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USA Today
5 days ago
- Science
- USA Today
One of 'easiest-to-observe nebulas' will be visible in August: Where, how to see it
The "dumbbell nebula" should be visible throughout August and beyond high in the sky anywhere in the United States. Stargazers have plenty of reasons to look up throughout August – a month marked by meteor showers, planetary conjunctions and even a visible nebula. Yes, a formation known as the "dumbbell nebula" – nicknamed because it looks like, well, a dumbbell – should be easy to spot throughout the month, NASA said in an August skywatching guide. But unlike other cosmic phenomena that will appear in August, the "dumbbell nebula" unfortunately won't be visible to the naked eye. The good news? You still don't need any especially advanced equipment to see it. Here's what to know about the "dumbbell nebula" and how to see it in the August skies. What is a nebula? A nebula, such as the two that the Vera C. Rubin Observatory analyzed earlier in 2025, is a luminescent giant cloud of dust and gas in space. A nebula could be the result of an explosion of a dying star such as a supernova, which throws out gas and dust, according to NASA. Other nebulae are regions where new stars are beginning to form, such as the Cat's Paw nebula that the James Webb Space Telescope recently studied in unprecedented detail. What is the 'dumbbell nebula?' The "dumbbell nebula," also known as Messier 27, is what astronomers refer to as a planetary nebula due to its round, planet-like appearance when viewed through a telescope, according to NASA. Spotted in 1764 by French astronomer Charles Messier, the "dumbbell nebula" is the first planetary nebula ever discovered. It's located 1,200 light-years away in the constellation Vulpecula. The result of an aging star that shed its outer layers to create a colorful glow, the "dumbbell nebula" is composed of knots of gas and dust – some of which resemble fingers pointing at the central star. The formation is also enormous. Some of the isolated clouds of gas and dust are 10.5 billion to 34.7 billion miles wide – larger than the distance from the sun to Pluto. Each cloud contains as much mass as three Earths, according to NASA. When, where will 'dumbbell nebula' be visible in August? The "dumbbell nebula" should be visible throughout August and beyond high in the sky anywhere in the United States. The "dumbbell nebula" appears within a pattern of stars known as the Summer Triangle, which is in prime position in August for observers in the Northern Hemisphere. Fortunately for stargazers, the formation is considered to be "one of the easiest-to-observe nebulas in the sky," Chelsea Gohd of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory said in a video with August skywatching tips. How to see 'dumbbell nebula' Stargazers will need binoculars or a small telescope to observe the "dumbbell nebula," which can be found high overhead in the first half of each night in the Summer Triangle. Observers will be able to spot it a third of the way between bright stars Altair and Deneb. The nebula will appear as a small, faint patch of light about a quarter of the width of a full moon.
National Geographic
24-07-2025
- Science
- National Geographic
Are interstellar objects proof of alien life? This could finally settle the debate.
The Vera Rubin telescope is poised to kick off an explosive era of discovery. "It's like old-fashioned astronomy: Find the thing, point telescopes at it, argue about it. It's going to be fun." Astronomers predict that the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, which begins surveying the night sky this year, could spot dozens more interstellar objects over the next decade. Photograph by Tomás Munita, National Geographic In our solar system, everything belongs to the sun. While they might take years and years to complete one loop, every planet and moon, asteroid and comet, every bit of crushed ice and rock, is gravitationally bound to our star, fixtures of a perpetual cosmic carousel. But every once in a while, something else comes along that, based on careful measurements of orbital mechanics, is unmistakably untethered: an interstellar visitor. The object arrives from the realm between stars, and after a quick sojourn in our solar system, it goes back out to the unknowable depths. Such enigmatic travelers are called interstellar objects, and they bring with them a glimpse of a part of the cosmos that we've never seen before. Each time one shows up it kicks off an observing spree, with astronomers mustering other telescopes, on the ground and in space, to scrutinize the visitor. The object appears as little more than a fuzzy speck of light, but astronomers try to uncover its true nature before it slips away, from fundamental properties (dimensions, chemical composition) to the wild possibilities (signs of alien technology). Only three interstellar objects have ever been discovered, with the latest appearing just this month, from the direction of somewhere in the center of the Milky Way. 3I/ATLAS, as the object is known, is currently traveling just inside the orbit of Mars, captivating telescopes around the world. These are rare events—for now. A new telescope, scheduled to begin full operations later this year, is expected to find many more such transient objects. