
- Daily Mail
Fascinating look inside US mega factory making artificial food dyes as it races to ditch chemicals
In a sprawling Milwaukee lab facility, lab workers are mixing beet root and carrot juice to obtain the right shades of blues and oranges to replace the technicolor artificial dyes in Americans' favorite snack foods. People in head-to-toe suiting at Sensient Technologies Corp., one of the world's largest dye-makers, create powdered and liquid dyes out of natural ingredients and store them in a giant warehouse to be shipped out to businesses they contract with. Dave Gebhardt, Sensient's senior technical director, said: 'Most of our customers [including companies that make candies, sodas, and frozen treats] have decided that this is finally the time when they're going to make that switch to a natural color.' However, Sensient also fears that it, along with the broader food dye manufacturing industry, will struggle to meet the demand for natural dyes that HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and the wider Trump Administration are compelling food companies to use exclusively by 2026. It takes up to two years to grow the plants used to make natural colors, including black carrot extract, beet juice, and red cabbage. Synthetic dyes like the controversial Red 40, meanwhile, are relatively easy to make in large quantities. According to Sensient, there is no guarantee that a robust enough supply of carrots, cabbage, beets, and algae will be available to produce the bright hues of red, orange, blue, and green that Americans have become accustomed to eating. James Herrmann, marketing director of food colors at Sensient Technologies, said: 'If everybody switches at once, there is simply not enough material around the world available to meet the demand.' Major manufacturers, such as Sensient, will also need to alter their processing practices to scale up the development of natural products, a costly undertaking that may take longer than the timeline ordered by RFK Jr. Abby Tampow, a researcher in the lab, is working over petri dishes of red dyes spanning different ruby hues, trying to match the synthetic shade used for years in raspberry vinaigrette dressing. 'With this red, it needs a little more orange,' she told the Associated Press, mixing in purplish black carrot juice and an orange-red tint made from algae. Sensient is investing in the cultivation of new plant-based ingredients for dyes and broadening its sourcing network for crops from around the world, to maintain a stable supply regardless of climate issues or geopolitical disruptions. However, adhering to the Trump Administration's new initiative will necessitate a significant scale-up in growing and producing the natural sources of the dyes, which Sensient leadership does not believe is currently feasible. Paul Manning, the company's chief executive, said: 'It's not like there's 150 million pounds of beet juice sitting around waiting on the off chance the whole market may convert. 'Tens of millions of pounds of these products need to be grown, pulled out of the ground, extracted.' Furthermore, small bugs called cochineal, which can create the bright Barbie pink used in candies, come from only a few sources, such as prickly pear cacti in Peru. Approximately 70,000 insects are required to produce just 2.2 pounds of dye. Sensient sources raw materials from global farmers and producers. The ingredients typically arrive in bulk concentrates, which Sensient workers refine into liquids, granules, or powders. Then, they are supplied to food manufacturers to be used in finished products. Natural dyes are significantly more challenging to produce, store, and transport than their synthetic counterparts. It can take around 10 times as much material to make natural colors to mimic just a small amount of artificial dye, which will likely drive up costs for producers. Light and heat can cause colors to fade or change, or even separate. They are also likely to become chemically unstable with slight changes in acidity. There are also specific colors, namely blue, that are particularly difficult to maintain during processing. Manning said: 'How do you get that same vividness, that same performance, that same level of safety in that product as you would in a synthetic product? 'There's a lot of complexity associated with that.' RFK Jr., flanked by FDA Commissioner Marty Makary, announced last week that the agency will phase out the use of eight petroleum-based artificial food dyes – Red No. 3, Red No. 40, Yellow No. 5, Yellow No. 6, Blue No. 1, Blue No. 2, Citrus Red No. 2, and Orange B. The new timeline follows a recent meeting in which he urged food industry executives to eliminate artificial dyes from products before the end of his term in 2028. The FDA has not reached a formal agreement with the food industry to implement these goals, although it appears to have an understanding, and the agency has not presented a detailed plan for achieving them. RFK Jr suggested more additives could be next, telling the crowd: 'We're going to get rid of the dyes and we're going to get rid of every ingredient and additive in food that we can legally address. 'And for those ingredients we can't ban legally, we're going to start informing Americans about what they're eating.' Red 40 is among a group of dyes that contain benzidine, a known carcinogen for both humans and animals. While regulators permit trace amounts deemed 'safe,' concerns remain. In 1985, the FDA estimated that exposure to free benzidine from these dyes could increase cancer risk to nearly 1 in 1 million people, just below the official threshold for concern. Sensient's CEO Paul Manning emphasized the challenges of scaling natural dye production, noting that the industry can't rely on existing surplus crops like beet juice. Transitioning the market would require cultivating and processing tens of millions of pounds of raw materials Studies have also linked Red 40 and similar dyes to hyperactivity in children, including those without ADHD. Research suggests that these additives may exacerbate symptoms or induce behavioral changes. Additionally, Canadian scientists have found that Red 40 (also known as Allura Red) can disrupt gut function, impairing nutrient absorption and increasing the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. They warn that prolonged exposure may weaken the body's defenses. Blue 1, another common dye found in candies like gummy bears, has also been tied to hyperactivity and attention issues in kids. Unlike the U.S., where the FDA often reacts to safety concerns after products hit the market, European regulators ban or require warning labels on many of these dyes, taking a more preventive approach to food safety.
