In Modi's ‘Kali-Durga' stage-cry, a new BJP vocabulary for Bengal?

India Today

6 days ago

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on July 18, walked onto the stage in West Bengal's Durgapur with the ease of a seasoned performer. Yet, what followed stunned many: no chants of Jai Shri Ram from the crowd or BJP leaders. Instead, from the stage thundered two phrases steeped in Bengal's own religious vocabulary: 'Jai Ma Kali' and 'Jai Ma Durga'.This was no oversight. It was a calculated message, part of the BJP's ongoing attempt to rebrand itself according to Bengal's political and sociocultural ethos. For a party that has invested heavily in Ram-centric Hindutva across the Hindi belt, this pivot was telling.advertisementThe Durgapur rally was a cocktail of cultural cues. The dcor mimicked a Durga Puja pandal rather than a political dais, with motifs more in tune with Bengal's autumnal festivities than, say, northern India's Ram Navami celebrations. The BJP MLA from Durgapur Purba, Lakshman Chandra Ghorui, had even sent out printed invites that conspicuously mentioned only Kali and Durga, leaving out Ram altogether.This wasn't a one-off deviation. Over the past year, the BJP has been soft-launching a more 'Bengali' version of itself. The shift is a response to the party's consistent failure—despite aggressive campaigns—to crack the Bengali vote in numbers big enough to unseat the Trinamool Congress (TMC).
To understand the change, one must first understand the terrain. The culturally Hindu Bengali is politically resistant to Hindi belt-style majoritarianism. The state's long legacy of left-wing politics, bhadralok secularism and intellectual cosmopolitanism makes Ayodhya-style saffron appeals fall flat among wide sections of voters.The BJP's early strategy had been simple: replicate its Uttar Pradesh model. It ratcheted up Ram Navami processions, highlighted alleged Muslim appeasement by the Mamata Banerjee government and portrayed itself as the defender of Sanatan Dharma. But this approach ran into a wall—Bengalis do not see Lord Ram as their primary deity.By 2021, the Ram card had clearly begun to fail. The BJP's muscular Hindutva, including Jai Shri Ram sloganeering in rallies—Mamata herself being subjected to some—and episodes of confrontation with Muslims—galvanised its base but simultaneously consolidated the minorities behind the TMC. The BJP won 77 of the total 294 seats in assembly polls that year, an impressive surge from the previous election, but still way short of its own hype.The Durgapur moment, then, was not impulsive—it was surgical. The decision to foreground Goddess Durga and Goddess Kali at this stage of the BJP's campaign cycle is about localising Hindutva. In doing so, Modi may have sought to break Mamata's narrative of the BJP as a 'Hindi heartland' party imposing Hindi-Hindu-Hindustan on Bengal.Kali, in particular, is politically potent. She is not just a religious figure in Bengal but also a cultural archetype—fierce, maternal, revolutionary. From Rani Rashmoni to Ramakrishna Paramahansa to even Rabindranath Tagore's writings, Kali holds a mystic grip on Bengal's imagination. Durga represents order, civilisation and the annual moment of communal festivity.advertisementBengal watchers feel the Modi camp appears to be repositioning Durga as the moral centre of Bengali Hindutva, rather than Ram as the ultimate warrior. In doing so, it hopes to de-communalise the pitch just enough to woo softer Hindu voters who are uncomfortable with North-style Ram Janmabhoomi triumphalism.The BJP high command clearly believes it is worth the risk. The 2024 Lok Sabha polls gave the BJP 12 out of 42 seats in Bengal, a sharp drop from 18 in 2019. The decline spooked the leadership, especially given the aggressive Muslim mobilisation and Mamata's success in projecting the BJP as a party of 'bohiragato' (outsiders).As the 2026 assembly elections loom large, Modi's shift suggests a full-throated bid to reclaim cultural space on Bengal's terms. That includes talking about Lord Jagannath in Digha, chanting mantras in Bangla and, yes, invoking Ma Durga instead of Lord Ram.If the BJP's 2021 campaign was high on noise and provocation, the new messaging is more coded and less confrontational. That's not to say the communal dog-whistles are gone—but these are layered beneath a more 'cultured' Hindutva, cloaked in Tagorean gravitas and Bengali ritualism.advertisementAt the Durgapur rally, Modi praised Bengal's contribution to India's spiritual and nationalist traditions. He invoked Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's Vande Mataram, highlighted Swami Vivekananda and talked about how Kali and Durga represented the soul of Bharat. Unspoken, but politically loud, was Ram not finding a mention. It was almost as if the BJP had decided to bench its biggest star—for now.This duality—between North Indian assertive Hindutva and Bengali cultural Hindutva—is now being played out in real time. On the ground, BJP workers still organise Ram Navami rallies, often clashing with police or rival groups. In the tribal and border districts, party leaders continue to pitch the Muslim migrant threat narrative. But at the top tier, a new messaging is evolving. The saffron flag remains but the winds that make it flutter now carry a distinctly Bengali breeze.Hitting out at Modi, Abhishek Banerjee, the TMC's national general secretary, mocked that he will make the BJP say 'Joi Bangla' after the assembly polls next year. 'First they insult Bengal and Bengalis. Now they come to Bengal, exclude Ram and chant Kali and Durga. I promise that after 2026, I will make them say 'Joi Bangla',' Abhishek said at his party's flagship Martyrs' Day event in Kolkata on July 21. 'Joi Bangla' has been the TMC's slogan since the 2021 polls.advertisementIt is clear that the BJP's challenge is greater than it may imagine. In Bengal, religion is not a binary. Durga Puja organisers often include Muslim craftsmen. Muharram and Durga idol immersion processions, if falling on the same day, can happen simultaneously and without violence.The BJP's narrative that the TMC is anti-Hindu hasn't fully taken root. So now, instead of fighting Mamata on Ram, the BJP wants to 'out-Durga' her. A risky but creative pivot.Subscribe to India Today Magazine- EndsTune InMust Watch