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"Op Sindoor Demonstrated India's Advanced Defence Capabilities": HAL Chief

"Op Sindoor Demonstrated India's Advanced Defence Capabilities": HAL Chief

NDTV2 days ago
Bengaluru:
Operation Sindoor demonstrated India's advanced defence capabilities, indigenous strength and synergy of Indian defence forces by bringing together legacy and modern system operations, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) chairman DK Sunil said on Saturday.
Addressing the Memorial Lecture of former Air Chief Marshal Lakshman Madhav Katre at HAL's Management Academy auditorium in Bengaluru, the HAL chief also congratulated the defence forces for the "stupendous success" of the Operation.
"This capability (of defence forces) was on full display during Operation Sindoor, which demonstrated India's advanced defence capabilities, indigenous strength and synergy of Indian defence forces that brought together legacy and modern system operations. On behalf of HAL, I would like to congratulate the Indian defence forces for the stupendous success of Operation Sindoor," he said.
Heading the Indian Air Force from 1984-1985, Air Chief Marshal L M Katre commanded various missions in the 1971 Indo-Pak war, and always pushed for self-reliance in defence technology. While serving as the Chairman of HAL in 1983, he was instrumental in conceptualising plans for the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas and Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv.
"Air Chief Marshal Lakshman Madhav Katre left an indelible imprint on the Indian Air Force and on Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. His commitment to operational excellence, strategic foresight, and unwavering belief in self-reliance paved the way for what we proudly call today 'Atmanirbharta' in defence," the HAL chief said.
"Air Marshal Katre's life and career were marked by exemplary service and steadfast dedication. From active participation in World War 2, to commanding roles in the 1971 Indo-Pak war, his meticulous planning ensured sustained operations from forward fields under enemy fire," he added.
Talking about the former IAF chief's tenure as HAL chief, DK Sunil mentioned how the projects of LCA Tejas and ALH Dhruv, which were "dreams cast into reality," helped India get away from dependency.
"As Chairman of HAL, he displayed remarkable foresight. At a time when India's defence industry was still nascent, he championed indigenous designs and development, laid the foundation of a program that defines India's aerospace capability today. During his tenure, two projects were conceptualised that transformed India's aviation landscape, the Light Combat Aircraft, Tejas and the Advanced Light Helicopter, Dhruv. These were not just projects, they were dreams cast into reality, they symbolised India's ambition to break free from dependency," he said.
Putting forward the operational achievements of both the aircraft and the Helicopter, the HAL chief added, "Today, the LCA Tejas proudly serves in our sky as our frontline fighter, and the ALH Dhruv serves in utility and combat roles for our armed forces. These platforms stand as testimony to Air Chief Marshal Katre's vision and faith in Indian capability."
Indian Armed Forces carried out Operation Sindoor on May 7 to avenge the terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir's Pahalgam on April 22, which killed 26 people.
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BrahMos missiles: What you must-know for UPSC Exam
BrahMos missiles: What you must-know for UPSC Exam

