What happens to the body if you take a berberine supplement every day?
'Berberine, a natural compound found in plants like goldenseal and barberry, activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme regulating energy metabolism. This leads to improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced glucose uptake, and reduced blood sugar levels,' said Dr Manish Joshi, Additional Director- Surgical Gastroenterology, Fortis Hospital, Bengaluru.
Berberine also exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, supporting cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol and triglycerides. He added that berberine may improve gut health, and enhance cognitive function.
Umang Malhotra, clinical dietitian at Fitero, shared that berberine, widely used in traditional medicine, is a natural bioactive compound extracted from goldenseal, barberry, tree turmeric, oregon grape, and chinese goldthread.
Berberine's ability to activate AMPK also supports fat loss by regulating the way the body processes energy. He shared that it inhibits fat storage, promotes fat breakdown, and can enhance metabolic rate, which helps in weight management.
'It significantly reduces inflammation by lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Berberine inhibits the production of inflammatory molecules such as cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) and decreases CRP levels, which are markers commonly elevated in chronic inflammatory conditions,' explained Malhotra.
Dr Joshi shared that generally berberine supplements are considered safe when taken daily in recommended doses (500-1,500 mg). 'Human studies have shown minimal side effects, such as mild gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. However, high doses (>2,000 mg) may increase risk of adverse effects.'
He advised pregnant or breastfeeding women, those with kidney or liver disease, and those taking medications such as blood thinners and diabetes medicines to consult their healthcare provider before using berberine. This is important in order to monitor blood sugar, kidney function, and liver enzymes. Quality supplements from reputable manufacturers can ensure purity and potency.
Malhotra added that berberine can cause some mild side effects, particularly if taken in high doses or for extended periods:
• Gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, cramping, flatulence, or constipation.
• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) if combined with other blood sugar-lowering medications.
• Potential interactions with medications, especially those metabolized by the liver, as berberine can inhibit certain liver enzymes.
Dr Joshi also mentioned that long-term use may interact with medications, such as blood thinners, and decrease their effectiveness. Berberine may also lower blood pressure, potentially exacerbating hypotension. And in some rare cases, berberine toxicity has been reported, characterized by nausea, vomiting, and respiratory problems, he added.
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