Chicago Tribune
29-04-2025
- Health
- Chicago Tribune
How bugs and beet juice could play roles in the race to replace artificial dyes in food
As pressure grows to get artificial colors out of the U.S. food supply, the shift may well start at Abby Tampow's laboratory desk. On an April afternoon, the scientist hovered over tiny dishes of red dye, each a slightly different ruby hue. Her task? To match the synthetic shade used for years in a commercial bottled raspberry vinaigrette — but by using only natural ingredients. 'With this red, it needs a little more orange,' Tampow said, mixing a slurry of purplish black carrot juice with a bit of beta-carotene, an orange-red color made from algae. Tampow is part of the team at Sensient Technologies Corp., one of the world's largest dyemakers, that is rushing to help the salad dressing manufacturer — along with thousands of other American businesses — meet demands to overhaul colors used to brighten products from cereals to sports drinks. 'Most of our customers have decided that this is finally the time when they're going to make that switch to a natural color,' said Dave Gebhardt, Sensient's senior technical director. He joined a recent tour of the Sensient Colors factory in a north St. Louis neighborhood. Last week, U.S. health officials announced plans to persuade food companies to voluntarily eliminate petroleum-based artificial dyes by the end of 2026. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. called them 'poisonous compounds' that endanger children's health and development, citing limited evidence of potential health risks. The federal push follows a flurry of state laws and a January decision to ban the artificial dye known as Red 3 — found in cakes, candies and some medications — because of cancer risks in lab animals. Social media influencers and ordinary consumers have ramped up calls for artificial colors to be removed from foods. A change to natural colors may not be fast The Food and Drug Administration allows about three dozen color additives, including eight remaining synthetic dyes. But making the change from the petroleum-based dyes to colors derived from vegetables, fruits, flowers and even insects won't be easy, fast or cheap, said Monica Giusti, an Ohio State University food color expert. 'Study after study has shown that if all companies were to remove synthetic colors from their formulations, the supply of the natural alternatives would not be enough,' Giusti said. 'We are not really ready.' It can take six months to a year to convert a single product from a synthetic dye to a natural one. And it could require three to four years to build up the supply of botanical products necessary for an industrywide shift, Sensient officials said. 'It's not like there's 150 million pounds of beet juice sitting around waiting on the off chance the whole market may convert,' said Paul Manning, the company's chief executive. 'Tens of millions of pounds of these products need to be grown, pulled out of the ground, extracted.' To make natural dyes, Sensient works with farmers and producers around the world to harvest the raw materials, which typically arrive at the plant as bulk concentrates. They're processed and blended into liquids, granules or powders and then sent to food companies to be added to final products. Natural dyes are harder to make and use than artificial colors. They are less consistent in color, less stable and subject to changes related to acidity, heat and light, Manning said. Blue is especially difficult. There aren't many natural sources of the color and those that exist can be hard to maintain during processing. Also, a natural color costs about 10 times more to make than the synthetic version, Manning estimated. 'How do you get that same vividness, that same performance, that same level of safety in that product as you would in a synthetic product?' he said. 'There's a lot of complexity associated with that.' The insects that could make 'Barbie pink' naturally Companies have long used the Red 3 synthetic dye to create what Sensient officials describe as 'the Barbie pink.' To create that color with a natural source might require the use of cochineal, an insect about the size of a peppercorn. The female insects release a vibrant red pigment, carminic acid, in their bodies and eggs. The bugs live only on prickly pear cactuses in Peru and elsewhere. About 70,000 cochineal insects are needed to produce 1 kilogram, about 2.2 pounds, of dye. 'It's interesting how the most exotic colors are found in the most exotic places,' said Norb Nobrega, who travels the world scouting new hues for Sensient. Artificial dyes are used widely in U.S. foods. About 1 in 5 food products in the U.S. contains added colors, whether natural or synthetic, Manning estimated. Many contain multiple colors. FDA requires a sample of each batch of synthetic colors to be submitted for testing and certification. Color additives derived from plant, animal or mineral sources are exempt, but have been evaluated by the agency. Health advocates have long called for the removal of artificial dyes from foods, citing mixed studies indicating they can cause neurobehavioral problems, including hyperactivity and attention issues, in some children. The FDA says that the approved dyes are safe when used according to regulations and that 'most children have no adverse effects when consuming foods containing color additives.' But critics note that added colors are a key component of ultraprocessed foods, which account for more than 70% of the U.S. diet and have been associated with a host of chronic health problems, including heart disease, diabetes and obesity. 