Climate change made Nordic heatwave at least 10 times more likely
Extreme heat gripped the cold Nordic countries from mid-July, with temperatures above 30°C. Finland experienced 22 consecutive days where temperatures were above 30°C, its longest heatwave on record. In the Norwegian part of the Arctic Circle, a weather station recorded temperatures above 30°C on 13 days during the month of July.
The study from World Weather Attribution highlights how heatwaves intensified by climate change are disrupting healthcare and warns that similar events will become five times more frequent by 2100 unless there is a rapid shift away from fossil fuels.
'Even comparably cold Scandinavian countries are facing dangerous heatwaves today with 1.3°C of warming,' says study author Friederike Otto, Professor in Climate Science at the Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London.
'This event should be taken as another reminder that no country is safe from climate change.'
Ten times more likely and 2°C hotter
The study from World Weather Attribution reveals that climate change made the mid-July heatwave in Norway, Sweden and Finland at least 10 times more likely than it would have been in a world without 1.3°C of global warming.
Researchers also found that human-caused climate change made the event in Norway, Sweden and Finland around 2°C hotter.
In a 1.3°C cooler world, they say, a similar two-week period of persistent high temperatures would be extremely rare.
But today, with current global warming, they are now expected about every 50 years. At 2.6°C of warming, which is expected this century, similar events will be five times as likely and a further 1.4°C hotter than today.
The study found that the likelihood of a prolonged period of heat like this has almost doubled since 2018, when the region last experienced such an intense heatwave.
Dr Clair Barnes, study author and researcher at the Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, says the 'relentless' Nordic heatwave is 'highly concerning'.
'Climate change is fundamentally reshaping the world we live in. Cold-climate countries like Norway, Sweden and Finland are now experiencing unfamiliar levels of heat, as recently seen in strained health systems and sightings of reindeer seeking shade in urban areas,' she adds.
The stark threat of climate change in cold countries
The period of persistent heat across the three countries brought overcrowded and overheated hospitals, wildfires, toxic algal blooms and a surge in drownings.
While many enjoyed the summer warmth, the prolonged high temperatures meant demanding working conditions, sleepless nights and health risks. Researchers warn that this 'silent killer' may have caused hundreds of heat-related deaths.
When Sweden was hit by the 2018 heatwave, about 750 excess deaths were estimated over a five-week period from early July.
'This heatwave was a stark reminder of the threat of climate change in cold-climate countries that aren't normally considered vulnerable,' says study author Maja Vahlberg, technical advisor at the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and climate consultant at the Swedish Red Cross.
'Our infrastructure was not built to withstand these extreme temperatures and our ageing population is increasingly susceptible to dangerous heat.
'We've seen some progress in adaptation and preparedness, particularly since 2018, when we experienced our last big heatwave. But we still need to do more to ensure our cold-adapted infrastructure and systems are also ready for high temperatures.'
It also pushed reindeer, which usually roam the forests, into towns as they sought shade from the high temperatures. Herders warned that their animals were on the verge of dying in the heat. Alongside threatening ecosystems, climate change is threatening the livelihoods of Indigenous Sámi communities, who have herded reindeer in the region for more than 1,000 years.
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Euronews
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Climate change made Nordic heatwave at least 10 times more likely
Human-caused climate change made a two-week-long heatwave in Norway, Sweden and Finland around 2°C hotter and at least 10 times more likely, a rapid analysis by World Weather Attribution has found. Extreme heat gripped the cold Nordic countries from mid-July, with temperatures above 30°C. Finland experienced 22 consecutive days where temperatures were above 30°C, its longest heatwave on record. In the Norwegian part of the Arctic Circle, a weather station recorded temperatures above 30°C on 13 days during the month of July. The study from World Weather Attribution highlights how heatwaves intensified by climate change are disrupting healthcare and warns that similar events will become five times more frequent by 2100 unless there is a rapid shift away from fossil fuels. 'Even comparably cold Scandinavian countries are facing dangerous heatwaves today with 1.3°C of warming,' says study author Friederike Otto, Professor in Climate Science at the Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London. 'This event should be taken as another reminder that no country is safe from climate change.' Ten times more likely and 2°C hotter The study from World Weather Attribution reveals that climate change made the mid-July heatwave in Norway, Sweden and Finland at least 10 times more likely than it would have been in a world without 1.3°C of global warming. Researchers also found that human-caused climate change made the event in Norway, Sweden and Finland around 2°C hotter. In a 1.3°C cooler world, they say, a similar two-week period of persistent high temperatures would be extremely rare. But today, with current global warming, they are now expected about every 50 years. At 2.6°C of warming, which is expected this century, similar events will be five times as likely and a further 1.4°C hotter than today. The study found that the likelihood of a prolonged period of heat like this has almost doubled since 2018, when the region last experienced such an intense heatwave. Dr Clair Barnes, study author and researcher at the Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, says the 'relentless' Nordic heatwave is 'highly concerning'. 