Indian Express

time34 minutes ago

  • Indian Express

BrahMos missiles: What you must-know for UPSC Exam

Take a look at the essential events, concepts, terms, quotes, or phenomena every day and brush up your knowledge. Here's your UPSC Current Affairs knowledge nugget for today on BrahMos missiles. (Relevance: Various missiles, air defence systems, fighter jets, and aircraft types are some of the important topics of defence technology that have been asked by UPSC in prelims. In 2018, a question was asked on Terminal High Altitude Area Defence) Stating that BrahMos missile launched from Sukhoi-30 MKI was the primary offensive weapon used during Operation Sindoor, chairman of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) Samir V Kamat said on Saturday (9th August) that the development of a smaller version of the supersonic cruise missile, BrahMos-NG, will soon begin. Furthermore, India's BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles were delivered to the Philippines on April 19, as part of a $375 million deal signed by the two countries in 2022. In this context, it becomes essential to know about the BrahMos missiles. 1. BrahMos is an extremely versatile stand-off range 'fire-and-forget' type supersonic cruise missile that has proved its capabilities in land-based, ship-based, air launched and submarine-based versions. 2. These supersonic cruise missiles are operationalised in all three defence services. It is built by BrahMos Aerospace, a joint venture between India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russia's NPO Mashinostroyeniya. 3. BrahMos is a two-stage missile with a solid propellant booster engine. Its first stage brings the missile to a supersonic speed, greater than the speed of sound, and it then gets separated. The second stage of the liquid ramjet then fires and thrusts the missile to three times the speed of sound in its cruise phase. A liquid ramjet is an air-breathing jet engine that uses liquid fuel, which is injected into the high-speed airstream and ignited to produce thrust. 4. The missile has an extremely low radar signature, making it stealthy, and it can follow a variety of paths. As per its website, cruising altitude could be up to 15 km and terminal altitude as low as 10 metres. The missile carries a conventional warhead weighing 200-300 kg. 5. Cruise missiles, like the BrahMos, come under the category known as the 'stand-off range weapons', which are fired from a range sufficient to allow the attacker to evade defensive fire from the adversary. These weapons are in the arsenal of most major militaries in the world. 6. The versions of the BrahMos that are currently being tested at an extended range can hit targets at upto 350 kilometres, as compared to its original range of 290 kilometres. Even higher ranges of upto 800 kilometres, and hypersonic speed or five times the speed of sound, are said to be on the cards. 7. Compared to subsonic cruise missiles, the BrahMos has three times the speed, 2.5 times the flight range and a higher seeker range, leading to higher accuracy and nine times more kinetic energy. Following the first successful launch at the Chandipur test range, the BrahMos was inducted into the Navy in 2005, into the Indian Army in 2007 and the first successful flight with IAF's Sukhoi-30 MKI fighter in 2017. While land, air, sea and submarine are broader classifications of the missile, numerous versions with extended ranges and evolving sensing capabilities have been tested and deployed over the last 24 years. 1. Ship-based variant: The naval version can be fired vertically or inclined, and from both moving and static naval platforms. From ships, the BrahMos can be launched as a single unit or in a salvo of upto eight, separated by two-and-a-half-second-long intervals. These salvos can hit and destroy a group of frigates having modern missile defence systems. BrahMos is a 'prime strike weapon' for such targets and significantly increases the capability of engaging naval surface targets at long ranges. The Indian Navy began inducting BrahMos on its frontline warships from 2005, and it can hit sea-based targets beyond the radar horizon. Indian Navy's guided missile destroyer INS Rajput was the first ship to deploy a BrahMos and it has since been deployed on other warships. 2. The land-based system: The land-based BrahMos Complex has four to six mobile autonomous launchers. Each launcher has three missiles on board that can be fired almost simultaneously on three different targets and in different configurations. Multiple units of BrahMos systems have been deployed along India's land borders. The land attack version of the BrahMos, with a capability of cruising at 2.8 Mach speed. Following upgrades, it can hit targets at a range of upto 400 kilometres with precision. The development of advanced versions of a range above 1,000 kilometres and speed upto 5 Mach is said to be in store. The ground systems of BrahMos come with an air-conditioned cabin with Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) protection. The land attack version of the BrahMos was operationalised in the Indian Army in 2007. 3. Air-launched version: The BrahMos Air Launched Cruise Missile (ALCM) is the heaviest missile to arm India's frontline fighter jet, the Sukhoi-30 MKI. In November 2017, BrahMos was successfully flight-tested for the first time from the IAF frontline fighter aircraft against a sea-based target in the Bay of Bengal and has since been successfully tested multiple times. In tests conducted in 2019, BrahMos ALCM validated its land attack and anti-ship capability from large, stand-off ranges by day or night and in all weather conditions. 