'I am all for getting artificial food dyes out of the food supply,' said Marion Nestle, a food policy expert. 'They are strictly cosmetic, have no health or safety purpose, are markers of ultraprocessed foods and may be harmful to some children.' The cautionary tale of Trix cereal Color is powerful driver of consumer behavior and changes can backfire, Giusti noted. In 2016, food giant General Mills removed artificial dyes from Trix cereal after requests from consumers, switching to natural sources including turmeric, strawberries and radishes. But the cereal lost its neon colors, resulting in more muted hues — and a consumer backlash. Trix fans said they missed the bright colors and familiar taste of the cereal. In 2017, the company switched back. 'When it's a product you already love, that you're used to consuming, and it changes slightly, then it may not really be the same experience,' Giusti said. 'Announcing a regulatory change is one step, but then the implementation is another thing.' Kennedy, the health secretary, said U.S. officials have an 'understanding' with food companies to phase out artificial colors. Industry officials told The Associated Press that there is no formal agreement. However, several companies have said they plan to accelerate a shift to natural colors in some of their products. PepsiCo CEO Ramon Laguarta said most of its products are already free of artificial colors, and that its Lays and Tostitos brands will phase them out by the end of this year. He said the company plans to phase out artificial colors — or at least offer consumers a natural alternative — over the next few years. Representatives for General Mills said they're 'committed to continuing the conversation' with the administration. WK Kellogg officials said they are reformulating cereals used in the nation's school lunch programs to eliminate the artificial dyes and will halt any new products containing them starting next January. Sensient officials wouldn't confirm which companies are seeking help making the switch, but they said they're ready for the surge. 'Now that there's a date, there's the timeline,' Manning said. 'It certainly requires action.'
Mint
28-04-2025
- Health
- Mint
How bugs and beet juice could play roles in the race to replace artificial dyes in food
ST. LOUIS (AP) — As pressure grows to get artificial colors out of the U.S. food supply, the shift may well start at Abby Tampow's laboratory desk. On an April afternoon, the scientist hovered over tiny dishes of red dye, each a slightly different ruby hue. Her task? To match the synthetic shade used for years in a commercial bottled raspberry vinaigrette — but by using only natural ingredients. 'With this red, it needs a little more orange,' Tampow said, mixing a slurry of purplish black carrot juice with a bit of beta-carotene, an orange-red color made from algae. Tampow is part of the team at Sensient Technologies Corp., one of the world's largest dyemakers, that is rushing to help the salad dressing manufacturer — along with thousands of other American businesses — meet demands to overhaul colors used to brighten products from cereals to sports drinks. 'Most of our customers have decided that this is finally the time when they're going to make that switch to a natural color,' said Dave Gebhardt, Sensient's senior technical director. He joined a recent tour of the Sensient Colors factory in a north St. Louis neighborhood. Last week, U.S. health officials announced plans to persuade food companies to voluntarily eliminate petroleum-based artificial dyes by the end of 2026. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. called them 'poisonous compounds' that endanger children's health and development, citing limited evidence of potential health risks. The federal push follows a flurry of state laws and a January decision to ban the artificial dye known as Red 3 — found in cakes, candies and some medications — because of cancer risks in lab animals. Social media influencers and ordinary consumers have ramped up calls for artificial colors to be removed from foods. The FDA allows about three dozen color additives, including eight remaining synthetic dyes. But making the change from the petroleum-based dyes to colors derived from vegetables, fruits, flowers and even insects won't be easy, fast or cheap, said Monica Giusti, an Ohio State University food color expert. 'Study after study has shown that if all companies were to remove synthetic colors from their formulations, the supply of the natural alternatives would not be enough,' Giusti said. 'We are not really ready.' It can take six months to a year to convert a single product from a synthetic dye to a natural one. And it could require three to four years to build up the supply of botanical products necessary for an industrywide shift, Sensient officials said. 'It's not like there's 150 million pounds of beet juice sitting around waiting on the off chance the whole market may convert,' said Paul Manning, the company's chief executive. 