Latest news with #TipuSultan
News18
3 days ago
- Lifestyle
- News18
Which Language Gave The World 'Pyjama'?
Pyjamas, originating from Persian and South Asian roots, evolved from traditional loose garments to global sleepwear and now, to a stylish streetwear Clothing trends have certainly evolved over the years, yet one arm of fashion has remained steadfast: the pyjama. While renowned as a sleepwear staple, pyjamas have now crossed into everyday life, worn at home, at weddings, and even on the streets. Youth culture has embraced the concept wholeheartedly, with 'pyjama parties' becoming a global phenomenon. But where does this comforting garment get its name and what does it actually mean? From Persian Origins To South Asian Roots The term pajama, commonly linked with bedtime attire, originates from the Hindi/Urdu word paijama, which in turn derives from Persian. In Persian, 'paay' or 'pa' means 'foot', and 'jama' signifies 'cloth' or 'dress', so the literal meaning of 'pajama' is more akin to 'foot‑covering garment'. Historically, it referred to a loose‑fitting ensemble, typically made of cotton or silk, tied at the waist with a drawstring. Both men and women across India and Central Asia favoured this stitched form; distinct from the draped clothing predominant in South Asia at the time. Western Adoption: From 17th‑Century Goa To Victorian England According to a South China Morning Post report, Europeans in Asia adopted not only the garment but also its name. A French travelogue describes Portuguese settlers in Goa around 1610 who refused to sleep without wearing pyjamas. By the 17th century, the garment had made its way to England, referred to as 'Mughal breeches' and used as casual loungewear, although this fashion was short-lived. The first recorded English usage of the term occurred in 1801, in reference to the 'pyjamas or drawers' in Tipu Sultan's wardrobe. By 1854, it was common advice for European visitors to British India to wear pajamas for afternoon naps, praised for their comfort and familiarity. Pajamas Become Standard Sleepwear During the Victorian era, around 1870, pyjamas began to replace the traditional nightdress for men in England and across Europe, becoming a widely accepted form of sleepwear. Over time, the term evolved into various colloquial forms: PJs, jammies, and jim‑jams, with 'jim‑jams' often used playfully to denote sleeplessness. From Beachwear To Streetwear: A Modern Reinvention In the 1920s, fashion icon Coco Chanel introduced the concept of the 'beach pyjama', a stylish loungewear look designed for seaside leisure. Fast-forward to the 2000s, and pajamas made a notable fashion comeback, sparking the trend of 'sleepwear as streetwear', where silky sets became fashionable attire beyond the bedroom. The journey of the pajama is one of cultural exchanges and evolving fashion norms, from a practical garment in Persian and South Asian homes to an international icon in both sleepwear and street style. What began as simple comfortable clothing has now become a global fashion staple. view comments First Published: July 18, 2025, 15:32 IST Disclaimer: Comments reflect users' views, not News18's. Please keep discussions respectful and constructive. Abusive, defamatory, or illegal comments will be removed. News18 may disable any comment at its discretion. By posting, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
News18
4 days ago
- Politics
- News18
NCERT Omits Tipu Sultan, Anglo–Mysore Wars From Class 8 Social Science Textbook
Last Updated: Michel Danino, chair of the textbook development committee, said the decision was taken as including every war would revert to a 'cramming' style filled with dates and battles NCERT's newly released Class 8 Social Science textbook, in the news for highlighting the 'brutality" of Mughals, also excludes Tipu Sultan, Haider Ali, and the four Anglo–Mysore Wars from its chapter on colonial rule. While the book, Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Part 1), traces early European arrival—from Vasco da Gama to the Battle of Plassey—and highlights economic exploitation, the 1857 Rebellion, and cultural looting, the Mysore resistance is notably absent. Instead, NCERT includes uprisings such as the Sannyasi–Fakir rebellion, Kol and Santhal insurrections, and the Anglo–Maratha Wars. It even asserts that 'the British took India from the Marathas more than from the Mughals or any other power". Explaining the change, Michel Danino, chair of the textbook development committee, emphasised that the book serves as an overview and not a comprehensive history. He noted that including every war would revert to a 'cramming" style filled with dates and battles—and confirmed that Tipu Sultan and the Anglo–Mysore Wars won't likely feature in Part 2 either, India Today reported. The revised edition also brings fresh perspectives: it spotlights the economic 'drain" on India, estimating