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory, perched on a mountaintop in the Chilean desert, is designed to scan the sky night after night and capture faint glimmers in the darkness—including sunlight reflecting off a fast-moving celestial body. Its observations produce time-lapse views, allowing astronomers to track those objects and study their orbits for any oddities. Rubin didn't discover 3I/ATLAS but happened to snap dozens of pictures of the object, before and after its interstellar nature became apparent. Those images are already helping astronomers form a clearer picture of the visitor. Rubin's Simonyi Survey Telescope can detect very faint objects like interstellar visitors and track their paths, as they swoop through our solar system before heading back out to the space between stars. Photograph by Tomás Munita, National Geographic With Rubin, the field is in for a potentially explosive era of discovery; according to astronomers' statistics-driven predictions and exhilarated personal bets, the observatory could spot somewhere between five and 100 interstellar objects in the next decade. "It's like old-fashioned astronomy: Find the thing, point telescopes at it, argue about it," Chris Lintott, an astrophysicist at Oxford, says. "It's going to be fun." What we know about interstellar objects An interstellar object, once anchored to a star of its own, can travel for millions and even billions of years before encountering the warmth of another. When the first known interstellar guest appeared in 2017, astronomers were stunned—not only because of the historic moment, but because 'Oumuamua, as it was later named, didn't match up with their working theories of the universe. Scientists had long thought that interstellar objects must exist, thrown out from the cold edges of their home system as new planets swirled into shape, a distinctly turbulent time. 'Oumuamua, though, wasn't like anything astronomers had observed before: weirdly shaped, rocky like an asteroid but plowing forward like a comet, and yet lacking the signature tail of dust. (Ideas about alien origins abounded.) The second recorded interstellar object to visit, Borisov in 2019, was more in line with expectations—an icy comet, though perhaps originating from a smaller, dimmer kind of star. While astronomers have already characterized 3I/ATLAS as a comet, it has its own quirks; the object is far larger than 'Oumuamua and Borisov, and appears to be a few billion years older than our solar system. ʻOumuamua (illustrated above) means 'a messenger from afar arriving first" in Hawaiian, and the first confirmed interstellar object to visit our solar system continues to puzzle astronomers today. Illustration by NASA/ESA/STScI The Hubble Space Telescope snapped this image of our solar system's second-known interstellar visitor, a comet named for its discoverer, amateur astronomer Gennady Borisov. Photograph by NASA, ESA and D. Jewitt (UCLA) An entire catalog of interstellar objects, however, can help reveal how cosmic forces shape planetary systems over time. Right now, "there's a whole zoo of explanations for interstellar objects," says Susanne Pfalzner, an astrophysicist at Forschungszentrum Jülich, a research institution in Germany. The space rocks could have been ejected because of the gravitational jostling of giant planets fresh from the cosmic oven. Most stars form in clusters, and the crowded environment could force objects from several budding planetary systems to fly off. Grown systems could lose celestial bits and pieces too; the icy bodies at the very ends of a planetary system are secured by the faintest hint of gravity, and could easily be whisked away by a passing star. And when a star exhausts its lifetime of fuel and begins to expand, the stellar winds unleashed in the dying act could expel many interstellar objects. These wanderers are relics of countless histories, and Rubin's future inventory could help astronomers determine which are most common, Pfalzner says. A flurry of Borisovs would indicate that the objects likely spring from the cold, dark outskirts of their systems. More 'Oumuamuas would suggest that most interstellar objects originate in their inner star systems, where the heat of their star has stripped away most of the chemical compounds that would typically create a shimmery tail during an encounter with our sun. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's potential to help build a more extensive catalogue of interstellar visitors could help researchers answer big questions about the objects themselves and how planetary systems change over time. Photograph by Tomás Munita, National Geographic Rubin's observations could also help settle the discussion over whether 'Oumuamua was something other than a space rock, says Avi Loeb, a Harvard physicist. Loeb thinks that 'Oumuamua is a broken piece of alien structure; our own solar system, he says, is full of space trash—rocket parts, a red Tesla—which are sometimes mistaken for asteroids by amateur astronomers. He and his collaborators suggest that 3I/ATLAS is a piece of alien tech, too. Should Rubin turn up more objects that look and behave like 'Oumuamua or 3I/ATLAS, they're less likely to be the products of extraterrestrials, Loeb says. "At the very least, we will learn more about rocks that are thrown out of other stars,' he says. ' But we might also find an answer to the most romantic question in science: Are we alone?" It's a spine-tingling thought, and certainly daydream fodder, even for the astronomers doing the work. The late astronomer Vera Rubin, for whom the new telescope is named, wrote in 2006 that when she examined the nearby galaxy M31 through a telescope, "often I wondered if an astronomer in M31 was observing us. Always I wished we could exchange views." (Vera Rubin was the GOAT of dark matter.) Most of the astronomy community doesn't share Loeb and his collaborators' interpretation of 'Oumuamua, or his latest claim about 3I/ATLAS. "It's strange, but it's not so strange that we need to fall back on the aliens hypothesis," says John Forbes, an astrophysicist at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. 'Oumuamua's unusual acceleration, which can't be explained by gravity's influence, could be explained by comet-like properties. 'Oumuamua may have released a tiny amount of gas as it thawed in the warmth of the sun enough to propel it along, but not necessarily to be observed by telescopes, says Darryl Seligman, an astrophysicist at Michigan State University. In the last few years, Seligman and his colleagues have reported the discovery of a dozen asteroids near Earth that vent gases just like comets do, but produce a tail that isn't visible to us. They suggest that these asteroids belong to a new class of celestial bodies, which they call dark comets. "This type of thing could be much more widespread that we haven't noticed before and potentially haven't even been looking for," Seligman says—and visiting objects could exhibit this behavior, too. Exploring our galactic wilderness While some scientists focus on chasing after these objects as they hurtle through our solar system, others are eager to investigate their journeys through the galactic wilderness. While they aren't bound to specific stars, interstellar travelers move around the Milky Way. Forbes, in his research, posits that space rocks, once unmoored from their home system, start traveling in a long, thin current through the galaxy. Stars ejected from stellar clusters can form streams, and Forbes predicts that interstellar objects may do the same. These currents would expand over time, becoming more diffuse, because "the galaxy is messy, and there's all sorts of things going on that perturb your nice, simple orbits," Forbes says. He hopes that Rubin will spot multiple newcomers arriving from the same spot in the sky and traveling at matching velocities. "That's a pretty strong indication that we're sitting in a dense stream of interstellar objects," he says. Our sun could be drifting through millions of such currents. (What other mysteries could the new Vera C. Rubin Observatory solve?) A menagerie of interstellar objects could help astronomers solve a particularly puzzling aspect of planet formation, including Earth's own story. Planets form in much the same way that dust bunnies around the house do, with particles swirling and sticking together until they grow large enough to become worlds. Computer simulations have shown, however, that while it's easy for cosmic forces to make the leap from dust-sized particles to boulder-sized objects, it is actually quite difficult for those boulders to then grow into something larger. While the universe has obviously overcome this challenge—"we are living proof," Pfalzner says—astronomers haven't figured out how. Interstellar objects, she says, are just about the right size for this conundrum, ready to be glommed on and grown. If there's a lot of interstellar objects floating around in the vicinity of a new system—perhaps drawn in by the gravity of the freshly ignited star at its center—the universe has all the raw materials it needs, removing any friction in the process. The interstellar objects whizzing through our skies may someday, help shape someone else's solar system. Rubin's search for interstellar objects, whether it turns up only a few or dozens, provides a kind of knowledge that goes beyond pure empirical research. We can know, better than before, what kind of universe stretches out all around us, as if we've cracked open a giant secret and become privy to wonders we weren't meant to witness. What lies beyond Earth isn't nature in any sense that we might recognize, but it is a kind of wilderness nonetheless, shaped by many of the same forces that led to the familiar landscapes on this planet. Interstellar objects are a reminder that the cosmos is a shared place, and that we are just as much a part of it as those mysterious travelers, carving our own path through time and space.