'Tens of millions of pounds of these products need to be grown, pulled out of the ground, extracted.' To make natural dyes, Sensient works with farmers and producers around the world to harvest the raw materials, which typically arrive at the plant as bulk concentrates. They're processed and blended into liquids, granules or powders and then sent to food companies to be added to final products. Natural dyes are harder to make and use than artificial colors. They are less consistent in color, less stable and subject to changes related to acidity, heat and light, Manning said. Blue is especially difficult. There aren't many natural sources of the color and those that exist can be hard to maintain during processing. Also, a natural color costs about 10 times more to make than the synthetic version, Manning estimated. 'How do you get that same vividness, that same performance, that same level of safety in that product as you would in a synthetic product?' he said. 'There's a lot of complexity associated with that.' Companies have long used the Red 3 synthetic dye to create what Sensient officials describe as 'the Barbie pink.' To create that color with a natural source might require the use of cochineal, an insect about the size of a peppercorn. The female insects release a vibrant red pigment, carminic acid, in their bodies and eggs. The bugs live only on prickly pear cactuses in Peru and elsewhere. About 70,000 cochineal insects are needed to produce 1 kilogram, about 2.2 pounds, of dye. 'It's interesting how the most exotic colors are found in the most exotic places,' said Norb Norbrega, who travels the world scouting new hues for Sensient. Artificial dyes are used widely in U.S. foods. About 1 in 5 food products in the U.S. contains added colors, whether natural or synthetic, Manning estimated. Many contain multiple colors. FDA requires a sample of each batch of synthetic colors to be submitted for testing and certification. Color additives derived from plant, animal or mineral sources are exempt, but have been evaluated by the agency. Health advocates have long called for the removal of artificial dyes from foods, citing mixed studies indicating they can cause neurobehavioral problems, including hyperactivity and attention issues, in some children. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says that the approved dyes are safe when used according to regulations and that 'most children have no adverse effects when consuming foods containing color additives.' But critics note that added colors are a key component of ultraprocessed foods, which account for more than 70% of the U.S. diet and have been associated with a host of chronic health problems, including heart disease, diabetes and obesity. 'I am all for getting artificial food dyes out of the food supply,' said Marion Nestle, a food policy expert. 'They are strictly cosmetic, have no health or safety purpose, are markers of ultraprocessed foods and may be harmful to some children.' Color is powerful driver of consumer behavior and changes can backfire, Giusti noted. In 2016, food giant General Mills removed artificial dyes from Trix cereal after requests from consumers, switching to natural sources including turmeric, strawberries and radishes. But the cereal lost its neon colors, resulting in more muted hues — and a consumer backlash. Trix fans said they missed the bright colors and familiar taste of the cereal. In 2017, the company switched back. 'When it's a product you already love, that you're used to consuming, and it changes slightly, then it may not really be the same experience,' Giusti said. 'Announcing a regulatory change is one step, but then the implementation is another thing.' Kennedy, the health secretary, said U.S. officials have an 'understanding' with food companies to phase out artificial colors. Industry officials told The Associated Press that there is no formal agreement. However, several companies have said they plan to accelerate a shift to natural colors in some of their products. PepsiCo CEO Ramon Laguarta said most of its products are already free of artificial colors, and that its Lays and Tostitos brands will phase them out by the end of this year. He said the company plans to phase out artificial colors — or at least offer consumers a natural alternative — over the next few years. Representatives for General Mills said they're 'committed to continuing the conversation' with the administration. WK Kellogg officials said they are reformulating cereals used in the nation's school lunch programs to eliminate the artificial dyes and will halt any new products containing them starting next January. Sensient officials wouldn't confirm which companies are seeking help making the switch, but they said they're ready for the surge. 'Now that there's a date, there's the timeline,' Manning said. 'It certainly requires action.' Dee-Ann Durbin contributed reporting from Detroit. The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Science and Educational Media Group and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content. First Published: 28 Apr 2025, 06:55 PM IST
Yahoo
28-04-2025
- Health
- Yahoo
How bugs and beet juice could play roles in the race to replace artificial dyes in food
