Suicides on campus: Supreme Court issues 15 guidelines, calls for mental health policy
A bench of Justices Vikram Nath and Sandeep Mehta said there remained a 'legislative and regulatory vacuum' in the country with respect to a unified, enforceable framework for suicide prevention of students in educational institutions, coaching centres, and student-centric environments. While issuing 15 guidelines, the bench said the measures should remain in force and binding, until such time as appropriate legislation or regulatory frameworks were enacted by the competent authority.
All educational institutions were directed to adopt and implement a uniform mental health policy, drawing cues from the 'Ummeed' draft guidelines, the 'Manodarpan' initiative, and the National Suicide Prevention Strategy. 'This policy shall be reviewed and updated annually and made publicly accessible on institutional websites and notice boards of the institutes,' the bench said.
The top court highlighted Centre's preventive steps to mitigate the situation, with 'Ummeed' (understand, motivate, manage, empathise, empower, and develop) draft guidelines — meant to prevent school student suicides — released by the Ministry of Education in 2023.
For a broader reach, the court said, the Ministry of Education launched 'Manodarpan', mental health and well-being of students during the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond.
The verdict came on an appeal against an order of the Andhra Pradesh HC, rejecting the plea to transfer the probe over the unnatural death of a 17-year-old National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test aspirant, preparing in Vishakhapatnam, to the CBI.
The bench said all educational institutions with 100 or more enrolled students should either appoint or engage at least one qualified counsellor, psychologist, or social worker with demonstrable training in child and adolescent mental health.
'Institutions with fewer students shall establish formal referral linkages with external mental health professionals,' the verdict said.
The bench continued, 'All residential-based institutions shall install tamper-proof ceiling fans or equivalent safety devices, and shall restrict access to rooftops, balconies, and other high-risk areas, in order to deter impulsive acts of self-harm.' All educational institutions, particularly coaching institutes or centres, were asked to refrain from segregating students' batches on the basis of academic performance, public shaming, or assignment of academic targets disproportionate to their capacities.
'All educational institutions shall establish robust, confidential, and accessible mechanisms for the reporting, redressal, and prevention of incidents involving sexual assault, harassment, ragging, and bullying on the basis of caste, class, gender, sexual orientation, disability, religion, or ethnicity,' the order said.
The bench stressed on the need for zero tolerance when it came to retaliatory actions against complainants or whistle-blowers. In all such cases, immediate referral to trained mental health professionals must be ensured, and the student's safety, physical and psychological, should be prioritised, it said.
'Failure to take timely or adequate action in such cases… shall be treated as institutional culpability, making the administration liable to regulatory and legal consequences,' the bench added.
The guidelines would apply to all educational institutions, including public and private schools, colleges, universities, training centres, coaching institutes, residential academies and hostels, irrespective of their affiliation.
The top court in a separate case took cognisance of suicides in educational institutions and directed the constitution of a National Task Force on mental health concerns of students and prevention of suicides in higher educational institutions.
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