India Today
11-07-2025
- Science
- India Today
Interstellar object infiltrating Solar System could be oldest comet seen by humans
A newly discovered interstellar comet, 3I/ATLAS, is captivating astronomers worldwide as evidence mounts that there is more to it than meets the analysis points to evidence suggesting it may be the oldest comet ever observed by on July 1, 2025, by the ATLAS survey telescope, this cosmic visitor is believed to be around 7 billion years old—making it approximately 3 billion years older than our own 4.5 billion-year-old solar A RARE INTERSTELLAR VISITOR3I/ATLAS is only the third object ever seen entering our solar system from beyond its boundaries, following the discoveries of 1I/'Oumuamua in 2017 and 2I/Borisov in comets such as Halley's, which formed alongside the solar system, interstellar objects like 3I/ATLAS are thought to have originated in distant and ancient regions of the IN THE MILKY WAY'S THICK DISKA team led by University of Oxford astronomer Matthew Hopkins theorises that 3I/ATLAS comes from the Milky Way's 'thick disk'—a region populated by some of the galaxy's oldest stars. The discovery has invigorated the astronomical community. (Photo: Nasa) Its steep trajectory through the galaxy supports this hypothesis. 'This is an object from a part of the galaxy we've never seen up close before,' said Oxford astrophysicist Chris Lintott, emphasizing the uniqueness of this ICE AND COMETARY ACTIVITYAs 3I/ATLAS approaches the sun, astronomers expect its frozen ices to sublimate, releasing gas and forming a glowing coma and tail—the signature features of a observations already show the comet bursting to life with activity, and it appears larger than its interstellar telescopes, including the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, are now turning their gaze to 3I/ATLAS. Scientists predict that Rubin's upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time could uncover dozens more interstellar objects, with some potentially rivalling 3I/ATLAS in size and discovery has invigorated the astronomical community and promises to deepen our understanding of the galaxy's most ancient building origins of 3I/ATLAS were investigated using the Otautahi–Oxford Model, developed by Hopkins as part of his doctoral discovery provided a real-time opportunity to test this new model on an object of unprecedented age and origin, marking a milestone in the study of interstellar visitors.- EndsMust Watch
Yahoo
10-07-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
Our solar system has a new mysterious visitor—what is it?
On July 1, scientists operating a planetary defense facility saw something glimmering in the shadow of Jupiter, about 420 million miles from Earth. It certainly wasn't a near-Earth asteroid, nor was it a regular comet. Within a matter of hours, it became clear that this voyager wasn't even from our solar system: Its orbit was too steep, its speed was too great. Astronomers quickly concluded that this was an interstellar object—a sojourner from another star. These entities are, for the moment, vanishingly rare. This interstellar object is just the third ever confirmed. Serendipitously, scientists caught as it was making its way into the solar system, which means they will get to study it for several months and uncover its many secrets. 'Astronomers around the world will be pointing their telescopes, large and small, at this object… providing us with clues about its home planetary system,' says Sarah Greenstreet, an astronomer at the University of Washington. Here's everything we know so far about our solar system's latest interstellar visitor—and how scientists plan on resolving its mysteries in the coming weeks and months. Like asteroids and comets, interstellar objects are thought to be remnants from a time when planets were first forming or the ruins of wrecked worlds and moons. But instead of originating around our sun, they hail from another planetary system entirely. As such, finding them is of paramount importance to astronomers. 