ST. LOUIS (AP) — As pressure grows to get artificial colors out of the U.S. food supply, the shift may well start at Abby Tampow's laboratory desk. On an April afternoon, the scientist hovered over tiny dishes of red dye, each a slightly different ruby hue. Her task? To match the synthetic shade used for years in a commercial bottled raspberry vinaigrette — but by using only natural ingredients. 'With this red, it needs a little more orange,' Tampow said, mixing a slurry of purplish black carrot juice with a bit of beta-carotene, an orange-red color made from algae. Tampow is part of the team at Sensient Technologies Corp., one of the world's largest dyemakers, that is rushing to help the salad dressing manufacturer — along with thousands of other American businesses — meet demands to overhaul colors used to brighten products from cereals to sports drinks. 'Most of our customers have decided that this is finally the time when they're going to make that switch to a natural color,' said Dave Gebhardt, Sensient's senior technical director. He joined a recent tour of the Sensient Colors factory in a north St. Louis neighborhood. Last week, U.S. health officials announced plans to persuade food companies to voluntarily eliminate petroleum-based artificial dyes by the end of 2026. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. called them 'poisonous compounds' that endanger children's health and development, citing limited evidence of potential health risks. The federal push follows a flurry of state laws and a January decision to ban the artificial dye known as Red 3 — found in cakes, candies and some medications — because of cancer risks in lab animals. Social media influencers and ordinary consumers have ramped up calls for artificial colors to be removed from foods. A change to natural colors may not be fast The FDA allows about three dozen color additives, including eight remaining synthetic dyes. But making the change from the petroleum-based dyes to colors derived from vegetables, fruits, flowers and even insects won't be easy, fast or cheap, said Monica Giusti, an Ohio State University food color expert. 'Study after study has shown that if all companies were to remove synthetic colors from their formulations, the supply of the natural alternatives would not be enough,' Giusti said. 'We are not really ready.' It can take six months to a year to convert a single product from a synthetic dye to a natural one. And it could require three to four years to build up the supply of botanical products necessary for an industrywide shift, Sensient officials said. 'It's not like there's 150 million pounds of beet juice sitting around waiting on the off chance the whole market may convert,' said Paul Manning, the company's chief executive. 'Tens of millions of pounds of these products need to be grown, pulled out of the ground, extracted.' To make natural dyes, Sensient works with farmers and producers around the world to harvest the raw materials, which typically arrive at the plant as bulk concentrates. They're processed and blended into liquids, granules or powders and then sent to food companies to be added to final products. Natural dyes are harder to make and use than artificial colors. They are less consistent in color, less stable and subject to changes related to acidity, heat and light, Manning said. Blue is especially difficult. There aren't many natural sources of the color and those that exist can be hard to maintain during processing. Also, a natural color costs about 10 times more to make than the synthetic version, Manning estimated. 'How do you get that same vividness, that same performance, that same level of safety in that product as you would in a synthetic product?' he said. 'There's a lot of complexity associated with that.' The insects that could make 'Barbie pink' naturally Companies have long used the Red 3 synthetic dye to create what Sensient officials describe as 'the Barbie pink.' To create that color with a natural source might require the use of cochineal, an insect about the size of a peppercorn. The female insects release a vibrant red pigment, carminic acid, in their bodies and eggs. The bugs live only on prickly pear cactuses in Peru and elsewhere. About 70,000 cochineal insects are needed to produce 1 kilogram, about 2.2 pounds, of dye. 'It's interesting how the most exotic colors are found in the most exotic places,' said Norb Norbrega, who travels the world scouting new hues for Sensient. Artificial dyes are used widely in U.S. foods. About 1 in 5 food products in the U.S. contains added colors, whether natural or synthetic, Manning estimated. Many contain multiple colors. FDA requires a sample of each batch of synthetic colors to be submitted for testing and certification. Color additives derived from plant, animal or mineral sources are exempt, but have been evaluated by the agency. Health advocates have long called for the removal of artificial dyes from foods, citing mixed studies indicating they can cause neurobehavioral problems, including hyperactivity and attention issues, in some children. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says that the approved dyes are safe when used according to regulations and that 'most children have no adverse effects when consuming foods containing color additives.' But critics note that added colors are a key component of ultraprocessed foods, which account for more than 70% of the U.S. diet and have been associated with a host of chronic health problems, including heart disease, diabetes and obesity. 