4. Submarine-launched version: This version can be launched from around 50 meters below the surface of the water. The canister-stored missile is launched vertically from the pressure hull of a submarine and uses different settings for underwater and out-of-the-water flights. This version was first successfully tested in March 2013 from a submerged platform off the coast of Visakhapatnam. 5. Futuristic BrahMos-NG: Development is underway for a futuristic version of the BrahMos, known as the BrahMos-NG (Next Generation), primarily for air and naval applications. This version will have reduced dimensions and weight, next generation stealth features, greater effectiveness against Electronic counter-countermeasure (ECCM), higher versatility for underwater combat and launch capability from a torpedo tube. 1. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) conducted two consecutive successful tests of quasi-ballistic missile Pralay from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam island off the coast of Odisha on 28th and 29th July. Three Pune based facilities of the DRDO have played a key role in the development of the tactical weapons system. 2. 'Pralay is an indigenously-developed solid propellant quasi-ballistic missile employing state-of-the-art guidance and navigation to ensure high precision. The missile is capable of carrying multiple types of warheads against various targets.' said the Ministry of Defence. 3. The first test of Pralay (which means widespread destruction) was conducted in December 2021. The missile is slated to be armed with a conventional warhead and will be inducted into the artillery of the Indian Army. 4. The system has been developed by Hyderabad-based DRDO facility Research Centre Imarat in collaboration with other facilities including three Pune based firms—Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) and Research & Development Establishment, Engineers (R&DE). The ballistic missiles are a category of missiles that utilise projectile motion to deliver warheads. During their arched trajectories, the ballistic missiles are powered during their initial travel but later take a gravity driven path. The quasi ballistic missiles are a class of missiles that have low trajectory and take the ballistic trajectory but can change course and make maneuvers during the flight if required. Ballistic missiles use projectile motion to deliver warheads to a target. They are powered for a relatively brief time, after which they let the laws of physics take them to their target. These missiles are categorised based on range. Ballistic missiles can carry either nuclear or conventional warheads. Examples of ballistic missiles are Agni I, Agni II, Prithvi I, Prithvi II and Dhanush missiles. Cruise missiles are unmanned vehicles powered by jet engines that can be launched from ground, air, or sea platforms. Examples of cruise missiles are BrahMos,Tomahawk,Kalibr, AGM-86 ALCM and JASSM. The cruise missiles fly at a low distance from the ground while the ballistic missiles follow a parabolic trajectory. Ballistic missiles are easier to track since they have a standard parabolic trajectory, as compared to cruise missiles which can fox air defence systems due to their manoeuvrability. (1) With reference to the BrahMos missile, consider the following statements: 1. It is a two-stage missile with a solid propellant booster engine. 2. The missile has a very low radar signature which makes it stealthy. 3. The course of the missile cannot be altered once fixed. 4. There is no sea to sea variant of BrahMos missile. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four (2) With reference to the Pralay missile, consider the following statements: 1. It is an indigenously developed solid propellant quasi-ballistic missile. 2. This missile is capable of carrying multiple types of warheads against various targets. 3. The first test of Pralay was conducted in 2024. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None (Sources: Sukhoi-30-launched Brahmos was the primary offensive weapon in Op Sindoor: DRDO chief, DRDO successfully tests quasi-ballistic tactical missile Pralay as part of user evaluation trials , Story of BrahMos: the 'fire and forget', stealthy cruise missile India likely used against Pakistan) You are invited to the next Express with Uttam Kumar Sinha, Senior Fellow at Manohar Parrikar-IDSA and Managing Editor of Strategic Analysis in conversation with Amitabh Sinha, Editor, Climate and Science, The Indian Express. Date:- June 13, 2025 l Time:- 6:00 P.M.|Place:- Zoom Topic- Indus Waters Treaty Join Now: Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – Indian Express UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for July 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at Roshni Yadav is a Deputy Copy Editor with The Indian Express. She is an alumna of the University of Delhi and Jawaharlal Nehru University, where she pursued her graduation and post-graduation in Political Science. She has over five years of work experience in ed-tech and media. At The Indian Express, she writes for the UPSC section. Her interests lie in national and international affairs, governance, economy, and social issues. You can contact her via email: ... Read More