'The more we can learn about other planetary systems from these interstellar visitors, the better we can understand how similar or different our own solar system is to the vast number of other planetary systems that stretch across the Milky Way,' says Greenstreet. (Did a 2014 meteor come from interstellar space?) Only two have been discovered so far. The first, 'Oumuamua, was spotted in 2017, and it was considerably strange: a pancake or cigar-shaped object that behaved like a comet but didn't display any clear signs of cometary activity. Because it was detected as it was already leaving the solar system, astronomers didn't get much time to study it. Theories about its origin run the gamut from plausible (a piece of a dead planet or a particularly odd comet) to the considerably less plausible (an alien spaceship). Then in 2019, astronomers spied a second object called 2I/Borisov, which looked and acted a lot more like a comet. Astronomers managed to scope it out as it was making its way into the solar system, and they got to examine it more closely. A sample size of two makes it difficult to know what interstellar objects are like in general. Astronomers hope that number will increase with the new Vera C. Rubin Observatory's comprehensive 10-year survey of the night sky launching later this year. But for now, this third interstellar object is a nice surprise. The new visitor was detected by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) facility, a network of four autonomous NASA-funded telescopes designed to spot potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroids. ATLAS's station in Chile spotted the interloper during a routine survey. Initially, 'we did not suspect anything unusual about its orbit,' says Larry Denneau, one of the principal investigators of ATLAS at the University of Hawai'i. But that quickly changed when astronomers at other telescopes glimpsed the object, and scientists plotted out its orbit with more precision. (Asteroids with 'unstable orbits' hide around Venus—do they threaten Earth?) Asteroids and comets can have all sorts of orbits, but they all still circumnavigate the Sun. This object, though, was moving too rapidly and in a very elongated manner, which indicated it 'is not bound to the Sun's gravity and will never pass through our solar system again,' says Greenstreet. With everyone in agreement, the object was confirmed and officially given a name: 3I/ATLAS. So, what's it like? A new paper uploaded to the pre-print server arXiv summarizes what scientists know about the interstellar object so far. It clearly has a coma—a hazy bubble of gas created when ice turns into vapor as it's warmed by sunlight. 'Compared to the first two interstellar objects we've discovered, 3I/ATLAS is cometary like 2I/Borisov,' says Greenstreet, meaning, for now, 'Oumuamua remains the weirdo of the group. There are also hints that the object is somewhat red—a tell-tale sign that it's made of primeval matter that coalesced during the early days of its planetary system. So it's probably an extremely old geologic time capsule. 'At the moment, it's difficult to say how big it is,' says Greenstreet. Based on how much sunlight it's reflecting, it could be anywhere from 6 to 15 miles long. That's far bigger than 'Oumuamua (about one-quarter mile long) and 2I/Borisov (two-thirds of a mile long). But its coma and current distance obscure the true size of its likely smaller solid core. Not too much else is known about 3I/ATLAS just yet, but its trajectory through the solar system works in astronomers' favor. 'It'll be moving inwards for a few more months before it starts heading back out again,' says Aster Taylor, a graduate student of astrophysics at the University of Michigan. 'it's moving fast… [but] we'll have time to observe it.' Observatories all around the world, and even those in space, will spend time tracking it. As it dives toward the sun, 3I/ATLAS will also come within 18 million miles of Mars in early October. Several spacecraft are currently orbiting the Red Planet, and they may be able to use their cameras to study 3I/ATLAS's chemistry and other features as it rushes by. Astronomers expect to see plenty more cometary activity. Comets are often made of various types of ice, including frozen carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. In the next few weeks, 3I/ATLAS will get close enough to the sun for its water ice to start vaporizing—expanding its coma and lengthening its luminescent tail. 'Be on the lookout for images in the coming months that show off its beautiful cometary features as it makes its relatively short journey through our corner of the galaxy,' says Greenstreet.