'I am all for getting artificial food dyes out of the food supply,' said Marion Nestle, a food policy expert. 'They are strictly cosmetic, have no health or safety purpose, are markers of ultraprocessed foods and may be harmful to some children.' The cautionary tale of Trix cereal Color is powerful driver of consumer behavior and changes can backfire, Giusti noted. In 2016, food giant General Mills removed artificial dyes from Trix cereal after requests from consumers, switching to natural sources including turmeric, strawberries and radishes. But the cereal lost its neon colors, resulting in more muted hues — and a consumer backlash. Trix fans said they missed the bright colors and familiar taste of the cereal. In 2017, the company switched back. 'When it's a product you already love, that you're used to consuming, and it changes slightly, then it may not really be the same experience,' Giusti said. 'Announcing a regulatory change is one step, but then the implementation is another thing.' Kennedy, the health secretary, said U.S. officials have an 'understanding' with food companies to phase out artificial colors. Industry officials told The Associated Press that there is no formal agreement. However, several companies have said they plan to accelerate a shift to natural colors in some of their products. PepsiCo CEO Ramon Laguarta said most of its products are already free of artificial colors, and that its Lays and Tostitos brands will phase them out by the end of this year. He said the company plans to phase out artificial colors — or at least offer consumers a natural alternative — over the next few years. Representatives for General Mills said they're 'committed to continuing the conversation' with the administration. WK Kellogg officials said they are reformulating cereals used in the nation's school lunch programs to eliminate the artificial dyes and will halt any new products containing them starting next January. Sensient officials wouldn't confirm which companies are seeking help making the switch, but they said they're ready for the surge. 'Now that there's a date, there's the timeline,' Manning said. 'It certainly requires action.' ___ Dee-Ann Durbin contributed reporting from Detroit. ___ The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Science and Educational Media Group and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.
Associated Press
28-04-2025
- Health
- Associated Press
How bugs and beet juice could play roles in the race to replace artificial dyes in food
ST. LOUIS (AP) — As pressure grows to get artificial colors out of the U.S. food supply, the shift may well start at Abby Tampow's laboratory desk. On an April afternoon, the scientist hovered over tiny dishes of red dye, each a slightly different ruby hue. Her task? To match the synthetic shade used for years in a commercial bottled raspberry vinaigrette — but by using only natural ingredients. 'With this red, it needs a little more orange,' Tampow said, mixing a slurry of purplish black carrot juice with a bit of beta-carotene, an orange-red color made from algae. Tampow is part of the team at Sensient Technologies Corp., one of the world's largest dyemakers, that is rushing to help the salad dressing manufacturer — along with thousands of other American businesses — meet demands to overhaul colors used to brighten products from cereals to sports drinks. 'Most of our customers have decided that this is finally the time when they're going to make that switch to a natural color,' said Dave Gebhardt, Sensient's senior technical director. He joined a recent tour of the Sensient Colors factory in a north St. Louis neighborhood. Last week, U.S. health officials announced plans to persuade food companies to voluntarily eliminate petroleum-based artificial dyes by the end of 2026. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. called them 'poisonous compounds' that endanger children's health and development, citing limited evidence of potential health risks. The federal push follows a flurry of state laws and a January decision to ban the artificial dye known as Red 3 — found in cakes, candies and some medications — because of cancer risks in lab animals. Social media influencers and ordinary consumers have ramped up calls for artificial colors to be removed from foods. A change to natural colors may not be fast The FDA allows about three dozen color additives, including eight remaining synthetic dyes. But making the change from the petroleum-based dyes to colors derived from vegetables, fruits, flowers and even insects won't be easy, fast or cheap, said Monica Giusti, an Ohio State University food color expert. 'Study after study has shown that if all companies were to remove synthetic colors from their formulations, the supply of the natural alternatives would not be enough,' Giusti said. 'We are not really ready.' It can take six months to a year to convert a single product from a synthetic dye to a natural one. And it could require three to four years to build up the supply of botanical products necessary for an industrywide shift, Sensient officials said. 