WTO must protect African interests: CUTS International dialogue
WTO
is a critical multilateral rules-based forum to promote and protect the trade interests of all countries, especially the African low-income countries, in the world, and it must be revitalised at all costs, said Pradeep S. Mehta, Secretary General of
CUTS International
.
CUTS convened a high-level informal dialogue with African Ambassadors to the
World Trade Organization
(WTO) at the Palais des Nations, Geneva on 9th July. Mehta, an NGO Adviser to the DG, WTO, chaired the meeting.
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The closed-door session focused on reforms to the multilateral trading system, the operationalization of the African Continental Free Trade Area (
AfCFTA
), Africa's strategic role within the G20, and preparations for the 14th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC14) to be hosted in Cameroon in March, 2026. The deliberations captured the continent's resolve to navigate a complex geopolitical environment and assert its developmental priorities on the world stage.
Multilateral Trading System in a Fractured World
A recurrent theme was the increasing fragility of the multilateral trading order. Participants expressed deep concern over the rising trend of economic unilateralism, particularly the imposition of arbitrary tariffs by dominant global actors. This threatens to further fragment global trade by pushing countries—especially vulnerable African states—into precarious bilateral deals that are often skewed against their interests.
The erosion of predictability and stability in the WTO system, largely due to the disengagement of some major economies, was viewed as a direct threat to investment flows and long-term development planning.
Participants were unequivocal in their call for a revitalized, rules-based multilateral system—one that does not hinge on the whims of any single power. Yet, there was caution against retaliation. The disengagement of any single country should not dictate the future of the trading system. Instead,
African countries
were urged to champion reforms that democratize decision-making and prioritize inclusivity and development.
AfCFTA: From Aspiration to Implementation
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) featured prominently throughout the session. Several interventions emphasized that the agreement must move beyond high-level policy to tangible, ground-level impact—particularly for small businesses, women, and youth.
There was strong consensus that the private sector must be placed at the heart of AfCFTA's implementation strategy. Ongoing initiatives, including national training workshops, online capacity-building platforms, and the establishment of a private sector facilitation framework, were cited as promising steps. The critical challenge now is ensuring that these tools translate into real trade opportunities.
The connectivity deficits—both digital and physical—were seen as major bottlenecks that require urgent investment and regulatory coordination. Moreover, participants highlighted that AfCFTA must cohere with regional economic community frameworks to avoid duplication and disintegration.
Investment Facilitation and Economic Sovereignty
There was unanimous agreement that Africa's development hinges on attracting sustainable and strategic investment. The WTO's Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD) Agreement was viewed by many as a pragmatic entry point—though concerns about legal integration and sovereign space were noted.
It was emphasized that investment and services policies must be approached as two sides of the same coin. With two-thirds of global FDI flowing into services, African governments were encouraged to align regulatory environments accordingly, especially in sectors like telecommunications, logistics, and agri-processing. The call to attract investment reflected an urgent development imperative amid declining aid and mounting public finance constraints.
A Critical Opportunity for Africa
The upcoming MC14, to be hosted in Cameroon, was framed as a historic moment for the continent. With agriculture, food security, and WTO reform on the agenda, African countries must arrive at the conference with a unified, actionable agenda.
Particular emphasis was placed on securing outcomes on public stockholding, special safeguard mechanisms, and industrial policy flexibility.
Participants urged that MC14 must not only acknowledge Africa's unique developmental needs but also advance them through concrete institutional reforms—especially around the Dispute Settlement Mechanism and Special & Differential Treatment.
Leveraging the G20: From Presence to Influence
While the African Union's recent admission to the G20 was applauded, it was made clear that mere presence does not guarantee influence. Effective participation requires preparation, coordination, and an unwavering commitment to championing the continent's priorities—particularly in digital trade, infrastructure, and MSME development.
Some voices were sceptical of the G20's utility, citing its historical disconnect from WTO deliberations. Others, however, emphasized the opportunity for Africa to engage proactively—especially with the AU now at the table. The upcoming G20 summits hosted by South Africa and potentially the US were viewed as tests of whether Africa can shape the global trade narrative rather than merely respond to it.
The meeting closed with a stark yet empowering message: Africa must stop waiting for others to define the system. The continent's strength lies in forging coalitions, acting decisively, and learning by doing. The rules-based system must be preserved—not in spite of the challenges, but because of them. Indeed, the most thought-provoking insight may have been the call to stop treating the United States' disinterest as a veto on multilateral progress.
The session was attended, among others, by Jeremiah Mangewa (South Africa), Amb. Brian Glover (Mauritius), Hamid Mamdouh (Senior Counsel), Rajesh Aggarwal (Visiting Professor, ICRIER), Amb. Urujeni Bakuramutsa (Rwanda), Lily Sommers (ITC), Ms. Mpho Michelle Mogobe (Botswana), M. Thomas Ndongo (Cameroon), Mr. Pradeep S. Mehta (Secretary General, CUTS International), Suddha Chakravartti (Director, CUTS International Geneva), Peter Maundu (Research Associate of CUTS), and Mritunjai Kapila (Ontern).
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