Pressure mounts on Fed chief Powell in tee up to GDP, jobs data
In a rare occurrence, policymakers will convene in the same week that the government issues reports on gross domestic product, employment and the Fed's preferred price metrics. Fed officials meet Tuesday and Wednesday, and are widely expected to keep rates unchanged again.
Forecasters anticipate the heavy dose of data will show economic activity rebounded in the second quarter, largely due to a sharp narrowing of the trade deficit, while job growth moderated in July. The third marquee report may show underlying inflation picked up slightly in June from a month earlier.
While the government's advance estimate of GDP for the quarter is projected to show an annualized 2.4% increase — after the economy shrank 0.5% in January-March — Wednesday's report will probably reveal only modest household demand and business investment.
The median forecast in a Bloomberg survey calls for a 1.5% gain in consumer spending to mark the weakest back-to-back quarters since the onset of the pandemic in early 2020. A shaky housing market also weighed on second-quarter activity.
At the end of the week, the July jobs report is forecast to show companies are becoming more deliberate in their hiring. Employment likely moderated after a June increase that was boosted by a jump in education payrolls, while the unemployment rate is seen ticking up to 4.2%.
Private payrolls are projected to rise by 100,000 after the smallest advance in eight months. Through the first half of the year, the pace of hiring by companies has eased compared with the 2024 average. The breadth of job growth has been relatively narrow as well. Separate figures out Tuesday are forecast to show job openings declined in June.
A few Fed officials have started to raise concerns about what they see as a fragile job market, including two who've said they see merit in considering a rate cut now. Pressure is also mounting from outside the boardroom. U.S. President Donald Trump has been vocal about his desire to see Powell and his colleagues lower borrowing costs for consumers and businesses.
The president has frequently chastised Powell for moving too slowly, while at the same time taking aim at his stewardship over construction cost overruns related to renovation of the Fed's Eccles Building headquarters in Washington.
Powell and other central bankers have stressed the need for patience as the Trump administration's tariffs risk a re-acceleration of inflation. So far this year, since a variety of U.S. duties on imports were imposed, price pressures have been modest.
The government's personal income and spending report for June, due on Friday, is projected to show the Fed's preferred core inflation gauge accelerated slightly from a month earlier, indicating tariffs are only gradually being passed through to consumers.
Further north, the Bank of Canada is also set to hold, keeping borrowing costs steady at 2.75% for a third consecutive meeting amid trade uncertainty, sticky core inflation, and an economy that seems to be handling tariffs better than many economists expected. Officials will release a monetary policy report, but it's not yet known whether they'll return to point forecasts or release multiple scenarios, as they did in April amid volatile U.S. trade policy.
Industry-based GDP data for May and a flash estimate for June are expected to point to a contraction in the second quarter. Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney is pushing to get a trade deal done with Trump by Aug. 1, but he and the country's provincial leaders have downplayed expectations, saying they're focused above all on getting a good agreement.
On a global level, Trump's Friday deadline also takes center stage, with several economies — including South Korea and Switzerland — still hoping to clinch trade agreements.
A worker welds a structural steel beam at a steel facility in West Jordan, Utah. Forecasters anticipate this week's heavy dose of data will show U.S. economic activity rebounded in the second quarter, largely due to a sharp narrowing of the trade deficit. |
Bloomberg
Following talks between the U.S. president and European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen on Sunday, the U.S. and European Union agreed to an understanding that will see the bloc face 15% tariffs on most of its exports.
Meanwhile, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng scheduled to start trade talks on Monday in Stockholm. The two countries are expected to extend their tariff truce by another three months, the South China Morning Post reported, citing unnamed sources.
Elsewhere, central bankers in Japan and Brazil are also likely to keep rates unchanged, while cuts are anticipated in South Africa, Chile, Ghana, Pakistan and Colombia. Investors will also watch for new International Monetary Fund's forecasts, global purchasing manager index readings, and a barrage of GDP and inflation data in Europe.
Below is our wrap of what's coming up in the global economy.
Asia
Asia's central bank highlight comes Thursday, with the Bank of Japan expected to hold its benchmark rate steady at 0.5%. Gov. Kazuo Ueda's reaction to the U.S. trade deal will be a focus after his deputy said the agreement boosted the likelihood of economic forecasts being met — a key condition for another rate hike.
A slew of data will reflect the impact of Trump's tariff campaign. Trade figures are due from the Philippines, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Thailand, South Korea and Indonesia, while manufacturing purchasing managers' index figures are due across the region.
China gets two sets of July PMI data at the end of the week, with attention on whether the official gauge can edge higher for a third month and S&P Global's index can stay in the expansion zone. Industrial earnings — published Sunday — revealed a second straight month of declines, with authorities set to intensify their drive to rein in excessive competition that's dragging down prices and compounding the pain from U.S. tariffs.
Others releasing PMI statistics include Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan and Vietnam, all on Friday.
Meantime, Australia gets second-quarter data that's expected to show consumer inflation cooled a tad, which could give the Reserve Bank room to resume its rate cutting cycle when it next sets policy on Aug. 12.
Pakistan's central bank may cut rates on Wednesday, two days before the country — and Indonesia — gets new inflation readings.
Europe
Output and inflation data across Europe take center stage. Economists in a Bloomberg poll expect Wednesday's figures to show euro-area GDP remaining flat in the three months through June, after a 0.6% expansion in the first quarter. That performance was lifted by a frontloading in trade before Trump's expected announcement of global import duties.
Among the bloc's biggest economies, Germany is forecast to see the worst performance, with output slipping 0.1% from the previous quarter. Spain is expected to keep growing by 0.6%, with France and Italy expanding just slightly. Smaller economies publish their numbers throughout the week, with Ireland — so often a wild card for the bloc's economy — kicking things off on Monday.
Meanwhile, inflation data for the euro area on Friday are set to confirm the European Central Bank's confidence that it's been brought under control. Consumer prices are forecast to have risen 1.9% in July, less than the previous month's 2% and just below the central bank's goal. A measure of underlying inflation probably remained steady, at 2.3%.
With most of Europe in vacation mode, only a single ECB speaker has a scheduled appearance — Spain's Jose Luis Escriva, on Monday — while results from the central bank's monthly survey of consumers' inflation expectations are due a day later, and its wage tracker comes on Wednesday.
The Bank of England goes into a quiet period ahead of its Aug. 7 rate decision, with economic releases on the U.K. agenda primarily linked to housing.
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