a loss of $45 trillion (modern value) from 1765 to 1938, debunks the notion that railways and telegraphs were British benevolence—revealing they were funded by Indian taxes—and highlights widespread cultural theft from colonial powers. However, critics argue the exclusions downplay significant chapters of India's resistance. Tipu Sultan, known as the 'Tiger of Mysore" who led four major wars between 1767 and 1799 with innovations like iron cased rockets, is a key figure lost in this narrative, the Indian Express reported. The textbook had also raised eyebrows for depicting Babur as a 'brutal and ruthless conqueror who slaughtered entire populations of cities", Akbar's reign as a 'blend of brutality and tolerance", and Aurangzeb as one who demolished temples and gurdwaras. NCERT explained the inclusion of these descriptions in a 'Note on Some Darker Periods in History", with one chapter including a cautionary statement that 'no one should be held responsible today for events of the past". NCERT has been bringing out new school textbooks in line with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework for School Education 2023. view comments First Published: July 17, 2025, 16:07 IST Disclaimer: Comments reflect users' views, not News18's. Please keep discussions respectful and constructive. Abusive, defamatory, or illegal comments will be removed. News18 may disable any comment at its discretion. By posting, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
India Today
4 days ago
- Politics
- India Today
Tipu Sultan, Anglo-Mysore wars missing from NCERT's new Class 8 social science book
The newly released NCERT Class 8 Social Science textbook has drawn attention for omitting key historical figures like Tipu Sultan and events such as the Anglo-Mysore wars from its chapter on colonial rule. While the book offers fresh economic and cultural perspectives, critics question the gaps in its portrayal of India's resistance against British THE NEW TEXTBOOK COVERSTitled Exploring Society: India and Beyond (Part 1), the textbook traces the arrival of Europeans in India starting from the late 1400s, beginning with Vasco da Gama. It highlights events like the Battle of Plassey (1757), the economic exploitation under colonial rule, and the 1857 rebellion, portraying how British colonialism drained India's wealth and disrupted traditional SULTAN AND MYSORE RESISTANCE LEFT OUTUnlike the previous textbook, the new edition omits Tipu Sultan, Haidar Ali, and the four Anglo-Mysore wars — a key chapter in the resistance to British expansion in southern India. These figures, once highlighted as major opponents of British power, no longer appear in the revised colonial FOCUS ON RESISTANCE MOVEMENTS While Mysore's resistance is missing, the book includes early uprisings like the Sannyasi-Fakir rebellion, Kol Uprising, and Santhal rebellion. A separate chapter on the Marathas mentions the Anglo-Maratha wars and states that the British 'took India from the Marathas more than from the Mughals or any other power.'NCERT'S EXPLANATION FOR THE OMISSIONMichel Danino, chair of the NCERT textbook development group, clarified that the current Class 8 textbook aims to give an overview rather than exhaustive detail. 'We fall back into the old mode of cramming textbooks with dates and wars if we try to include everything,' he said. On whether Tipu Sultan might appear in Part 2, he added, 'Probably not.'One of the key features of the new book is its focus on the economic impact of colonialism. Citing economist Utsa Patnaik, it claims that colonial powers extracted wealth equivalent to $45 trillion (in today's value) from India between 1765 and 1938. It also refutes the common narrative that infrastructure like railways and telegraphs were British "gifts", stating they were largely funded by Indian taxpayers for colonial LOOT UNDER COLONIAL RULEThe textbook includes a new section on how colonial powers looted India's cultural wealth — statues, manuscripts, jewels, and artefacts — much of which ended up in European museums and private collections. It labels this appropriation as 'massive theft' carried out across colonised the textbook brings in important perspectives on colonial exploitation and cultural theft, its omission of major resistance figures like Tipu Sultan has sparked concern over whether it presents a holistic view of India's colonial past. Critics argue that skipping such chapters of history could dilute students' understanding of India's diverse anti-colonial struggle.- EndsMust Watch
Indian Express
5 days ago
- Politics
- Indian Express
NCERT social science textbook: New Class 8 book chapter on colonial era skips Tipu Sultan, Anglo-Mysore wars