The hidden tax we all pay: Why civic sense is a core economic issue
The hidden tax we all pay: Why civic sense is a core economic issue

Time of India

timean hour ago

  • Time of India

The hidden tax we all pay: Why civic sense is a core economic issue

The other day, I saw a child from one of Patna's top-tier private schools carelessly throw a chips packet from a moving school bus onto the roadside. A mundane act of littering, witnessed countless times in various spectacles, by me and many, I am afraid. It is tempting to dismiss it as bad manners. It is not. It's a tax—one paid not in rupees, but in degraded public space. This wasn't just litter—it was a reminder that while our schools proudly laser-focused on teaching Artificial Intelligence, coding, and STEM innovation, they often fail to impart the most basic lesson of modern citizenship: civic responsibility. Civic sense – the discipline of common courtesy and care for shared spaces – is more than mere etiquette. Civic sense is not a 'soft skill.' It's a public good with strong positive spillovers: when people properly dispose of waste, obey traffic rules, and respect public property, everyone benefits from cleaner streets, safer roads, and healthier neighborhoods. In effect, a well-behaved citizen creates a benefit for society (better air, faster traffic, less disease) that no market would adequately price. Conversely, every thrown candy wrapper, every illegal parking, and every wasted hour in traffic imposes hidden costs on others – costs that individuals seldom pay for. But in the Indian equilibrium, such restraint is rare. People free-ride, and the result is predictable: public space as tragedy-of-the-commons. For example, take the entrenched habit of spitting gutka and betel nuts. This isn't just bad manners—it's an economic drag. Indian Railways spends around ₹1,200 crore every year cleaning gutka stains from stations and trains. The cost isn't borne by the spitters, but by the taxpayer. That is public money poured into cleaning up private bad habits, enough to pay for nearly ten new India's semi-high-speed train, 16-coach trainset Vande Bharat Express! That's the textbook definition of a negative externality or neighbourhoods effect: private actions imposing public costs. In economic terms, each spittle stain or bit of litter creates a negative externality – a preventable social cost borne by taxpayers, transit users, and commuters. It is the opposite of investment: by fouling shared spaces, individuals erode the very infrastructure that makes economic activity possible. Take another instance of garbage disposal by the management in Patna. Civic agencies, armed with JCB machines, dutifully scoop filth from clogged drains, only to dump it on the roadside, where it festers for days—or months—until trucks arrive. By the time the municipal truck arrives to transport it to the outskirts, rain, wind, and street runoff have already returned the trash to its original home: the drain. This isn't waste management; it's waste circulation. Traffic is another case study in everyday economics gone wrong: when one driver blocks a lane, especially the right and middle ones, the lost minutes and extra fuel for dozens of other drivers add up to real economic losses. According to experts, congestion can consume millions of hours and tons of fuel nationally, translating into billions of dollars of forgone productivity (in Europe and the US, congestion wastes hours at a cost of ~US$30–63 billion per year). In India's big cities the figures are staggering. Every minute that a commuter loses in traffic is time that could have been spent working or educating a child. That is called the opportunity cost of congestion. Cleanliness and order, by contrast, produce positive externalities: tidy streets encourage more walking and commerce; reliable rules encourage greater investment and social trust; shared respect for property lowers policing costs. Economists describe this as a market failure: goods that are free and public tend to be overused or undervalued. Roads, parks, public transit and clean air are 'non-excludable' and 'non-rivalrous,' but they become congested and dirty if too many act selfishly. The classic rule of thumb (Vincent Ostrom's) is that we should set the level of collective action or government at the scale of the problem (the externality). Right now, much of our civic infrastructure is centralized in faraway city hall, while the consequences are felt on every neighborhood road and by every commuter. When citizens pay nearly no direct price to drive on a congested road or dump waste in the street, they tend to do so recklessly. That is why economists argue for aligning incentives: charge motorists for use of busy lanes, and prosecute habitual litterers or queue-cutters with visible penalties. Which brings us back to schools. Given these challenges, why does our school system not address them head-on? Today's Indian education is famed for its emphasis on math, science and careers, and it has produced top engineers, doctors and businessmen – a fact even critics of civic sense readily acknowledge. It has become 'an ignorable subject,' a multiple-choice hurdle to clear at age 13 and promptly forget. We teach rules in theory, not the lived reality of the social contract. In 1942, Britain's Beveridge Report identified five 'giant evils' that stood in the way of post-war progress: Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness. India may have reduced some of these, but we have quietly bred another: Indifference. Until we treat civic sense as a core subject—taught in classrooms, modelled by leaders, and enforced in public—our cities will remain stupid in practice. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Disclaimer Views expressed above are the author's own.