Business of Fashion
07-07-2025
- Entertainment
- Business of Fashion
Schiaparelli: A Swan Song That Fused Then and Now
PARIS — Daniel Roseberry insists that he has swerved the Schiaparelli archives, until now. 'I just wasn't interested,' he confessed on Monday morning, after his latest couture show for the house. So what changed? One thing: He felt he'd needed time to build up some legitimacy before he took a deep dive into Elsa's formidable legacy. And another: Roseberry wants to make a major change in Schiaparelli. 'To rediscover and restructure the atelier, the whole way in which we create. If you want to change the result, you have to change the creative process,' he said. So he saw Monday's collection as a swan song, a farewell to the Schiap he has remade to such great effect. In other words, he was finally accessing the archives in order to say goodbye to them. Schiaparelli Autumn/Winter 2025 (Schiaparelli) If such a notion sounded poignant, the collection itself was anything but. 'Last season was more emotional,' Roseberry said. 'This one, I wanted to be harder, more direct, more confrontational.' The colour palette he found in the archives didn't look modern to him. One easy fix: the timelessness of monochrome. Fade to black and white, which encouraged the silhouettes to be equally graphic. 'Less body modification and radical corseting, less exaggeration,' Roseberry added. The occasional grand floor-sweeping volume still spoke to classic couture, but there was also bias-cutting, rather than corseting, to create shape, and a new moulded shoulder and hip, a pared back, more rational Schiap. As Roseberry pointed out, Elsa herself was 'rigorous and controlled during the day and then at night, she's a swan, a radish, a surrealist…' Schiaparelli Autumn/Winter 2025 (Schiaparelli) Swan? Radish? Why stop at 'modern'? Roseberry decided to head onwards and upwards and make the archives feel futuristic. There was a sci-fi silveriness to the strongest looks. A matador outfit — silver patent Perfecto and matching torero pants — fused Schiap and Ziggy Stardust. A sumptuous black tulle cape embroidered with Versailles's Fountain of Apollo (originally designed by Elsa for Lady Mendl in 1938) duplicated the water in a cosmic starburst of silver pearls, sequins and rhinestones, like something the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will capture in deep space. Maggie Maurer's sheath of lamé chiffon featured tulle cut-outs that seemed to have drawn a cornucopia of silvery slugs (haute body horror). Elsa's old collaborator Salvador Dalí would have appreciated that, as he would have enjoyed the necklace which ended in a human-heart-shaped ball of red rhinestones that pulsated as the model walked. Schiaparelli Autumn/Winter 2025 (Schiaparelli) Schiap's surrealist roots probably run too deep for Roseberry to dispense with them in his 'restructuring,' especially when they loaned an invaluable edge to Monday's swansong. Kudos to Stephen Jones' upended flower pot hats, Pat McGrath's monochrome makeup and an armful of gorgeous bracelets that were a futuristic interpretation of Nancy Cunard's accessories in her iconic 1927 portrait by Man Ray. In his lyrical show notes, Roseberry told the story of Elsa's flight to New York as the Nazis closed in on Paris in June 1940. He dedicated his collection to that period, 'when life and art was on the precipice: to the sunset of elegance, and to the end of the world as we knew it.' Dada and surrealism were artistic responses to a world gone mad. In naming his presentation 'Back to the Future,' Roseberry was, in his own way, acknowledging certain inescapable geopolitical parallels. (He felt the fact that there is a major Man Ray retrospective opening at the Met in September offered subtle confirmation.) On a personal level, he saw looking back to move forward as a way to counter what he himself clearly feels has become overly predictable. 'I was really interested in trying to achieve something that looked identifiably Schiap without needing corsets and even sometimes an overdose of embroidery.' Hear, hear. And mission accomplished. I guess we can wave goodbye to the past and say hello to a brave new Daniel Roseberry. Schiaparelli Haute Couture Autumn/Winter 2025 look 1. (Schiaparelli) Schiaparelli Haute Couture Autumn/Winter 2025 look 2. (Schiaparelli) Schiaparelli Haute Couture Autumn/Winter 2025 look 3. (Schiaparelli) Schiaparelli Haute Couture Autumn/Winter 2025 look 4. (Schiaparelli) Schiaparelli Haute Couture Autumn/Winter 2025 look 5. (Schiaparelli) Schiaparelli Haute Couture Autumn/Winter 2025 look 6. (Schiaparelli) Schiaparelli Haute Couture Autumn/Winter 2025 look 7. (Schiaparelli) Schiaparelli Haute Couture Autumn/Winter 2025 look 8. (Schiaparelli) Schiaparelli Haute Couture Autumn/Winter 2025 look 9. (Schiaparelli) Schiaparelli Haute Couture Autumn/Winter 2025 look 10. 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