The new NCERT Class 8 Social Science textbook skips the mention of Tipu Sultan, Haidar Ali or the Anglo-Mysore wars of 1700s in its chapter on India's colonial era, which has been described as time when 'one of the richest lands of the world had become one of the poorest'. Part 1 of the textbook — 'Exploring Society: Indian and Beyond' — was released this week for use in the ongoing academic session. A second part is expected this year. The chapter on the colonial era covers the period from the late 1400s and the arrival of Vasco da Gama up to the late 1800s, including the 'Great Indian Rebellion of 1857'. It traces the shift of the British from being traders to rulers, refers to the Battle of Plassey — a decisive victory for the East India Company against Nawab of Bengal in 1757 — and the 'drain of India's wealth' during this period. A section on the early resistance movements that challenged British colonialism in the run-up to the 1857 rebellion refers to the 'Sannyasi-Fakir rebellion' of the 1700s, the Kol Uprising, and the Santhal rebellion and 'peasant uprisings' of the 1800s. In a separate chapter on the Marathas, it refers to the Anglo-Maratha wars between 1775 and 1818 and states that 'the British took India from the Marathas more than from the Mughals or any other power'. In the old Class 8 Social Science textbook, a section on the expansion of the East India Company's rule from 1757 to 1857 also pointed to the resistance to them from the rulers of Mysore — referring to Mysore under Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan, 'the Tiger of Mysore', and the four Anglo-Mysore Wars in the 1700s. It also described the wars the Marathas fought against the East India Company. When asked if Tipu Sultan and the Anglo-Mysore wars may find a mention in part 2 of the new Social Science book, Michel Danino, who chaired NCERT's group that developed the book based on the National Education Policy 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework, said chapters for part 2 'are not ready yet'. 'But a temporary answer is: probably not,' he said. 'It's unfortunately not possible to cover all events of the colonial period; if we try to, we fall back into the old mode of cramming textbooks with dates, wars etc. In the Middle Stage (Classes 6-8), we only do a quick overview of Indian history; in the Secondary Stage (Classes 9 to 12), there will be opportunities to go over some periods — especially the crucial one of colonial domination — in greater depth,' he added. 'Drain of wealth' Referring to the 'age of colonialism' and the expansion of the European powers from the 15th century onwards in different parts of the world, the book notes that while the colonisers claimed they had a 'civilizing mission', the reality was different and included 'destruction of traditional ways of life, and the imposition of foreign cultural values.' According to the new book, until the 16th century, when European powers began sailing to the Indian subcontinent, India contributed 'at least one-fourth of the world GDP during this whole period, making it one of the two largest economies globally alongside China (whose contribution was of the same order).' A later section in the chapter points out that 'India's share of the world GDP kept declining throughout the colonial rule, reaching hardly 5 per cent at the time of Independence. In less than two centuries, one of the richest lands of the world had become one of the poorest.' Similarly, a section on the 'drain of India's wealth' says the colonisers extracted 'many billions of pounds from India', and 'a more recent estimate (by Utsa Patnaik) for the period 1765 to 1938 comes to 45 trillion US dollars (in today's value)'. 'Had this wealth remained invested in India, it would have been a very different country when it attained independence,' it says. The new book also says the construction of India's railways 'was not a gift from the colonial rulers to India.' 'Most of it was paid for by Indian tax revenue, which means that Indian funded infrastructure primarily served British strategic and commercial interests. The same can be said of the telegraph network,' it says. The colonial powers 'stole thousands of statues, paintings, jewels, manuscripts and other cultural artefacts from India and sent them to European museums or private collections,' the book says, adding that such 'massive theft' took place over much of the colonized world. The old Class 8 book did not have the sections on the railways, the 'theft' of artefacts, and world GDP. Said Danino: 'We included the real facts on the financing of the Indian railway and telegraph (and several wars, including putting down the 1857 Rebellion) because otherwise we give a wrong impression that these were great gifts by the colonial powers. They were no gifts and contributed to make poor Indians (especially the peasant class) even poorer through revenue extraction.' He maintained that his remarks reflect his personal opinion.
India.com
11-07-2025
- India.com
Backpackers Swear By This: The Ultimate Free Guide To Exploring Mysuru Like A Local!