'It's not like there's 150 million pounds of beet juice sitting around waiting on the off chance the whole market may convert,' said Paul Manning, the company's chief executive. 'Tens of millions of pounds of these products need to be grown, pulled out of the ground, extracted.' To make natural dyes, Sensient works with farmers and producers around the world to harvest the raw materials, which typically arrive at the plant as bulk concentrates. They're processed and blended into liquids, granules or powders and then sent to food companies to be added to final products. Natural dyes are harder to make and use than artificial colors. They are less consistent in color, less stable and subject to changes related to acidity, heat and light, Manning said. Blue is especially difficult. There aren't many natural sources of the color and those that exist can be hard to maintain during processing. Also, a natural color costs about 10 times more to make than the synthetic version, Manning estimated. 'How do you get that same vividness, that same performance, that same level of safety in that product as you would in a synthetic product?' he said. 'There's a lot of complexity associated with that.' The insects that could make 'Barbie pink' naturally Companies have long used the Red 3 synthetic dye to create what Sensient officials describe as 'the Barbie pink.' To create that color with a natural source might require the use of cochineal, an insect about the size of a peppercorn. The female insects release a vibrant red pigment, carminic acid, in their bodies and eggs. The bugs live only on prickly pear cactuses in Peru and elsewhere. About 70,000 cochineal insects are needed to produce 1 kilogram, about 2.2 pounds, of dye. 'It's interesting how the most exotic colors are found in the most exotic places,' said Norb Norbrega, who travels the world scouting new hues for Sensient. Artificial dyes are used widely in U.S. foods. About 1 in 5 food products in the U.S. contains added colors, whether natural or synthetic, Manning estimated. Many contain multiple colors. FDA requires a sample of each batch of synthetic colors to be submitted for testing and certification. Color additives derived from plant, animal or mineral sources are exempt, but have been evaluated by the agency. Health advocates have long called for the removal of artificial dyes from foods, citing mixed studies indicating they can cause neurobehavioral problems, including hyperactivity and attention issues, in some children. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says that the approved dyes are safe when used according to regulations and that 'most children have no adverse effects when consuming foods containing color additives.' But critics note that added colors are a key component of ultraprocessed foods, which account for more than 70% of the U.S. diet and have been associated with a host of chronic health problems, including heart disease, diabetes and obesity. 'I am all for getting artificial food dyes out of the food supply,' said Marion Nestle, a food policy expert. 'They are strictly cosmetic, have no health or safety purpose, are markers of ultraprocessed foods and may be harmful to some children.' The cautionary tale of Trix cereal Color is powerful driver of consumer behavior and changes can backfire, Giusti noted. In 2016, food giant General Mills removed artificial dyes from Trix cereal after requests from consumers, switching to natural sources including turmeric, strawberries and radishes. But the cereal lost its neon colors, resulting in more muted hues — and a consumer backlash. Trix fans said they missed the bright colors and familiar taste of the cereal. In 2017, the company switched back. 'When it's a product you already love, that you're used to consuming, and it changes slightly, then it may not really be the same experience,' Giusti said. 'Announcing a regulatory change is one step, but then the implementation is another thing.' Kennedy, the health secretary, said U.S. officials have an 'understanding' with food companies to phase out artificial colors. Industry officials told The Associated Press that there is no formal agreement. However, several companies have said they plan to accelerate a shift to natural colors in some of their products. PepsiCo CEO Ramon Laguarta said most of its products are already free of artificial colors, and that its Lays and Tostitos brands will phase them out by the end of this year. He said the company plans to phase out artificial colors — or at least offer consumers a natural alternative — over the next few years. Representatives for General Mills said they're 'committed to continuing the conversation' with the administration. WK Kellogg officials said they are reformulating cereals used in the nation's school lunch programs to eliminate the artificial dyes and will halt any new products containing them starting next January. Sensient officials wouldn't confirm which companies are seeking help making the switch, but they said they're ready for the surge. 'Now that there's a date, there's the timeline,' Manning said. 'It certainly requires action.' ___ Dee-Ann Durbin contributed reporting from Detroit. ___ The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Science and Educational Media Group and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.
