Tesla failed to stop Autopilot misuse, safety expert testifies

Miami Herald

16-07-2025

Tesla Inc. hasn't done enough to protect against drivers misusing its Autopilot system, a safety expert testified at a trial over a 2019 fatal collision.
Mary "Missy" Cummings, an engineering professor at George Mason University, told jurors in Miami federal court that the Tesla owner's manual, which contains critical warnings about how the system works, is difficult for drivers to access.
She also said that prior to the crash, the company was having problems with drivers ignoring computer-generated warnings and had not embraced so-called geo-fencing already in use by other car makers to block drivers from activating driver-assistance functions on roads they're not designed for.
"Do you have any opinion as to why Tesla chose not to geofence its tech in 2019 and create a safe operational domain when other manufacturers were?" Cummings was asked by a lawyer for the plaintiffs, Brett Schreiber.
"I believe they were using that as a way to sell more cars," said Cummings, who previously served as a senior adviser at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
A Tesla representative declined to comment on Cummings' testimony. She is expected to return to the witness stand Thursday when lawyers for Tesla will have a chance to question her.
The trial, which began Monday and is expected to take three weeks, is among the first to test Tesla Chief Executive Officer Elon Musk's claims that his cars are the safest ever made. It comes at a critical juncture for Tesla, which is making a big push to roll out a robotaxi business as the company stakes its future in part on autonomous driving.
The lawsuit was brought on behalf of Naibel Benavides Leon, who was killed, and Dillon Angulo, who was seriously injured when a Tesla Model S went through a T-intersection in Key Largo and off the pavement, striking their parked Chevrolet Tahoe as they were standing next to it.
The plaintiffs' lawyers allege that Tesla's driver-assistance system was defective and that the company failed to warn users about its limitations. Tesla maintains that the crash was caused by driver error, a defense the company has successfully used to win two previous California trials when Autopilot was blamed for accidents.
George McGee, the driver of the Model S, had engaged the driver-assistance system, but had dropped his mobile phone and wasn't watching the road while reaching for the device on the floorboard.
Lawyers for Angulo and the estate of Benavides Leon told the jury that the collision was a "preventable tragedy" and that the automated system built into the car failed to respond when it detected the end of the roadway, regardless of how McGee was driving.
They have repeatedly shown jurors augmented video clips captured by cameras on the car that show the system identifying the edge of the road, paint on the roadway indicating a stop sign, the Tahoe parked off road and a pedestrian standing nearby.
But Tesla argues that no technology that was on the market in 2019 would have been able to prevent the crash, and that McGee was fully at fault because he was pressing the accelerator and overriding the vehicle's adaptive cruise control before he went off the road.
Cummings was asked by Schreiber about a letter to NHTSA in which Tesla asserted that "Autopilot has the most robust set of warnings against driver misuses and abuse of any feature ever deployed in the automotive industry."
She told the jury, "I saw no evidence that would back up this claim that they have the most robust set of warnings."
When Cummings was appointed as a safety adviser for NHTSA in 2021, Musk called her "extremely biased against Tesla" and Tesla fans signed a petition against her.
Cummings has served as an expert witness in at least two other lawsuits against Tesla related to the Autopilot system, according to court filings.
The professor said McGee was very clear speaking after the accident that he thought this car was his copilot and that it would stop for obstacles in the road. Like many Tesla drivers, she said, McGee felt he could rely on Autopilot to navigate when he dropped his phone.
"The car is doing a good job of driving so I'm going to reach down and pick it up because my copilot is driving," she said.
The case is Benavides v. Tesla, 1:21-cv-21940, US District Court, Southern District of Florida (Miami).
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