Mysuru, often called the cultural capital of Karnataka, is a city that charms visitors with its royal heritage, stunning architecture, and old-world charm. While many believe that exploring a city means spending money, Mysuru proves otherwise. You don't need to break the bank to enjoy its beauty. In fact, if you plan wisely, you can experience the essence of this city without spending a single dollar (or rupee!). Sounds exciting, right? Here's a guide to discovering Mysuru's best spots absolutely free of cost. at the Grandeur of Mysore Palace (from Outside!) One of the most iconic landmarks of the city, Mysore Palace is a sight to behold. While entry inside requires a ticket, you can admire its stunning Indo-Saracenic architecture from the outside without spending a penny. The intricate carvings, domes, and arches make it a perfect backdrop for photographs. For an even more magical experience, visit in the evening when the palace is illuminated with thousands of golden lights on Sundays and public holidays. The grandeur of this spectacle is something you simply can't miss! Quick Facts: Built in 1912, designed by British architect Henry Irwin. Illuminated with 97,000 bulbs on special occasions. The palace attracts over 6 million visitors annually. a Stroll in Kukkarahalli Lake If you enjoy peaceful walks in nature, head to Kukkarahalli Lake. This scenic spot in the heart of the city offers a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle. The 5-km walking trail around the lake is perfect for an early morning or evening stroll. You can spot migratory birds, enjoy the cool breeze, and just take in the serene surroundings—all for free! Quick Facts: Spread over 58 hectares, this lake is over 200 years old. Home to 180+ species of birds. A favorite among walkers, joggers, and nature lovers. Devaraja Market – A Burst of Colors & Aromas For a true taste of Mysuru's local life, visit Devaraja Market. This bustling bazaar is a visual delight, with rows of colorful flowers, vibrant spices, and stacks of fresh fruits. Walking through the market, you'll witness traditional Mysorean trade practices and enjoy the cheerful banter of vendors. Even if you don't plan on buying anything, the experience of soaking in the sights, sounds, and smells is absolutely worth it! Quick Facts: Over 100 years old, dating back to the reign of Tipu Sultan. Famous for Mysore jasmine, a variety of aromatic flowers. One of the busiest traditional markets in Karnataka. the Changing of Guards at Jayalakshmi Vilas Mansion Mysuru has a regal history, and the Changing of Guards ceremony at Jayalakshmi Vilas Mansion is a unique way to witness it. The mansion, now part of the University of Mysore, hosts this ceremony occasionally, offering visitors a glimpse into the grandeur of Mysorean royalty. Quick Facts: Built in the late 19th century by Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar. Features exquisite carvings and stained glass windows. Often used for cultural and academic events. Chamundi Hill for Breathtaking Views Chamundi Hill is one of the most famous landmarks of Mysuru, and the best part? You can visit for free! Take the 1,000-step staircase up to the hilltop and enjoy panoramic views of the city. At the summit, you'll find the Chamundeshwari Temple (entry is free) and the massive Nandi statue, one of the largest monolithic bulls in India. Quick Facts: Hill stands at 1,060 meters above sea level. The Nandi statue is 16 feet tall and 25 feet long. The temple is over 1,000 years old. St. Philomena's Cathedral This grand Gothic-style cathedral is one of the largest churches in India. The stunning stained-glass windows and towering spires make it a must-visit. Entry is free, and you can spend time admiring its intricate design, quiet ambiance, and rich history. Quick Facts: Inspired by Cologne Cathedral in Germany. Built in 1936 by Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV. One of the tallest churches in Asia at 175 feet. at Karanji Lake Park This lesser-known gem is a great spot for nature lovers. While there is a small entry fee for the lake, you can still enjoy the beautiful surroundings from the outside for free. The park around the lake is a perfect place to relax, read a book, or simply enjoy Mysuru's pleasant weather. Quick Facts: Spread over 90 acres, it is one of the largest lakes in Karnataka. Home to 147 species of birds. Features India's largest walk-through aviary. Free Cultural Events at Rangayana Mysuru has a rich cultural scene, and Rangayana, a renowned theater institute, often hosts free plays, music performances, and literary discussions. If you're lucky, you might catch an engaging folk dance or a storytelling session showcasing Karnataka's traditions. Quick Facts: Established in 1989 as Karnataka's first repertory theater. Hosts annual theater festivals and free workshops. A hub for literature, poetry, and performing arts. the Musical Fountain Show at Brindavan Gardens (From Afar!) The famous Brindavan Gardens are ticketed, but here's a trick—if you stand near the entrance, you can still enjoy the stunning musical fountain show from a distance. The synchronized water dances to peppy Kannada and Bollywood tunes, making it a fun and free way to end your day. Quick Facts: Built in 1932, inspired by Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir. Covers over 60 acres with terraced lawns and fountains. Musical fountain shows are held daily in the evening. Final Thoughts Mysuru offers countless experiences that don't require a hefty wallet. From royal palaces to serene lakes, from bustling markets to breathtaking hilltops, the city's charm is accessible to all, even for free! So, if you ever find yourself in Mysuru with an empty wallet but a heart full of wanderlust, just follow this guide and enjoy the city's magic at zero cost. Happy exploring!
