Rewriting the past: Indonesia's new history books spook scholars
The 10-volume account was ordered by the administration of President Prabowo Subianto, an ex-general accused of abducting activists in the unrest that preceded dictator Suharto's fall, claims he denies.
Scholars fear his government could use the exercise to rewrite history and cover up past abuses.
Draft volume summaries and a chapter outline seen by AFP do not include any specific section on the 1998 violence.
A summary of Suharto's rule in the volume dedicated to him only mentions how "student demonstrations... became a factor" in his resignation.
"The writing was flawed since the beginning," said Andi Achdian, historian at Jakarta's National University, who has seen the outline.
"It has a very strong tendency to whitewash history."
Suharto ruled Indonesia with an iron fist for more than three decades after grabbing power in the wake of a 1965-6 massacre.
The culture minister overseeing the government's history project, Fadli Zon, told lawmakers last week the account "does not discuss May '98... because it's small".
Neither does it promise to include most of the "gross human rights violations" acknowledged by former president Joko Widodo in 2023.
Jajat Burhanudin, a project editor, contradicted Fadli and dismissed concerns, telling AFP the new volumes would include 1998 events, with the draft outline just a "trigger for discussion".
Officials say the new historical account is needed to strengthen Indonesian identity, but warned that any omission about its darkest past will raise eyebrows over objectivity.
"What is feared is that... the cases that have been accepted by the previous government to be resolved will be ignored," said Marzuki Darusman, a former attorney general and head of a civil society coalition opposed to the volumes.
'Updated' history
While it remains unclear how the government plans to use the books, Jajat said the volumes could be used as "one of the main sources" for history books taught in schools.
Neither historian Susanto Zuhdi, who is helming the project, nor the presidential palace responded to requests for comment.
The revisionist history garnered renewed scrutiny after the culture minister questioned whether mass rape had occurred at the end of Suharto's rule.
Ethnic Chinese Indonesians bore the brunt of the bloodshed during the riots, when rape squads -- purportedly led by army thugs -- roamed Jakarta's streets.
"Was there really mass rape? There was never any proof," Fadli told local media in an interview last month.
"If there is, show it."
A 1998 fact-finding report, commissioned by Indonesia's first president after Suharto, found at least 52 reported cases of rape in the unrest.
"This project risks erasing uncomfortable truths," said Usman Hamid, executive director of Amnesty International Indonesia.
Fadli told AFP the nation-building project would go ahead despite criticism.
"The consensus (is) we continue," he said.
"This is an updated version of our history," he added, saying there would be a public debate "this month", without elaborating.
'Historical propaganda'
The project involves 113 academics including historians, but at least one of them has resigned.
Archaeologist Harry Truman Simanjuntak told AFP he quit in a dispute over language -- the term "early history" was used instead of "prehistory" for Indonesia's ancient civilisation.
Fadli told lawmakers the phrase was avoided because it was created by Indonesia's former Dutch rulers.
But Harry said it showed the political influence over the text.
"It was very obvious that editors' authority did not exist. They were under the control of the government," he said.
The furore around the project has caused some opposition lawmakers and critics to call for its suspension or cancellation.
Activist Maria Catarina Sumarsih, whose son was killed in a military crackdown after Suharto's fall, accused the writers of warping the past.
"The government is deceiving the public... especially young people," she said.
Others said documenting Indonesia's past was best left to academics.
"If the government feel this nation needs a history that could make us proud... it can't be through the government's version of historical propaganda," said Marzuki.
"It should be the result of the work of historians."
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Indian Express
41 minutes ago
- Indian Express
Gaurav Gogoi at Idea Exchange: ‘Victims want to hear an honest admission of government's responsibility… Nehru is not to blame for Pahalgam'
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They are only preaching to their own hardcore base and blaming the decisions of past prime ministers for their failures in the present. Manoj CG: The LOP Rahul Gandhi asking the PM to show courage and call President Donald Trump a liar, comes at a time when India is negotiating a tough trade deal with the US. It's a complex process. Don't you think the Opposition should also factor that in and give the government that diplomatic space? What has the government achieved by adopting its present negotiating stance? They have not achieved condemnation from the international community on Pakistan. If you look at the 26/11 reactions from the world condemned and linked terrorism with Pakistan. But this time, you got a condemnation of terror from the world but nobody linked terror and Pakistan. Everybody asked India and Pakistan to exercise restraint. In a way, we got hyphenated again. 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Now, the EC makes it so hard to even verify voter lists. In my case, as a new state president, we have eight months left. Our past election record has not been optimal, but do I sense that people are ready for a change? Absolutely yes, and it's up to us on how hard and smart we work. On Indo-US diplomacy | The kind of language that President Trump is using is increasingly hostile and combative. So, what has this diplomacy achieved? We are telling the government to grow a spine Rahul Sabharwal: In Assam, your chief minister has linked demolitions to demography. There hasn't been a pushback from the Congress, at least not in assembly debates. There is this sentiment that there is this massive demographic change that needs to be curbed. How do you counter that? And my second question is that while we have seen Mamata Banerjee being very vocal about migrants being targeted, Congress hasn't responded to that. So, two things. What the chief minister and the BJP are doing currently in Assam is politics. Thankfully, the people of Assam and India are wiser than Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma. They made many promises to secure the rights of indigenous Assamese, not one has been fulfilled. The NRC (National Register of Citizens) was supposed to be the answer to their politics. That is incomplete. Clause 6 of the Assam Accord was supposed to be the answer to their fear mongering. They created a report which the Centre has not accepted even though Home Minister Amit Shah thumped his hand on the table saying 'Humne woh kiya jo Rajiv Gandhi nahi kar paaye'. Delimitation was the answer. But they keep talking about the same old things. If they really cared about forests, then they would have protected the forests from the various mafias that operate there. The stone mafia, the coal mafia, illegal quarries. 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Time of India
an hour ago
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Hindustan Times
4 hours ago
- Hindustan Times
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