'Climate change is fundamentally reshaping the world we live in. Cold-climate countries like Norway, Sweden and Finland are now experiencing unfamiliar levels of heat, as recently seen in strained health systems and sightings of reindeer seeking shade in urban areas,' she adds. The stark threat of climate change in cold countries The period of persistent heat across the three countries brought overcrowded and overheated hospitals, wildfires, toxic algal blooms and a surge in drownings. While many enjoyed the summer warmth, the prolonged high temperatures meant demanding working conditions, sleepless nights and health risks. Researchers warn that this 'silent killer' may have caused hundreds of heat-related deaths. When Sweden was hit by the 2018 heatwave, about 750 excess deaths were estimated over a five-week period from early July. 'This heatwave was a stark reminder of the threat of climate change in cold-climate countries that aren't normally considered vulnerable,' says study author Maja Vahlberg, technical advisor at the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, and climate consultant at the Swedish Red Cross. 'Our infrastructure was not built to withstand these extreme temperatures and our ageing population is increasingly susceptible to dangerous heat. 'We've seen some progress in adaptation and preparedness, particularly since 2018, when we experienced our last big heatwave. But we still need to do more to ensure our cold-adapted infrastructure and systems are also ready for high temperatures.' It also pushed reindeer, which usually roam the forests, into towns as they sought shade from the high temperatures. Herders warned that their animals were on the verge of dying in the heat. Alongside threatening ecosystems, climate change is threatening the livelihoods of Indigenous Sámi communities, who have herded reindeer in the region for more than 1,000 years.
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'Silent killer': the science of tracing climate deaths in heatwaves
The figure was supposed to "grab some attention" and sound a timely warning in the hope of avoiding more needless deaths, said Friederike Otto, one of the scientists involved in the research. "We are still relatively early in the summer, so this will not have been the last heatwave. There is a lot that people and communities can do to save lives," Otto, a climate scientist at Imperial College London, told AFP. Heat can claim tens of thousands of lives during European summers but it usually takes months, even years, to count the cost of this "silent killer". Otto and colleagues published their partial estimate just a week after temperatures peaked in western Europe. While the underlying methods were not new, the scientists said it was the first study to link heatwave deaths to climate change so soon after the event in question. Early mortality estimates could be misunderstood as official statistics but "from a public health perspective the benefits of providing timely evidence outweigh these risks," Raquel Nunes from the University of Warwick told AFP. "This approach could have transformative potential for both public understanding and policy prioritisation" of heatwaves, said Nunes, an expert on global warming and health who was not involved in the study. - Big deal - Science can show, with increasing speed and confidence, that human-caused climate change is making heatwaves hotter and more frequent. Unlike floods and fires, heat kills quietly, with prolonged exposure causing heat stroke, organ failure, and death. The sick and elderly are particularly vulnerable, but so are younger people exercising or toiling outdoors. But every summer, heat kills and Otto -- a pioneer in the field of attribution science -- started wondering if the message was getting through. "We have done attribution studies of extreme weather events and attribution studies of heatwaves for a decade... but as a society we are not prepared for these heatwaves," she said. "People think it's 30 (degrees Celsius) instead of 27, what's the big deal? And we know it's a big deal." When the mercury started climbing in Europe earlier this summer, scientists tweaked their approach. Joining forces, Imperial College London and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine chose to spotlight the lethality -- not just the intensity -- of the heat between June 23 and July 2. Combining historic weather and published mortality data, they assessed that climate change made the heatwave between 1C and 4C hotter across 12 cities, depending on location, and that 2,300 people had likely perished. But in a notable first, they estimated that 65 percent of these deaths -- around 1,500 people across cities including London, Paris, and Athens -- would not have occurred in a world without global warming. "That's a much stronger message," said Otto. "It brings it much closer to home what climate change actually means and makes it much more real and human than when you say this heatwave would have been two degrees colder." Underestimated threat The study was just a snapshot of the wider heatwave that hit during western Europe's hottest June on record and sent temperatures soaring to 46C in Spain and Portugal. The true toll was likely much higher, the authors said, noting that heat deaths are widely undercounted. Since then Turkey, Greece and Bulgaria have suffered fresh heatwaves and deadly wildfires. Though breaking new ground, the study has not been subject to peer review, a rigorous assessment process that can take more than a year. Otto said waiting until after summer to publish -- when "no one's talking about heatwaves, no one is thinking about keeping people safe" -- would defeat the purpose. "I think it's especially important, in this context, to get the message out there very quickly." The study had limitations but relied on robust and well-established scientific methodology, several independent experts told AFP. Tailoring this approach to local conditions could help cities better prepare when heatwaves loom, Abhiyant Tiwari, a health and climate expert who worked on India's first-ever heat action plan, told AFP. "I definitely see more such studies coming out in the future," said Tiwari from NRDC India. Otto said India, which experiences tremendously hot summers, was a "prime candidate" and with a template in place it was likely more studies would soon follow.
