Sociopaths walk among us but could you spot one? The seven traits to look out for
But the bigger picture is complex. The term 'sociopath', while often used in the vernacular, is not recognised as a diagnostic label by the ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision), published by the World Health Organisation. It describes sociopathic traits as dissocial personality disorder. In psychology circles, it is also referred to as antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).
Psychopathic traits also sit under this umbrella, and while they share similarities, psychopathy tends to play out in more severe actions and has a stronger genetic link. The NHS states: 'Antisocial personality disorder is a particularly challenging type of personality disorder characterised by impulsive, irresponsible and often criminal behaviour.'
For those living with this condition, or others in relationships with them, the long-term outcome can feel bleak. Studies indicate that around one per cent of the UK population meets the criteria for ASPD and it is more prevalent in men (up to 4 per cent of all males). Even more disturbing is that 50 to 80 per cent of male prisoners show ASPD characteristics, as do a high number of chief executives in business.
Yet experts agree that sociopathy sits on a spectrum. Patric Gagne, an author and therapist, calls herself a '21st-century sociopath'. She is a well-known advocate for those suffering from ASPD, with a PhD in clinical psychology. 'I am a mother and a wife, therapist, member of a country club and well-liked – yet also 'mostly immune to remorse and grief',' she says, adding that, contrary to society's expectations, 'You can be a sociopath and have a healthy relationship. You can be a sociopath and be educated.'
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Experts also believe that if a person is willing to recognise and understand their behaviour and work towards change, they have the chance of living a socially adaptive and meaningful life. Here are the typical tendencies of sociopaths to look out for.
They ramp up the charisma for their own advantage
A sociopath is often thinking: 'How can I work this opportunity for personal gain?' So, while they might present themselves as an affable raconteur, there is little sincerity in the seemingly charming words that fall from their mouth.
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