A Bed Of Flowers, A Glass Of Milk, And A Shy Bride: 'Suhagraat' Beyond Filmy Symbols
A Bed Of Flowers, A Glass Of Milk, And A Shy Bride: 'Suhagraat' Beyond Filmy Symbols

News18

time2 hours ago

  • News18

A Bed Of Flowers, A Glass Of Milk, And A Shy Bride: 'Suhagraat' Beyond Filmy Symbols

The term ' Suhagraat ' is derived from two words: ' Suhag ' and ' Raat '. Suhag stems from the Sanskrit word ' Saubhagya ' or ' Subhagya ', denoting a woman's marital good fortune, her husband's long life, and happiness. Raat simply means night, referring specifically to the first night after marriage. Therefore, Suhagraat literally translates to 'the night of marital good fortune', marking the moment when husband and wife grow intimately close for the first time. Historical Origins: During the medieval period, especially among the Mughal and Rajput royal households, Suhagraat evolved into a ceremonial event that accompanied the grandeur of marriage. Traditions included preparing a rose-adorned bed, applying fragrant perfumes, and guiding the nervous bride to sit beside the groom. With the advent of British rule, Victorian ideals merged with Indian customs, imbuing Suhagraat with a more emotional and sacred dimension. Over time, it grew from a mere night of union into a full-fledged ritual. Regional Variations Across India: India's vast cultural diversity brings with it various names and traditions, though the sentiment behind Suhagraat remains largely the same: the first night shared by the newlyweds. In Bengal, it is called Phoolshayya, bed of flowers. In Tamil Nadu, it is known as Iravu Thiruma whereas in Maharashtra, it goes by Pahili Raat, meaning first night. In Rajasthan and Punjab, the term Suhagraat is common, with slight regional variations. Despite linguistic differences, the essence remains consistent: the symbolic beginning of the couple's marital journey. Depiction in Films and Literature: In the 20th century, Indian cinema redefined the popular image of Suhagraat. Films often portrayed flower-laden beds, glasses of milk, bashful brides, the soft jingle of bangles, and veils concealing shy smiles. This cinematic representation fused sensuality with tradition, embedding a romantic and ritualistic narrative into public imagination. What was once a private ritual became a cultural motif. Modern-Day Perceptions: In contemporary society, particularly in urban areas, Suhagraat is increasingly viewed as a personal experience rather than a rigid tradition. For many modern couples, who may already share emotional or physical intimacy before marriage, Suhagraat has become more of a symbolic gesture. For others, especially in rural or traditional settings, it remains a deeply significant and often mysterious event, filled with expectation and emotion. To the younger generation, it may represent not just a night of romance, but the emotional beginning of a shared life. Traditional Symbols and Their Meanings: The bed of flowers, often central to the Suhagraat setting, symbolises beauty, purity, and sensuality. The fragrant petals not only enhance the romantic atmosphere but also represent the blossoming of a new relationship. The glass of milk, traditionally offered to the couple, signifies love, strength, and vitality. It is seen as a nourishing gesture, both literal and symbolic, meant to energise and bless the couple as they embark on their life together. The veil, typically worn by the bride, denotes modesty, grace, and adherence to tradition. It creates a sense of mystery and shyness, reinforcing the emotional vulnerability and respectful boundaries that mark the beginning of a marriage. These elements are not just ornamental or ritualistic, they each represent an emotional and psychological transition. Suhagraat, in its many forms, is more than just a night of intimacy. It stands as a reflection of evolving customs, deeply rooted emotions, and the timeless nature of human connection.

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